英语翻译理论与实践

黄山学院

外语系

课程讲稿

专业名称：英语专业

课程名称：《英汉翻译理论与实践1》主导教材：冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》授课教师：程汕姗

A Brief Introduction to Translation

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Discussion:

What is translation

What is a successful translation

What difficulties might occur in translating process

A.What is translation

1.Key words:

source language(SL) / receptor language / target language(TL); reproduce;

message / information; equivalence / correspondence

2.Nature of translation

Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms

of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida)

德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems & Methods一书中说：Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words

with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things

in another language. Translating is always meaning-based, . it is the

transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target

language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表

达事物的适当方式。翻译始终立足于语义，也就是说，是语义从源语到译语的

转换，而不是形式。）

这说明了翻译是语义的翻译，不是语言形式的翻译，是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容，而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言

中含义相似的某些词语或结构。翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚，必须着眼

于传达原文的内容和意义。换句话说，翻译的基本单位应该是语篇，而不是词

语结构。根据系统功能语言学家的观点，语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言

语单位，而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、

一个句段、一个句群，也有可能是一个词语。翻译作为语言交际的一种形式，

其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。翻

译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出

来的语言活动。

3.Classification of translation:

a.Oral interpretation / written translation

b.Human translation / machine translation

c.Literary / scientific / political / commercial translation

d.Domestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement,

alienation)

e.Literal translation / free translation

B.What is a successful translation

1.严复：信、达、雅 (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)

2.傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似

3.钱钟书：诱、讹、化

4.Eugene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalence

C.What difficulties might occur in translating process

Language / Cultural Barriers

Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the

content is not shared in the two cultures.

→Betrayal: Loss / Distortion

1.Understanding

i.Word meaning

Example analysis

Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield, which flattered her.

米勒为了逢迎柴斯特菲尔德夫人而替她画了一幅像。

（原文中的 flatter 意为“超过”[to make better looking than the

reality] ，将其译为“逢迎”是理解上的错误。）

米勒给柴斯特菲尔德夫人画了一幅像，该像之美简直超过了她本人。

ii.Sentence structure

Example analysis

The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than

with a theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic

conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established

pattern.

【原译】传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的

创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。

【改译】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱

斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。

iii.Background knowledge

Example analysis

Then he was off to Columbia Business School , where he found his

Rosetta Stone of investing. (Roger Lowenstein: An Unassuming

Billionaire )

Rosetta Stone 是古埃及石，意为“提供线索”，这儿喻指“帮助

了解难题的事物”。

后来他进了哥伦比亚商学院，在那里找到了自己的投资指南。

2.Expressing

i.Literal translation Vs. liberal translation

Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole

text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation.

It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style

of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures

of speech.

Liberal Translation mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the

original without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures

of speech.

Example analysis

To kill two birds with one stone.

直译：一石二鸟

意译：一箭双雕，一举两得

树倒猢狲散

直译：When the tree falls, the monkeys scatter.

意译：Members run away when the family falls. / Rats leave a sinking ship.

ii.Free translation

Example analysis

This was one of the secrets of his great popularity, but it was a

popularity which was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and

bubbled, and foamed for a while, only to recede, and be lost to its

former possessor.

【原译】这是他名噪一时的一个秘密，但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定：

在短暂的时间内如日中天，盛极一时，炙手可热，但转瞬间又烟消云散，

终于在原来有些声望的人身上消失了。

【改译】这是他名噪一时的一个秘密，但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定：

一时间奔腾高涨，汹涌澎拜，转瞬间又一落千丈，终于在原来享有这种声

望的人身上荡然无存。

iii.Translationese

Example analysis

The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner

jacket.

【原译】他对气候的唯一让步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。

【改译】气候变化，他仅稍稍作了一点变通，赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

iv.Cohesion and coherence

Example analysis

There was a menu , but it didn’t make any difference , everything

tasted the same. Monumental portion. You’d stand up at the end and

want to die.

(M. Lurie , A Beacon in the Night)

【原译】那儿有菜单，可没什么区别。所有东西味道都一样。份量惊人，

你最后会站起来想死。

【改译】那儿是有菜单，可完全派不上用场，因为所有东西味道都一样。

只是份量惊人，你吃完后一站起身来就会感觉胀得要死。

D.How can we improve our translation

1.English reading

2.Chinese writing

3.Translation practice

II.The Role of Translator:

The craft of translator is … deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation.

— George Steiner 译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。

A.Metaphors for translator:

1. A courier of the human spirits （普希金）

2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting

3. A straitjacketed dancer

4. A musician / an actor

5.Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)

B.Responsibility of translator:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5e10060530.html,petent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge

2.Being as transparent as possible

3.Being a good negotiator

III.T he Development of Translation in China:

翻译史上的三个高峰期：

1.汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘

2.明清以后西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数严林－康有

为）

3.五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书

Contrast between English and Chinese (1)

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Thinking Style and Diction

A.Abstract vs. Concrete

An excessive reliance on the noun at the expense of verb will, in the end, detach the mind of the writer from the realities of here and now, from when and how and in what mood the thing was done, and insensibly induce a habit of abstraction, generalization and vagueness.

─G. M. Young

1.Embodiment

. The signs of the times point to the necessity of the modification of the system of administration.（Times）

It is becoming clear that the administrative system must be modified.

行政系统需要改革，这一点已经越来越清楚了。

. There seems to have been an absence of attempt at conciliation between

rival

sects. (Daily Telegraph)

The rival sects seem never even to have tried mutual conciliation.

对立的派别似乎从未试图谋求和解。

2.Visualization

. utterly quiet鸦雀无声

. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.

译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进

．．了四分之一决赛。

B.Static（静）vs. Dynamic（动）

Examples:

1) 名词化（Nominalization）

Comparison:

a)The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient

uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily.

The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful

examination of the patient brought about his speedy recovery.

医生迅速赶到，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。

b)Freedom-loving people everywhere condemned them because they violated

the agreement reached at Helsinki and abused basic human rights in their

own country.

The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of

freedom-loving people everywhere.

他们违反在赫尔辛基达成的协议，在国内践踏基本人权，因此受到各地热爱

自由的人们的谴责。

. He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern.

他头脑灵活，讨人喜欢/很好相处，可是学习不用功；他老是东挪西借，又喜欢

上酒馆喝点小酒。

2) 介词充斥(prepositionitis)

. He has someone behind him.

Someone supports him.

. With these words she went away.

After saying these, she went away.

. He is at his books.

He is reading his books.

II.Thinking Style and Syntax

A.形合与意合 (Hypotactic vs. Paratactic)

形合（Hypotactic）

句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。

The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with

connectives. (The American

Heritage Dictionary) . I shall despair if you don’t come.

意合（Paratactic）

词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。

The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. (The World Book Dictionary)

.大雨倾盆，河水泛滥，冲毁了很多民房。

英语造句多用各种形式手段连接，注重显性接应（overt cohesion），重形式，重结构。相对汉语而言其连接手段和形式不仅数量大，种类多，而且使用频率极高。

present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.

现如今车辆横冲直撞，严重威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。

B.Impersonal vs. Personal

It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.

近来已注意到本馆存书惊人地减少，此事令人关切。现要求学生切记图书借还规则，并考虑其他学生的需要。今后凡借书逾期不还者，必将严格按章处罚。

1.Inanimate noun (无灵名词) as subject

. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.

我激动得什么话也说不出。

. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.

我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点声响都没有。

2.Preparatory word: it

. It hurts! (“it”: unspecified word 虚义词) ——好疼！

. It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest.

我从未想到她会这么不老实。

3.Passive voice (hidden agent/doer)

. The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are known.

只要知道电压和电流，就能确定电阻。

C.Subject-Prominent（主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主题句）

Examples:

1) She showered us with telegrams.

译：她的电报纷至沓来。

2) There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.

译：这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以他们都很满意。

3) Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early painting.

译：他的早期绘画

．．．．．．色彩明亮、笔触大胆。

Contrast between English and Chinese (2) ◇Teaching Contents:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5e10060530.html,ment on the homework

II.Lexical Differences

英汉词类系统比较

A.Word order

1.Attributive modifiers

英语句中单词一般放在被修饰词的前面，短语和从句一般放在被修饰词的后面。

汉语定语不管单词或词组一般都放在被修饰语的前面。

Examples:

1) something important 重要

．．的事

2) the ancient Chinese poet中国古代

．．．．诗人

3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar一个身材瘦小

．．．．的叫化

子，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，胡子拉渣的，还瘸着腿

．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

4) a candidate with little chance of success 一个当选希望极微

．．．．．．的候选人

2.Adverbial modifiers

英语状语可前可后。汉语状语一般放在被修饰的动词或形容词前面。

Examples:

1) to develop rapidly迅速发展；extremely fast快极了/ 极快

2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of

the dawn. 我们提着一袋书

．．．．穿过了花园。

．．．．．，在晨曦中

3) He was quick to use self-deprecating humor to throw anyone off the

scent.

为了迷惑别人

．．．．．．，他机灵地说些自我挖苦的笑话。

4) He was born in Rome on May 27, 1980.

他是1980

．．．．年．5．月．27．．日．出生于罗马

．．。

．．．．出生的。/ 他于1980

．．．．年．5．月．27．．日在罗马

III.S yntactic Differences

A.Transformation of sentence structure

1.Simple Sentence →Complex Sentence

. His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free College of the City of New York.

由于在中学成绩优异，他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5e10060530.html,plex Sentence →Simple Sentence

. That he will come to the discussion is certain. 他肯定会来参加讨论

的。

. He doesn’t know what life means to him. 他不知道人生的意义。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5e10060530.html,plex Sentence →Complex Sentence

. Our men had gone quite a distance off before the enemy reinforcement troops came up. 我们的队伍已经走得很远了，敌人的增援部队才赶上来。

. This place is really beautiful, and many people bring their wives and families out here to live. 这地方实在漂亮，（所以）许多人都带着家

小搬来居住。

4.Inverted Order →Natural Order

. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.

当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。

5.Passive Voice →Active Voice

. He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬他。

. I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper. 有人告诉我不要相信报纸上读到的消息。

B.Sentence order

1.Time order

. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of

the construction job he had been engaged in in the South.

译：他本来在南部从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。

2.Logic order

a.Cause-result order

. He had to stay at home yesterday owing to the bad weather.

b.Condition –result order

. She will play the piano only if she is paid. 只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演奏钢琴。

=

Understanding Source Text ◇Teaching Contents:

I. Comment on the homework

II. The three levels of meaning

美国语言教学家Wilga M. Rivers 说过理解中要掌握三个层次的意义，即词语意义、语法或结构意义以及社会和文化意义（the three levels of meaning: lexical meaning, structural or grammatical meaning, and social-cultural meaning）。

Examples:

1 So that's how I became just another kid in school.

就这样，我成了学校里一名和其他孩子一样的普通孩子。

2 At first, they were being nice.

起初人们只是出于一时的好心。

3 John Major faces severe social and economic problems as well as tough debate over European integration, but his top priority will be to maintain the Tories' long lease on 10 Downing Street.

梅杰面临严重的社会和经济问题以及关于欧洲统一的艰苦辩论，但是他的当务之急将是维系保守党的长期执政。

III、Approaches to correct understanding

1. 要理解原文语句的内部关系：

Examples:

Go to hell! You report what I have done to the authorities.

去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我对他们的不敬吧！

【译文】去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我的所作所为好啦！

He ate his savoury, and hurried the maid as she swept the crumbs.

他一边吃着最后的一道消食小吃，一边催促女佣人赶快打扫碎屑。

【译文】他吃完最后的一道消食小吃，在女佣人打扫碎屑时，催她快一点。

2. 要理解特殊语言现象的特殊含义：

John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.

【译文】约翰现在同父母一起住在纽约；他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三年了。

Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.

德里克自以为是讨女人喜欢的人，可是为了讨我喜欢，他却花很多时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

【译文】德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

3. 要结合上下文语境进行理解：

The tyrants might array their cruelty, but the people would oppose their bravery.

【译文】暴君恣意肆虐，人民则奋勇反抗。

Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.

管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如就业的模式不断变化包括外购。重组等现象的猛增。

【译文】管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如企业用工方式的不断变化包括大幅度增加外部采办和新建联产单位。

4. 要通过吃透词语含义进行理解：

While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men.

虽然许多女人对与他人亲密无间，分享秘密感到舒坦，而男人却经常刻求在与其他男人的关系中表达感情。

【译文】许多女人亲密相处互吐隐秘感到心安理得，而男人要对其他男人表露感情却非易事。

On the drunken occasion in question, I was insufferable about liking you, and not liking you. I wish you would forget it.

在那次大醉时，我老考虑是不是喜欢你，搞得我无法忍受，希望你忘了它。

【译文】那一次喝得酩酊大醉的时候，我说了喜欢你不喜欢你的一番话，让你受不了，希望你忘了它吧。

5. 要明确词语的具体指代进行理解：

Fifty cases of woolen sweaters were shipped from Shanghai to New York. They were products of the city's first joint venture. Owing to a storm at sea, some of the cargo got stained by seawater. However, the goods duly arrived yesterday.

【译文】有50箱羊毛衫从上海发往纽约。这些羊毛衫是上海首家合资企业的产品。由于海上遇到风暴，其中一部分遭到海水污损，但这批货物已于昨天按时运抵。

"Heaven bless you, my child," said she, embracing Amelia, and scowling the while over the girl's shoulder at Miss Sharp. "Come away, Becky," said Miss Jemima, pulling the young woman away in great alarm.

她搂着爱米丽亚说：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面说，一面从女孩的肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕，赶快拉着年轻女子出来，口里说：“来吧，贝基。”

【译文】她搂着爱米丽亚说：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面说，一面从爱米丽亚肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕，赶快拉着夏泼小姐出来，口里说：“走吧，小姐。”

I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury.

我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的受害者扑了过去。

【译文】我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。

6. 要注意省略和替代部分的理解：

"Has he sold his collection yet" "He has some of the paintings; I'm not sure about the rest."

“他的藏画全都卖了吗”“他有一些画，其他的我说不准。”

【译文】“他的藏画全都卖了吗”“有一部分画他已经卖了，其他的我说不准。”

In other words there is at work in the language of a man, or of an age even,

a constant principle of selection.

【译文】换句话说，不仅一个人的语言，甚至于一个时代的语言，都不断受到淘汰原理的影响。

A causeless event or thing, we cannot think of any more than we can of a stick with only one end.

【译文】我们不可能设想有哪件事情是无缘无故产生的，就像我们不可能设想有哪根棍子只有一头一样。

We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But it's more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.

【译文】我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错误。但是，我们觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今感到有权利犯错误。

实用英文写作与翻译作业与参考答案21

实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案 第一次作业： Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占） 39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折） and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said. 参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下 据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。餐馆里的食物占1996年美国人购餐的39%，比1970年增长了26%。该部门在报告中称：“外出所用之餐对于美国人饮食质量日益重要”。该部门还称：“虽然美国人消费的食物的营养质量总体改善了。但是，一般来说，家里所备的食物远比外出用餐的食物有益于健康。”研究表明：“尽管在家里用餐能获取养份，美国人发觉他们难以改善自己的饮食，因为他们多次在外购餐。”近年来在家里和餐馆里所备的食物的营养结构都得到了改善，然而，外出用餐的食物包含了较多典型的美国人汲取过多的养份，包括脂肪和饱和脂肪，也包含了较少多数饮食中所缺少的，如钙，纤维和铁。该农业部提议营养教育计划应更着重于教导美国消费者外出用餐时如何预定有益于健康的一餐。人们发现改善后的饮食结构能预防心脏病，中风，癌症，糖尿病，与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折以及试管婴儿的神经缺陷所带来的危险。该部门称，在美国与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折每年在医疗照料费用，医疗失误和早产死亡之上的耗费高达106亿美元。 第二次作业 1、Kill one’s appetite ?Kill time ?Kill the peace ?Kill the mood ?Kill the proposal ?Kill the engine ?Kill the child with kindness 2、If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died. 3、This ticket is available in all parks. 4、I’ll have Mr. Perkin call you back as soon as he is available.

翻译大一下学期

Unit7 汉译英 1. 警察放大了失踪女孩的照片，这样他们能容易认出她。(Use "have + object + V-ed" structure) The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily. 2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。(rather than, no exception) When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception. 3. 这位老人见到自己的孙女走进屋时站了起来，竟意想不到地移动了几步，就好像他能行走了似的。(get to one's feet, as if) When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house (Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself. 4. 当时我们的注意力全集中在那幅画上，没有注意到四周有什么异样情况，所以也不能提供任何额外的细节。(focus on, additional details) At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can't offer any additional details. 5. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。(commit) The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months. 6. 无论这个问题多么令人讨厌，它都是我们必须正视的问题。(no matter how) It's a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is. 英译汉 1. Experience told him that a woman's natural instinct was to defend herself rather than hurt the attacker. 经验告诉他，妇女的天性是保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。 2. The room is looking much better since she had the walls repainted. 自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。 3. Teenage crime was out of control in many parts of the country, and this city was no exception. 在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。 4. Weeks after the robbery, he was afraid to go outside, fearing that he would come face to face with the robber a second time. 抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。 5. The victim described to the policemen how a man, who suddenly emerged from the shrub, robbed her. 受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。 6. For many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception. 如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。 Unit9

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程1学生用书答案大一课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1. sentences 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/ purchase it? 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. 2. passage translation To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English. Unit 2 1. Translate the Sentences 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose. 2) Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly. 3) Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school. 4) Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life. 5) In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs. 2. Translate the passage With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals,

英语翻译理论与实践

第二讲 原句：I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. 译文：我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。 原文：There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. 译文：吸烟肯定与肺癌有关，但这并不能使你感到太不舒服，因为吸烟的人不止你一个。 原文：Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking. 译文：德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。 He is the last man to come. He is the last man to do it. He is the last person for such a job. He should be the last (man) to blame. 原文：John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 译文：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。 Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 死译：one-to-one translation: each SL word has a corresponding TL word. 硬译：word-for-word translation: Transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meanings of all the SL words, into translation. It is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences. Literal translation goes beyond one-to-one translation, ranges from one word to one word, through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence. Literal translation is the basic translation procedure both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there. ---by Newmark Liberal Translation mainly conveys the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of speech. 原文：我们的朋友遍天下。 错译：Our friends are all over the world. 译文: We have friends all over the world. 单词

新视野大一下学期英语翻译

一单元A 1.She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 他们利润增长，部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 1. I don't think that he would commit robbery, much less would he commit violent robbery.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average, whereas women only seven dollars.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3. Once the balance in nature is disturbed, it will result in a number of possible unforeseeable effects.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4. The final examination is close at hand; you'd better spend more time reading.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5. What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to identify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6. A recent survey showed that women account for 40 percent of the total workforce.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%. 二A 1. Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。 2. Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。 3. The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。 4. He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 5. The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。 6. This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。 B 1. They persisted in carrying out the project despite the fact that it had proved unworkable at the

【太原理工大学现代科技学院】大一英语翻译句子

1.你愿意把你的经验和组里的其他人分享吗？ Would you like to share your experience with the rest of the group? 2.你父亲如果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。 If your father were still alive,he would be very proud of you. 3.她开车转弯上了自家的车道(driveway)，不料发现路已被堵塞(block)。 She turned up the driveway,only to find her way blocked. 4.他没有告诉任何人就走了，因为他不想卷入那件事He went away without telling anyone,because he didn’t want to get involved in that matter. 5.最终，产品的成功还是取决于高明的销售手段Ultimately,the success of the product depends on good marketing. 1.我发觉自己对英语口语有着浓厚的兴趣。 I found myself having great interest in spoken English. 2.驱车行驶在高速公路上，我意识到近几年来，中国的公路系统发生了巨大的变化。 Driving on the expressway,I realized that enormous changes had taken place in China's highway system in recent years. 3.我简直不敢相信他这么快就学会了操作计算机。 I can hardly believe that he has learned how to work a computer so quickly/in such a short time. 4.三年的时光已经过去，这一刻终于来临了：不到两周我就要回国了。 Three years have passed by and the final moment has come./After three years,the time has come. In less than two weeks,I will return home/go back to my country. 5.许多我认识的人都迫不及待地想要出国，而我却宁愿和家人一起呆在国内。 I know a lot of people who can't wait to go abroad, but I prefer to stay with my family in my own country. 1.我们急匆匆地赶到火车站，结果发现火车刚刚开走。We hurried to the railway station,only to find the train had just left. 2.你和你哥哥都不是细心的人，你们两个都不能做这件需要细心和技巧的工作。 You are no more careful than your brother.You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill. 3.多一个人参会对会议安排不会有什么影响。 One more person wouldn’t make any difference to the meeting arrangements. 4.他一直工作到昨天深夜，或者更确切地说，是到今天凌晨。 He worked till late last night,or rather,early in the morning. 5.“还有其他一两本书也值得一提，”教授给我们列了一个长长的参考书目后补充说。 “A couple of other books are also worthy of mention,”added the professor after giving us a long list of reference books. 1.并不是我不喜欢那个工作，而是我没有时间去做。Not that I dislike that job,but that I have no time to do it. 2.成功不是没有惧怕，而逆境也不是没有希望。Success is not without fear,and adversity is not without hope. 3.如果你就想要一份工作，我可以给你提供。 I could get you a job here if that’s what you want. 4.他们的钱花完了，不得不放弃这个项目。 They ran out of money and had to abandon the project. 5.直到1972年这个建设项目才最终结束。 It was not until1972that the construction project finally came to an end. 1.这钢琴有些不对劲，但是我无法说清楚。Something is wrong with the piano,but I can't put my finger on what it is. 2.这条裤子不但太大，而且也与我的夹克不相配。Apart from being too large,the trousers don't match my jacket,either. 3.不论理由是什么，反正我喜欢流行音乐。 I love pop music,for whatever reasons. 4.他对外国文化怀有浓厚的兴趣，经常博览群书以寻找有用的信息。 He has great interest in foreign cultures,often browsing through piles of books to look for any useful information. 5.在是否要创办一个新社团的问题上，我们意见很不一致。 Opinions on whether we should open up a new society vary a great deal.

汉英英汉翻译理论与实践

Clinton is the first black president . 克林顿是第一个重视黑人权益的总统 Clinton is the first woman president. 克林顿是第一个重视妇女权益的总统 1. We want to buy quality steel. 我们要买高质量的钢材。 2. I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of today’s great quality ch allenges: building a high skills/high wage workforce. 我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法，这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术，高薪金的劳动队伍。 3. The president now is on a poverty tour. 总统目前正在访问贫困地区。 4. noise abatement procedures. 抑制噪声的措施 5. She is on her listening tour of New York. 她正在纽约巡回访问，听取群众的意见。 6. Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss. 史密斯教授要离开学校了。这个损失实在是不明智才造成的。 7. The kiss represents the symbolic loss of the most famous American child. 那轻轻的一吻是一个象征，代表这个美国著名的孩子已经长大成人了。Criminal law 刑法； Criminal layer专门处理刑事案件的律师； Criminal attack构成犯罪的攻击； criminally insane 形式法庭鉴定为患有精神病 This is a thought-provokingly different explanation . 这个解释完全不同，但却很能给人启发。 Bryant Gumbel is sometimes favorably compared with Ted Koppel. 人们有时把布来恩特甘贝尔和特德考波尔相比，认为甘贝尔更好。The so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned. 那些所谓的批评者，传媒提到他们时总是泛泛而指，从来不指名道姓。The areas could be profitably rehabilitated. 重建这些地区是有利可图的。 The consensus strategies for managing the world’s forests sustainably. 既能获得各方同意，又能使全球森林得以可持续生长的管理策略。 Men tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated talk, while women enjoy intimate, affectively orientated talk. 男人喜欢公开谈论有具体内容的话题，而女人则喜欢两三个人私下交流感情。 15．The joy of his return 由于他回来而有的喜悦 16. of humble parentage, he began his working life in a shoe factory. 由于出身低微，他的第一个工作是在一家制鞋厂。

《英汉翻译理论与实践》教学大纲

《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 （英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice） 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排（见下表）： 教学内容与学时安排表

2、课程教学目的与要求： 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程，其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅，翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系： 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读，综合英语，语法学，词汇学，英美文化等课程，这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映，它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力，而且它与英美文学，语言学，口译，高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书： 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社（2003年4月第1版）教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text

高中英语句子翻译与写作 第1章 时态

第一章时态 历届试题 1．在过去的几年里，这加工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute…for) (S99) 2．尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) (Ss00) 3．小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help) (S04) 4．他们的新房子离学校很远。(far) (S07) 5．各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to) (S07) 6．前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order) (Ss07) 7．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular) (S09) 8．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。(despite) (S09) I. 一般现在时 1．在公共汽车上李先生总是设法匆匆浏览一下报纸的标题。(glance at) 2．一条装有邮件和食物的小船一星期一次航行到那岛上。(go over to) 3．我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 4．晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟。(wash up) 5．我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难的。(have trouble in) 6．不同的国家有不同的问候形式。(form) 7．我们中3／5以上的人喜欢田径运动。(love) 8．大多数学生住在学校附近。(a stone’s throw) 9．有了一台计算机，我们就能更快地做各种各样的工作。(all kinds of) 10．一艘现代化轮船可以在几天内横渡大西洋。(cross) 11．音乐在人类生活中起着重要的作用。(play a … part in) 12．那些孩子中没有一个会演奏乐器。(instrument) 13．他坚持正确的，反对错误的。(persevere) 14．你看起来很累，这音乐将有助于你放松。(relax) 15．缺乏先进的科学技术是一个严重的问题。(1ack) 16．我们用无线电和电视和世界各国人民保持联系。(keep in touch with) 17．巴金全集主要由小说和散文组成。(consist of) 18．那家工厂提供我们各种各样的塑料产品。(provide) 19．每一个人，无论老幼，必须向周围的人学习。(old or young) 20．像英语一样，汉语也有许多谚语。(proverbs) 21．那些学生把大部分零用钱花在书上。(spend) 22．一定有人把我的自行车拿走了，我找不到了。(take) 23．这不仅是我们的卧室，事实上我们什么都在这里干的。(more than) 24．这些年轻人自愿贡献大量时间为老人服务。(volunteer) 25．电脑在科学研究的许多方面替代了人脑。(substitute) 26．我的丈夫和我对音乐有相似的爱好。(similar) 27．有些学生不理解这首诗的含义。(make out) 28．千里之行，始于足下。(start) 29．尽管意见有分歧，他们对维护世界和平有着共同的利益。(in spite of) 30．旅游不仅是一种很好的锻炼形式，也为各国人民之间的文化交流提供了一种重要手段。(in addition to) 31．知识的共享将造福于四面八方的人们。(benefit)

大一英语_翻译题

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