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初中英语语法知识—被动语态的图文解析

一、选择题

1．The flowers ________ every day, or they will die.

A．must water B．can be watered

C．should water D．must be watered

2．Last year, the first made-in-China ballpoint pen tips（圆珠笔笔头）were _________ by Taiyuan Iron（铁）&Steel.

A．divided B．required C．produced

3．—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in China. —I’m sure it will be a great success. A．hold B．will hold C．were held D．will be held

4．I won't leave my office until my work___________.

A．finishes B．will finish C．is finished D．finishing

5．More trees __________ on both sides of the road in our city this coming winter holidays. A．are planted B．were planted

C．will be planted D．have been planted

6．—The classroom is very tidy.

—Yes . it every day.

A．cleaned B．cleans C．is cleaned

7．Mike, you can go out if your homework ________.

A．finish B．finishes C．will finish D．is finished 8．—Do you think the old machine is ____________， grandma?

—Yes, it is _________for carrying water.

A．use; using B．useful; used C．use; used D．useful; use

9．-Hey, Molly, You______ on the phone just now. But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number.

-Oh? I was in the library.

A．wanted B．are wanted C．were wanted D．have wanted 10．—If high-speed railways________in 2019, what will happen to people in Lianyungang?—Lots of people will choose the faster transport.

A．are completed B．were completed

C．will be completed D．have been completed

11．The Seventh CISM Military World Games(军运会)________successfully in Wuhan last month. A．is held B．was held C．will be held

12．— When________ paper invented?

—I don’t know. But I know it is used for writing ________.

A．is; / B．was; on C．was; / D．is; on 13．—Excuse me, sir, smoking ________ in the high-speed train.

—Oh, I'm really sorry. I won’t do it anymore.

A．isn’t allowed B．wasn’t allowed C．doesn’t allow D．won’t allow

14．—Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?

—Well, I’m thinking about the working day.

A．offer B．will offer C．are offered D．will be offered 15．All the kids here .

A．are taken care B．are taken care of

C．takes care of D．are taking care of

16．—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him?

—No problem! I think he _______ to think twice before starting.

A．should be told B．can tell C．should tell D．can be telling 17．—Will you go to Tom’s party?

—No, I __________.

A．wasn’t invited B．didn’t invite C．am not invited D．haven’t invited 18．—__________Chinese widely__________in non-Chinese speaking countries?

—Yes. More and more people are learning to speak Chinese.

A．Is; used B．Does; use C．Has; used

19．I won’t come to the dinner party at Lisa’s house tonight if my brother ______.

A．didn’t invite B．won’t invite C．isn’t invited D．won’t be invited 20．Teenagers should __________to smoke. It’s too bad for their health.

A．not allow B．not be allowed C．allow

21．A year has four seasons and it ______ twelve months.

A．divides in to B．divided into

C．is divided into D．is dividing into

22．The mobile phone________in 1973.

A．invents B．is invented

C．invented D．was invented

23．During the May Day holiday, the Trents went to a beautiful place in China. It _______ “Laoshan”.

A．was called B．called C．is called D．calls 24．—When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre?

—Not until the work________tomorrow.

A．will be finished B．is finished C．will finish D．has finished 25．—Look, what have you done?

—Sorry, I think if I ________another chance, I’ll do it better.

A．give B．will be given C．will give D．am given 26．The first 5G mobile phone ___________ by a Chinese company last year.

A．is produced B．produces C．was produced D．produced 27．—Your hometown is beautiful，and the air is really fresh．

—Yes．Many trees and flowers around here every year.

A．plant B．are planted C．was planted D．will plant 28．Mr. White tells us the calls meeting will be cancelled if no agreement _________ tomorrow.

A．is reached B．will be reached

C．is going to be reached D．has been reached

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除

一、选择题

1．D

解析：D

【解析】

试题分析：此题重点考查被动语态，由于主语是动作的承受者，该句要用被动语态，排除A、C；根据句意：“每天一定要浇花，否则他们会死掉”B答案语气太委婉，因此要用must be+过去分词，故选D

考点：含情态动词的被动语态

点评：该题考查被动语态，做题时首先分析题干的主语是动作的执行者还是动作的承受者，若是动作的承受者就要用被动语态，特别要主语被动语态的结构，be+动词的过去分词2．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：去年，第一批国产圆珠笔笔尖由太钢生产出来。

考查动词词义辨析。divided分；required要求；produced生产。根据句意，可知此处表示“生产”，故选C。

3．D

解析：D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：2022年冬奥会将在中国举行。我相信它会取得巨大成功。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in China.可知主语Winter Olympic Games是动词hold的承受者，而且时间2022是将来的时间，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为：will be+动词过去分词，hold的过去分词是held；结合选项可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。

4．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：我直到完成工作才会离开办公室。

本题考查时态和语态。finishes是一般现在时，will finish是一般将来时，is finished是一般现在时的被动形式；finishing是现在分词或动名词。until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语my work与谓语finish之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选C。

5．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：在即将到来的寒假里，更多的树木将会被种植在我们城市的道路两旁。

考查一般将来时的被动语态。are planted被种植；were planted被种植；will be planted将被种植；have been planted被种植了。根据句中“this coming winter holidays”可以，此处种植树木是将来要发生的事情，所以此处时态为一般将来时；另外tree与plant之间是逻辑上的被动关系，此处使用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be done，结合选项可知C项正确。故选C。

6．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——这间教室非常干净。——是的。它每天都被打扫。

考查被动语态。已知主语it（教室）是clean（打扫）的承受者，且时间状语是every day，则题干应用一般现在时的被动语态，即is+动词的过去分词。故选C。

7．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

句意：Mike，如果你的作业做完了，你可以出去。

考查条件状语从句及被动语态。finish完成，动词原形；finishes第三人称单数形式；will finish一般将来时；is finished被动语态。此句是if引导的状语从句，主句含有情态动词can，从句用一般现在时；homework与finish之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。故选D。

8．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

句意：—你认为这个旧机器有用吗，奶奶？—是的，它被用于取水。

using是动名词；use是动词原形；used是过去分词，构成被动语态；useful有用的，是形容词作表语，所以第一空用useful；短语be used for被用于做某事，第二空用used。故选B。

9．C

解析：C

【解析】

考查动词的时态和语态的用法。you是want的动作承受者，它做主语，应使用被动语态。根据just now和过去式weren’t，left，was确定使用一般过去时。

10．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：——如果2019年高铁建成，连云港人会怎么样？——很多人会选择更快的交通工具。

考查一般现在时的被动语态。are completed被建成，一般现在时的被动语态；were completed被建成，一般过去时的被动语态；will be completed将被建成，一般将来时的被动语态；have been completed已经被建成，现在完成时被动语态，根据if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则和所给空后面的句子what will happen to people in Lianyungang?可知，应该用的是一般现在时的被动语态，故选A。

11．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：上个月第七届军运会在武汉成功举行。

考查被动语态的时态。主语The Seventh CISM Military World Games(军运会)和hold之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；由last month可知是一般过去时态；is held一般现在时态的被动语态的结构；was held一般过去时态的被动语态的结构;will be held一般将来时态的被动语态的结构。故选B。

【点睛】

被动语态的各个时态。1）一般现在时态的被动语态的结构是am /is are+done，例如：I am asked to study hard by my mother. 2）一般过去时态的被动语态的结构是were/was+done,例如：A new shop was built last year. 3) 现在完成时态的被动语态的结构是have/has

been+done 例如：This book has been translated into Chinese. 4) 一般将来时态的被动语态的结构是will be+ done, 例如：Many trees will be planted next year. 5)现在进行时态的被动语态的结构是am/is/are+being+done，例如：My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

12．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：——纸是什么时候被发明的？——我不知道，但是我知道它被用来写字。

考查时态和介词。根据句意，纸在过去被发明，用一般过去时，故第一空选was。write on the paper意为“写在纸上”，在被动语态中介词不能省，故第二空选on。故选B。

【点睛】

在被动语态的句子中，动词短语自带的介词不能省略。stare at意为“盯着”，在被动语态句子中，例如：No one likes being stared at.

13．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——打扰一下，先生，在高铁上不允许吸烟。——哦，真的很抱歉，我不会再吸烟了。

考查一般现在时的被动语态。isn’t allowed不被允许，一般现在时的被动语态；wasn’t allowed一般过去时的被动语态；doesn’t allow不允许，一般现在时；won’t allow一般将来时。根据句意可知，主语smoking与动词之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，先排除C和D。根据对话的意思可知，这里陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态。故选A。

14．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——如果你被提供这这份工作，你有什么问题吗？——我在考虑工作日。

考查被动语态。根据句意可知，if引导的条件状语从句中，you为主语，offer为谓语动词，可知主语是动作的承受者，故用被动语态，be动词用are，主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时表将来。故选C。

15．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：这里所有的孩子都有人照顾。

考查被动语态及动词短语。take care of照顾，关照，因为本句主语作介词的宾语，故此处of不能省略，此处与主语all the kids是被动关系，故用被动语态，结构为主语+be动词+动词过去分词，因主语为复数，be动词用are，take的过去分词形式为taken，故选B。16．A

解析：A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

试题分析：句意：——汤姆总是对他的学业很粗心。你能帮助他吗？——没问题！我认为他应该被告知在开始之前应再三思考。结合句意，他粗心，因此应告诉他要三思而后行，

故应是被告知，故用被动语态，故选A。

17．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——你会去汤姆的派对吗？——不，他没邀请我。

考查被动语态。wasn’t invited没有被邀请；didn’t invite没有邀请；am not invited没被邀请；haven’t invited没邀请；根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，句子的主语是I，与动词invite之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，而再由句意理解可知，动作invite应该是发生在过去，所以应该用过去时的被动语态，故选A。

18．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——中文在非华语国家广泛使用吗?——是的。越来越多的人正在学习说汉语。

本题考查时态和语态。Is;used是一般现在时的被动形式；does;use是一般现在时的主动形式；has used是现在完成时的主动形式。根据句意，主语Chinese与谓语use之间是被动关系，因此用被动形式。故选A。

19．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：如果我哥哥没有被邀请，我今晚就不来参加丽莎家的宴会了。

本题考查时态和语态。didn't invite是一般过去时的主动形式；won’t invite是一般将来时的主动形式；isn’t invited是一般现在时的被动形式；won’t be invited是一般将来时的被动形式。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时；主语my brother与谓语invite之间是被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动形式。故选C。

【点睛】

不同时态的被动形式要掌握好。一般现在时的被动形式是is/are+过去分词；一般过去时的被动形式是was/were+过去分词；一般将来时的被动形式是will be+过去分词；过去将来时的被动形式是would be+过去分词；现在完成时的被动形式是has/have been+过去分词；过去完成时的被动形式是had been+过去分词；现在进行时的被动形式是am/is/are+being+过去分词；过去进行时的被动形式是was/were+being+过去分词。

20．B

解析：B

【解析】

【详解】

句意：青少年不应该被允许吸烟，这对他们的健康不好。

考查被动语态。句中teenagers与allow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用被动语态，结构

为be done，allow的过去分词为allowed；根据第二句中“It’s too bad for their health.”可知，吸烟对他们的健康有害，所以此处是“青少年不应该被允许吸烟”，句中有情态动词should，后加not表示否定，be动词用原形，所以此处使用should not be allowed。故选B。

【点睛】

被动语态的结构是be done，be动词随着时态的变化而变化，如果是含情态动词的被动语态，be动词使用原形，结构为情态动词+be+过去分词，本题中should是情态动词，后接be动词原形，再接动词过去分词。

21．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：一年有四个季节，它被分成十二个月。

考查动词短语和被动语态。divide（使）分开，divide into把……分成；本句时态为一般现在时，主语为it，指代前句中的a year，与谓语动词divide的关系为被动关系，故用被动语态，一般现在时的被动语态结构为主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他，故选C。

22．D

解析：D

【解析】

句意：移动电话在1973年发明的。考查被动语态。根据主语和语境及句意可知用被动语态，被动语态的构成：主语（动作的承受着）+be 动词的过去分词+sth.+by+动作的执行者；根据时间（1973年）可知用过去式，故be动词用was；所以选D。

23．C

解析：C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：在五一假期里，特伦特一家人去了中国一个叫崂山的地方。

本题考查被动语态。根据句意，it和call为被动关系，且该句讲述一个事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。

24．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：—我们什么时候去体育中心观看篮球比赛? —直到明天完成这项工作才能去。本题是until引导的时间状语从句，且是被动语态，所以用一般现在时态的被动句。所以选B。25．D

解析：D

【解析】

【详解】

句意：——看，你都做了什么？——对不起。我想如果你再给我一次机会，我会把它做得更好。

考查被动语态。if 引导的条件状语从句中，需用一般现在时代替一般将来时，可排除BC选项。从句主语I是动词give的受动者，需用被动语态，故选D。

26．C

解析：C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：第一款5G手机是去年由一家中国公司生产的。

考查被动语态。is produced被生产，一般现在时的被动语态；produces生产，动词三单；was produced被生产，一般过去时的被动语态；produced生产，过去式；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“被生产”，所以应该用被动结构，而时间是last year，所以应该用过去时的被动语态，故选C。

【点睛】

英语中如果句子主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，则需要用被动结构，选择哪个时态的被动结构要看句中的时态标志词或者某个关键词判断。比如本题mobile phone与produce之间是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，时间是last year，所以要用确定用一般过去时的被动语态。

27．B

解析：B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：-----你的家乡很美，空气很清新。----是的。这里每年都种很多树和花。考查一般现在时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are +done。A. plant一般现在时；B. are planted一般现在时的被动语态；C. was planted一般过去时的被动语态；D. will plant一般将来时。根据every year（每一年）可知此句时态是一般现在时，结合句意可知主语是动作的受动者，可是此句语态是被动语态，即此句是一般现在时的被动语态，一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are +done。可知选B。

28．A

解析：A

【解析】

【详解】

句意：怀特先生告诉我们，如果明天没有达成协议，电话会议将取消。本题是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。选项的位

置在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时态，B C选项是将来时态不符合题意要排除。D选项是现在完成时态不符合题意要排除。Reach an agreement达成协议固定短语搭配。agreement is reached协议做主语要用被动语态，故选A。

【点睛】

if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;

条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。

条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；

条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。

在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。如：

We can walk there if we can't find a bus.

If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.

What will you do if you find a panda in danger.

如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件，则主从句大多用一般现在时态。如： If bears are in danger, they attack people.

注意：

在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，if 和条件句位置灵活，可直接放在主句后面，若 if 条件句放句首，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则。

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