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现代大学英语精读5翻译及课后习题答案(5个单元)

现代大学英语精读5翻译及课后习题答案(5个单元)
现代大学英语精读5翻译及课后习题答案(5个单元)

现代大学英语V-4译文及练习答案

女性的职业弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫l.你们的秘书邀请我时对我说你们妇女服务团关注的是女性就业问题,她提议我讲一讲我就业的亲身体验。我是女性,这是事实;我有工作,这也是事实。但我又有什么职业体验呢?这很难讲。我从事的是文学职业,与其他职业相比,当然不包括戏剧行业,在文学职业里几乎没有什么女性体验,我的意思是几乎没有女性特有的体验。多年前,路已开辟出来。许多知名的女性---范妮·伯尼、阿芙拉.贝恩、哈丽雅特·马蒂诺、简·奥斯汀、乔治·艾略特---和许多不知名以及已被人忘记的女性在我之前铺平了道路并指导我向前走。因此,在我从事写作时,几乎没有物质障碍。写作这个职业既受人尊敬又没有危险。写字的沙沙声不会打破家庭的和平,写作也不需要什么家庭开销。花16便士买的纸足够用来写莎士比亚的所有戏剧---要是你有那样的才智的话。作家不需要钢琴和模特,不用去巴黎、维也纳和柏林,也不需要家庭教师。当然,廉价的写作用纸是女性作为作家成功而先于其他职业的原因。

2.我讲讲我的故事,那只是个平常的故事。你们自己设想一个姑娘,手里握着一支笔坐在卧室里。从十点钟到一点钟她只是不停地由左向右写,然后她想到做一件既省钱又省力的事---把那些纸张放进信封,在信封的一角贴上一张一便士的邮票,把信封投进拐角的一个红色邮筒。我就是这样成了一名撰稿人。我的努力在下个月的第一天得到了回报---_那是我一生中非常快乐的一天。我收到了编辑寄来的

一封信,里面装有一张一英镑十先令六便士的支票。为了让你们了解我不值得被称作职业女性,对人生的艰难和奋斗知之甚少,我得承认我没用那笔钱买食物、付房租、买袜子和肉,而是出去买了一只猫,一只漂亮的波斯猫,这只猫不久就引起了我和邻居间的激烈争端。

3.什么会比写文章并用赚得的钱买波斯猫来得更容易?但再想一想,文章得有内容。我好像记得我的文章是评论一部名人写的小说。在写那篇评论时,我发现要想写书评我就必须和某个鬼怪做斗争。这个鬼怪是个女子,在我逐渐对她有进一步了解后,我用一个有名的诗歌里的女主人公的名字“家里的天使”来称呼她。就是她,在我写评论时,总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。就是她总是打扰我,浪费我的时间,如此地折磨我,最终我杀死了她。你们年轻快乐的这一代人可能没听说过她---你们可能不知道我说的“家里的天使”是什么意思。我要简单地讲一讲。她有极强的同情心,非常有魅力,一点都不自私,做高难度的家务非常出色,天天作自我牺牲。如果有只鸡,她就吃鸡腿,如果屋里通风,她就坐在风口。总之,她就是这样的人,没有自己的想法和期望,总是准备为他人的想法和期望作出牺牲。首要的是---我不需要这么说--- 她纯洁。纯洁被认为是她的最美之处---她爱脸红,典雅大方。在那时,维多利亚时代后期,每个家庭都有天使。我刚一提笔写字就会遇见她。她那翅膀的影子映在纸上,在屋子里我能听到她裙子沙沙作响。也就是说,我一拿起笔写那位名人的书评,她就会悄悄地溜到我身后悄声对我说:“亲爱的,你是个年轻姑娘,你在给男人写的书写评论。要有同情心,要温柔,要奉承,要说

假话,要使用女性全部的小伎俩。不要让任何人看出你有自己的见解。首要的是要纯洁。”她就这样引导我的写作。下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情,当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我那了不起的祖先,是他们给我留下了一笔财产---比如说每年500英镑吧---这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。我对她发起突然进攻,扼住她的喉咙。我尽最大努力杀死她。要是因此被带上法庭的话,我的辩护词就是我是自卫,如果我不杀死她,她就会杀死我,她会拔掉我进行写作的心。因为我发现在写作时,要是没有自己的见解,不能真实表达人与人之间的关系、道德和性的话,你一本小说的评论都写不出来。依照“家里的天使”,所有这些问题女性都不能公开和自由地讨论。她们必须使用魅力,必须作出让步,更直接地说,她们想要成功就必须说假话。因此,无论何时在纸上感到有她的翅膀或光晕的影子,我就会拿起墨水瓶,向她砸去。她不容易死去,她那非真实的特性对她是极大的帮助。杀死鬼怪要比杀死真实的人艰难多了。在我认为我已杀死她时,她就会悄悄地溜回来。尽管我自己确信我最终杀死了她,但搏斗得很激烈,消耗的时间要比学希腊语语法或周游世界体验冒险经历的时间多多了。但是,这是真实的体验,这种经历在那时会降临到所有女作家的头上。杀死“家里的天使”是女作家职业中的一部分。

4.继续讲我的故事。天使死后,还有什么东西留下来了呢?你们会说留下的是一个简单又普通的物体--- 一个年轻姑娘坐在有墨水瓶的卧室里。换句话说,既然她已经摆脱掉说假话的错误观念,那么这

个年轻姑娘可以做回自己了。噢,什么是“她自己”呢?我的意思是什么是妇女。我向你们保证我不知道,我相信你们也不知道。我相信,只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文艺艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后,她们才知道什么是妇女。这就是我来这里的原因之一,出于对你们的敬重。你们通过实验在向我们展示什么是妇女;你们通过自己的成功与失败在为我们提供重要的信息。

5.下面接着讲我的职业体验。我的第一篇评论赚了一英镑十先令六便土,我用那笔钱买了一只波斯猫。接下来我雄心勃勃,我说,波斯猫不错,但还不够,我一定要有一辆汽车。我就这样成为一名小说家---要是你给人们讲故事他们就会给你一辆汽车,这可是很奇怪的事情。更奇怪的事情是世界上没有比讲故事更令人快乐的事情了,讲故事远比写评论有趣。然而,如果听从秘书的建议,讲述我作为小说家的职业体验的话,我必须告诉你们我的一个很奇怪的经历。要想明白这一点,你们必须想像小说家的意识状态。如果我说小说家的重要愿望是尽量处于无意识状态,我希望我没有泄露行业秘密。他得使自己处于持久的昏睡状态,他想要过一种最安静、最有规律的生活。他希望在他写作时,每天见的人、读的书、做的事都是相同的,这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想,也不会扰乱他的四处探求以及对那令人难以捉摸的东西即想像力的突然发现。我认为这种状态对于男人和女人是一样的。尽管如此,我请你们想像我在迷睡的状态中写小说。请你们想像一个女孩坐在桌旁,手里握着笔,几分钟甚至几小时都未曾动过墨水瓶。当我想到这女孩时,脑海里浮现出一个形象:一个深

深的湖边有一位钓鱼者,他手握鱼竿,沉浸在梦境中。她在让想像力自由自在地在位于无意识的最深层的世界的各个角落畅游。现在这种体验来了,我认为这种体验发生在女人身上要比发生在男人身上平常得多。鱼竿在女孩的手指间快速地转动,她的想像力被冲跑了。想像力搜寻了池塘、池塘的最深处以及最大的鱼生活的暗处。就在这时传来了猛烈撞击声、爆炸声,出现了水花,一片混乱。想像力撞到了坚硬的东西。那个女孩从睡梦中惊醒,她陷入了一种最深刻、最艰难的痛苦状态。不用修辞手段、直截了当地说,她想到了一件事情,一件不适合女人讲的有关身体和激情的事情。她的理智告诉她,男人会感到震惊的。她意识到男人们会如何议论一个敢讲有关激情真话的女人,这使她从艺术家的无意识状态中惊醒了。她再也写不下去了,迷睡结束了,想像力也不再起作用。我认为这是女作家非常普遍的切身体验---另一性别非常传统的观念阻碍着她们。尽管男人们理智上在这些方面给自己极大的自由,我认为他们未必会认识或控制他们谴责女人这种自由时的猛烈程度。

6.这些就是我自己的两种真实体验,我职业生涯中的两个异乎寻常的经历。第一个---杀死“家里的天使”,我认为我已经解决了,她死了。但第二个---真实地讲述我的身体和激情,我认为还没有解决。我认为任何女性都还没有解决这个问题。不利于她的那些障碍还有很强大的力量,也很难给它们下定义。从外表看,什么比写书更容易呢?从外表看,有什么障碍会阻碍女人而不是男人呢?从内心精神方面看,情况颇为不同。妇女还要与许多鬼怪展开斗争。还有许多偏见需要克

服。当然,我认为,女人不用杀死鬼怪,不用击碎岩石就能够坐下来专心写书还需要很长时间。如果在文学领域---女性最自由的职业里情况如此的话,那么在你们第一次从事的新职业里情况又会如何呢?

7.如果有时间,这些就是我要问你们的问题。当然,如果我重点强调我的职业体验的话,那是因为我相信,尽管方式不同,它们也是你们的体验。即使道路名义上是宽阔的--- 没有任何事情可以阻碍妇女成为医生、律师和公务员,但我相信前面仍有许多鬼怪和障碍若隐若现。讨论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的。因为只有如此我们才能共同努力克服困难。除此之外。还有必要讨论我们为之奋斗,为之与难以克服的障碍作斗争的目的。那些目的是什么,对这个问题我们不能想当然,而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。在我看来,在这里,在这个被有史以来第一次从事这么多种不同职业的妇女所包围的大厅里,整个状况都非常耐人寻味,而且还有重要意义。在这个迄今为止专门由男人控制的房子里,你们已经赢得了自己的房间。尽管不可能不付出很大的劳动和努力,你们能够自己付房租了,能够每年挣自己的500英镑。但是,这种自由才刚刚开始,房间是你的,但里面空无一物。房间还需要置办家具,需要装饰物,需要有人与你分享。你准备置办什么样的家具,准备进行什么样的装修,准备和谁一起合用这个房间,有什么条件?我认为这些问题非常重要,非常耐人寻味,因为有史以来你们第一次提出这些问题,第一次自己能够决定这些问题的答案。我非常愿意留下来和你们一起讨论这些问题并找到答案。但今晚不行,我的时间到了,就讲到这里吧。

( 课文练习答案:

I. V ocabulary

A. Look up the following words and phrases. Select the meaning that best suits the sentence in which each appears.

1. the theater, drama, or acting as a profession

2. in a good repute; having a good reputation; well-thought-of; respectable

3. ghostly image or figure; ghost

4. a messenger of God; a person regarded as being as beautiful, good, innocent, etc. as an angel, esp. said of women or children

5. a current of air in a room

6. 1 ) ability, skill or application of a skill;

2) (pl) sly, cunning tricks fine skill or aptitude in creating or expressing what is beautiful, esp. in visual form

7. praise; approval for an act; abiliy or a quality

8. (pl) the money or profit derived from a sale, business venture, etc.

9. (fml) to cause a particular physical condition

10. to look closely and inquisitively

11. a state in which you behave as if you were asleep but are still able to hear and understand what is said to you, similar to the unconscious state 12. in name only

IV. Questions on Appreciation

1.The language that Virginia Woolf uses in the essay is highly figurative and colloquial. She uses a lot of metaphors in the essay to present the obstacles facing professional women.

2. To discuss professions for women in general, Virginia Woolf talks about her own professional expertences. She begins by telling her story how she became a book reviewer by overcoming big obstacles. The purpose of telling her own story is to make the description authentic and vivid. From Para 3 the author alerts her audience that a woman has to overcome great difficulties in order to have her own profession by using a vivid metaphor "killing the Angel in the House".

3. In recounting her first professional experience the author uses a metaphor the Angel in the House. She compares the phantom she has to fight against to the Angel in the House. She uses the vivid metaphor"killing the Angel in the House" to describe her resolution to avoid the traditional woman's role as a sympathizer to men. The original meaning of the word "angel" is a messenger of God and a supernatural being to whom are attributed greater than human power, intelligence, etc. The conventionalized image of an angel is one of a white-robed figure in human form with wings and a halo. When used figuratively, the word means a person regarded as being as beautiful, good. inno cent, etc. as an angel, especially said of women and children.

Since an angel is supernatural and often female, it is appropriate for the author to call the phantom an angel.

4. The author makes the transition between the discussion of her first professional experience and her second one by introducing and answering the question "What is a woman?" in Para 4.

5. "The image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake" is the metaphor the author uses to describe her second experience as

a novelist.

6. In Para 7, the author concludes her speech by raising some important questions concerning the new role of women and the new relationship between men and women. The metaphor used in this paragraph is "a room of one's own". A room is a space, not only for living, but also for creative activity. Here a room is compared to freedom, while the house is compared to the whole society. The implied meaning of the sentence is that through fighting against the Angel in the House, througii great labor and effort, some women have gained a position or certain freedom in society which has been up to now dominated by men.

7. The author concludes her speech by raising some questions which are pbrased figuratively. By these questions, the author alerts her audience that women are now faced with a set Of new questions as "What is the new role of a women?" What should be the relationship between men and women'?" She simply raises these questions in her concluding

remarks of this piece, without attempting to answer them.

8. The whole speech is well organized, clearly presented and vividly illustrated. To discuss professions for women in general, the author talks about her own professional experiences. Sire begins by telling her story how she became a book reviewer by overcoming big obstacles. She outlines the ways in which gender-consciousness affected, or threatened to affect, her writing career. She uses a vivid metaphor "killing the Angel in the House" to describe her resolution to avoid the traditional woman's role as a sympathizer to men. As a novelist, she faces a second challenge. Wishing to remain "as unconscious as possible so that nothing may disturb or disquiet.., the imagination", she was thrown into "a state of the most acute and difficult distress" by the conflict between her own approach to art and the conventional approach which male critics expected her to take. "Fo illustrate this point, she employs "the image of a fisherman lying sunk dreams on the verge of a deep lake". After killing the Angel in the House, the author points out that the obstacles against a woman "are still immensely powerful and yet they are very difficult to define". In conclusion, she states: "You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men... But this freedom is only a beginning; the room is your own, but it is still bare. It has to be furnished; it has to be decorated; it has to be shared. " In the speech, the author gives a clear and convincing presentation of the obstacles facing professional

women.

V. Explain the following in your own words, bring out any implied meanings.

1. If you want to be a musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer, you don't need all this.

2. Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.

3. Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power.

4. It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I do not believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedom in women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women.

5.It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body and passions.

6. Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly

there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.

7. (Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort, ) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society Which has been up to now dominated by men.

VI. Translate the following into Chinese.

A.Phrases

1.指导我向前走2.家庭财力/经济3.扼住她的喉咙4.在无意识的最深层5.不用修辞手段、直截了当地说

6.男性极端的因循守旧7.以什么为条件/在什么样的条件下B.Sentences

1.就是她,在我写评论时,总是在我和我的写作之间制造麻烦。2.下面我要说说多少是我自己决定做的一件事情,当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我那了不起的祖先,是他们给我留下了一笔财产——比如说每年500英镑吧——这样我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。

3.我相信,只有妇女在人类知识所涉及的全部文艺艺术和专业领域中用创造形式表达自己的情感后,她们才知道什么是妇女。

4.他希望在他写作时,每天见的人、读的书、做的事都是相同的,这样任何事物都不会打破他生活的幻想,也不会扰乱他的四处探求以及对那令人难以捉摸的东西即想像力的突然发现。

5.尽管如此,我请你们想像我在迷睡的状态中写小说。

6.她意识到男人们会如何议论一个敢讲有关激情真话的女人,这使她从艺术家的无意识状态了。

7.从内心精神方面看,情况颇为不同。妇女还要与许多鬼怪展开斗争,还有许多偏见需要克服。

8.讨论和界定这些障碍是十分重要的,因为只有如此我们才能共同努力克服困难。

9.那些目的是什么,对这个问题我们不能想当然,而要不断地提出疑问和进行审视。

Ⅷ.Make corrections in the following sentences where wrong prepositions are used.

1.in her way 2.in a draught 3.to that achievement

4. befalling US 5.by the throat 6.of shackles of feudalism 7.at the dog 8.on the verge of tears 9.upon equal terms ’10.to paper

Where_do_we_go_from_here

我们向何处去?马丁.路德.金1.为了回答“我们向何处去”这一问题,我们现在必须明确我们的现状。当初拟定宪法时,一个不可思议的公式规定黑人在纳税和选举权方面只是一个完整人的60%。如今又一个匪夷所思的公式似乎规定黑人只盂交纳一个人应交税的50%,只享受一个人应享受的选举

权利的50%。对于生活中的好事,黑人大约只享有白人所享受的一半;而生活中的不愉快,黑人却要承受白人所面对的两倍。因此,所有黑人中有一半人住着低标准的住房。并且黑人的收入只是白人的一半。每当审视生活中的负面经历时,黑人总是占双倍的份额。黑人无业者是白人的两倍。黑人婴儿的死亡率是白人的两倍,从黑人所占的总人口比率上看,在越南死亡的黑人是白人的两倍。2.其他领域也有同样惊人的数字。在小学,黑人比白人落后一至三年,并且他们的被白人隔离的学校的学生人均所得到的补贴比白人的学校少得多。20个上大学的学生中,只有一个是黑人。在职的黑人中75%的人从事低收入、单凋乏味的非技术性工作。3.这就是我们的现状。我们的出路在哪里?首先,我们必须维护自己的尊严和价值。我们必须与仍压迫我们的制度抗争,从而树立崇高的不可诋毁的价值观。我们再不能因为是自已黑人而感到羞耻。几百年来灌输黑人是卑微的、无足轻重的,因此要唤起他们做人的尊严绝非易事。4.甚至语义学似乎也合谋把黑色的说成足丑陋的、卑劣的。罗杰特分类词典中与黑色相关的词有120个,其中至少60个微词匿影藏形,例如。污渍、煤烟、狰狞的、魔鬼和恶臭的。而与白色相关的词约有134个,它们却毫无例外都褒嘉洋溢,诸如纯洁、洁净、贞洁和纯真此类词等。白色的(善意的)谎言总比黑色的(恶意的)谎言要好。家中最为人所不齿的人是“黑羊”,即败家子。奥西.戴维斯曾建议或许应重造英语语言,从而教师将不再迫不得已因教黑人孩子60种方式蔑视自己而使他们继续怀有不应有的自卑感,因教白人孩子134种方式宠爱自己

而使他们继续怀有不应有的优越感。5.忽视黑人对美国生活的贡献从而剥夺其做人的权利的行径,早如美国诞生之时最早的史书所记,近如每日晨报所载,已有近200年之久。为了挫败这种文化封杀,黑人必须奋起申明自己高贵的人格。任何忽略这一要点的为黑人争取自由的运动都将行色匆匆,行将就木。只要心灵被奴役.肉体就永远不会得到解放。心理上的自由,即强烈的自尊感,是战胜肉体受奴役的漫漫长夜最强有力的武器。林肯的《斛放宣言》和约翰逊的《人权法案》都不能完全带来这种自由。黑人惟有发自内心并用坚定的人格的笔墨签下解放自己的宣言才会得到解放。黑人必须竭尽全力以自尊自重的精神大胆抛弃自我否定的枷锁,对自己、对世界说,“我非等闲之辈。我是人。我是一个有尊严、有声誉的人。我有丰富而非凡的历史。耶是一段多么痛苦的受剥削的经历。是的,我从祖先那里继承了我的奴隶身份,但我并不为此感到耻辱。”是的,我们必须站起身来说。“我是黑人,我因黑而美。”黑人需要这种自我肯定,而白人对黑人所犯下的罪行使得这种自我肯定更显必要。 6.另一个主要的挑战是在经济和政治上如何增强我们的实力。毋庸置疑,黑人极其需要这种合法的权力。其实黑人所面临的一个严峻的问题就是权力匮乏。从南方的老种植园到北方较新的居留地,黑人一直被迫过着一种无声无息且无权无势的生活。由于被剥夺了决定自己生活和命运的权利,他们只能对这个白人权力机构做出的专断的、有时是匪夷所思的决定听之任之。那些种植园和居留地是由掌权的人开辟的,既可限制那些无权的人又可使他们的无权状况延续下去。因此,改变居留地的

问题就是权力的问题---要求改变的权力和致力于维持社会现状的权力这两种力量之间的冲突。对权力的恰当的定义即权力指实现目的的能力。它意指能引发社会、政治、经济变化所需的力量。沃尔特.罗依德曾为权力下过定义。他说,“权力就是像汽车工人联合会这样的工会能使像通用汽车公司这样的世界上最强大的公司想说‘不’时说‘是’的能力。这就是权力。”7.现在我们中有许多人是传道者,且我们所有的人都有自己的道德信念和所关心的事,因此经常与权力有冲突。如果使用得当,权力并没有什么问题。然而,问题是有些哲学家曲解了它。历史上的一大问题就是常把爱和权力的概念对立起来---把它们看作两极化的对立面---结果爱意味着放弃权力,而权力则意味着对爱的摒弃。8.正是这种曲解使研究权力欲望的哲学家尼采拒绝基督教的爱的概念,又是这种曲解诱使基督教的神学家们以基督教的爱的思想的名义拒绝尼采的有关权力欲望的哲学。现在我们必须得把这一曲解改正过来。这需要认识到没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的,而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白,无力的。最理想的权力是实现公正所需的爱,最理想的公正是改正任何阻挠爱的权力。这就是我们走向未来时必须要理解的。事实表明在我们国家我们曾对此有过误解及模糊认识.并因此导致了美国黑人试图用没有爱和良知的权力实现他们的目标。9.这使得今天为数不多的极端分子倡导黑人应从白人手中谋求夺取他们曾深恶痛绝的毁灭性的、无良知的权力。正是这种不道德的权力和毫无权力的道德的冲突导致了我们这个时代的主要危机。lO.我们必须制定计划推动我们国家实

现有保障的年收入。倘若是在本世纪初提出,这种建议或许会因为有损主动性和责任感而受到嘲笑和谴责。当时经济地位被看作是衡量一个人的能力和才能的标准。因此以那时的衡量标准,财物匮乏表明缺少勤劳的习惯和是非观念。在对人的动机和我们的经济体制无序运作的理解上,我们已取得了很大的进步。现在我们懂得是我们的经济市场运行混乱、歧视盛行才使得人们无所事事,从而使他们违背自己的意愿长期失业或不断失业。今天,我希望出于良知,穷人将不再像从前那样因被标榜为卑微或无能而常常被解雇。我们还必须懂得无论经济如何快速发展都无法消除一切贫困。11.这一问题表明我们的工作重点必须是双重的。我们既要提供全面就业又要创收。无论如何,要想尽一切办法使人们成为消费者。一但他们处于这样的位置,我们就必须关注个人的潜力不被浪费。我们应为那些找不到传统工作的人开拓新的对社会有益的工作。1879年亨利·乔治在他所著的《进步与贫穷》一书中就预见了这样的事态。

12.事实上,人们从事改善人类处境的工作,从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。这与奴隶被迫做工有所不同。奴隶做工不是被任务本身或工头所迫就是出于动物本能,而这种工作是它本身能为生活带来保障,并创造一种消除了匮乏的社会形态。

13.倘使能大规模地增加这种工作,我们可能会发现如果把住房和教育放在消除贫困之后,那么住房和教育问题会随着贫穷的消除而有所改善。被改造成消费者的穷人会依靠自已的力量大举改善其恶劣

的住房状况。当有了额外的金钱这一武器,饱尝贫穷和种族歧视双重痛苦的黑人在他们反歧视的斗争中将会收到更大的成效。14.此外,广泛的经济保障必然会带来许多积极的心理上的改变。当命运掌握在自己的手中,并有财力寻求自我提高时,人的尊严就会达到巅峰。当不再用金钱的天平不公正地衡量一个人的价值时,夫妻子女间的冲突就会减少。15.现在我们的国家有此财力。约翰·肯尼斯·加尔布来斯说每年只需200亿美元就可以实现有保障的年收入。今天我想在此告诉你们,如果我们国家一年能花掉350亿美元在越南发动一场不公正的邪恶的战争,200亿美元把人送上月球,那么它就能花费几十亿美元帮助上帝的孩子自立于这个世界。16.现在,简单地说,我们必须重申我们的非暴力承诺。我想强凋这一点。近期所有的黑人骚乱表明暴力在争取种族平等的斗争中是徒劳无益的。昨天我试图分析这骚乱及其缘由。今天我想揭示其另一面。诚然,骚乱总是有些令人悲伤痛苦。人们经常可以看见尖声大叫着的青年人和愤怒的成年人绝望而盲目地与不可能战胜的困难作战。然而,在他们内心深处可以看见自我毁灭的欲望,一种自绝于世的渴望。17.时有黑人争辨说1965年的瓦特骚乱和其他城市的骚乱代表着有效的人权行动,但当问到这些骚乱最终取得了什么具体的收益时,那些持此观点者则支支吾吾、无以应答。那些骚乱顶多从被吓坏了的政府官员那里得到少量额外的扶贫金和几处给居留地的孩子们降温的喷水设施。这就像给仍关在铁窗后的人改善监狱的伙食一样。没有任何骚乱能像有组织的抗议示威那样赢得实实在在的改进。当试图请提倡暴力者说明

什么做法会是有效的时,回答总是明显地不合逻辑。有时他们谈论颠覆种族政府和地方政府,继而谈论民兵战争。他们不懂除非政府已失去武装部队的支持和对其有效的控制,没有任何内部革命能够通过暴力成功地推翻政府。任何有理性的人都明白这在美国是绝不会发生的。当面临种族暴力的局势时,权力机构可以支配地方警察、州警察、国民警卫队直至军队---所有这些武装大部分是由白人组成的。此外,除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持,不和他们对抗,否则暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。尽管卡斯特罗可能实际上只有为数不多的古巴人在山上与他并肩作战,但是倘若他没有得到绝大多数的古巴人民的同情他就绝不可能成功地推翻巴蒂斯塔政权。

18.显而易见.美国黑人的暴力革命不会得到白人甚至大多数黑人的同情和支持。现在不是进行浪漫的幻想和对自由进行空洞的哲学论辩的时候;现在是行动的时候。我们需要的是寻求改变的策略,一个能使黑人尽快地融入到美国的主流生活的高明方案。迄今为止,只有非暴力运动为此提供了可能。如果不能领悟到这一点,我们就不能真正解释、回答、解决问题。

19.因此今天我想告诉你们我仍坚持非暴力这一原则,因为我仍坚信它是黑人在这个国家争取公正的斗争的最有效的武器。另外因为我企盼一个更美好的世界。我企盼公正。我企盼兄弟情谊。我企盼真理。当一个人有此企盼时,他绝不会倡导暴力。因为暴力可能除掉一个凶手,但却不能消除谋杀。暴力可能除掉一个骗子,但却不能缔造真理。暴力可能除掉一个仇人,但却不能消除仇恨。黑暗不能驱除黑

暗,只有光明才能驱除黑暗。

20.我还想告诉你们我已决意继续以爱为本。因为我知道爱是最终解决人类问题的惟一答案。因此,无论走到哪里我都会谈及此话题。我知道今天在某些圈子里这是一个不受欢迎的话题。我所谈及的爱不是情感纠葛,而是较高层次的强烈的爱。因为我看到了太多的恨。在南部县治安官的脸上看到了太多的恨。在南部太多的三K党人和太多的白人政务会委员的脸上看到了对我的恨。因为每当我看到这种恨,我知道这对他们的脸和人格都有影响,我会对自己说,恨是一个令人难以承受的负担。因此我已决意以爱为本。倘若你在寻求最高层次的德行,我想你可以在爱中找到。美妙的是当我们这样做时,我们正远离是非,正如约翰所示,上帝就是爱。心存怨恨的人不识上帝,倒是心中有爱的人最终能够开启通向现实的大门。

21.在我结束这篇讲话前,我想告诉你们,当我们淡论“我们向何处去”时,我们应当真诚地面对这一事实:这一运动必须解决重建整个美国社会这一问题。我们现有4000万穷人。总有一天我们必须提出这一问题:“美国为什么会有4000万穷人?”当你开始问这个问题时,你在质疑经济体制和更大范围的财富分配。当你问及这一问题时,你开始质疑资本主义经济。我的意思是,越问越会问及整个社会。我们有责任帮助那些在人生市场上沦为乞丐的失意的人。但我们终将会意识到一个制造乞丐的社会需要重建。这意味着必须质疑。我的朋友们,当你这样做时,你开始质疑“谁拥有石油?”你开始质疑“谁拥有铁矿?”你开始质疑“为什么在一个2/3被水覆盖的世界上人们

现代大学英语精读3_第二版_unit1、2课文翻译

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大学英语精读5答案 【篇一:大学英语精读5课后翻译答案】 量的词汇对于达到一门外语的流利程度是至关重要的。一个非官方的但却是经常被引用的有关剑桥处级证书英语考试cambridge first certificate examination的数字表明,词汇量少于三千五百词的学生不大可能在这项考试中成功。最近的研究也表明,其母语为英语的受教育至18岁或18岁以上的人至少认识一万六千个英语词。除非你已经会讲一种像西班牙语或德育这样的语言,要获得打的英语词汇是没有捷径可走的:你就得依靠勤奋和专注,当然,你可以从上下文猜出你阅读中遇到的一些生词的意思,但往往你得查字典才能搞清他们的确切意思。一个切实可行的学习新词的方法或许就是大量阅读,最好是读那些你觉得有趣或刺激的故事。反复阅读同一本书常常是很有好处的:你每赌一次都会学到不同的生词,而熟悉的背景又有助于将这些新词牢牢地印在你的脑海中。 mastering a large number of words is essential to achieving fluency in a foreign language. an unofficial, but often quoted, figure for the cambridge first certificate examination suggests that students with a vocabulary of less than 3,500 words are unlikely to be successful in the exam. current research also suggests that native english speakers who have been educated up to 18 years old or beyond know at least 16,000 english words. and unless you already speak a language like spanish or german, there are no shortcuts to a large vocabulary in english: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. a practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. it often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind. unit 2 我认为向他求助是不现实的。实际上,他自己也需要帮助。

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