2016年北京大学翻译硕士英汉翻译基础考研真题,重点解析

2016年翻译硕士考研指导英汉翻译基础

一、词语翻译：

reciprocal banquet答谢宴会

pop concert流行音乐会

black tea红茶

Red-hot news最新消息

sanitary ware卫生器具

talk show访谈节目，脱口秀

Illegal assembly非法集会

WHO世界卫生组织

Business loan工商业贷款

liberal education文科教育，普通教育

Monetary restraint紧缩银根

Triple crown三重冠

Byzantine Empire拜占庭帝国

CNN美国有线新闻网(=cable news network)

Net speak网络用语

中央情报局CIA Central Intelligence Agency

餐馆勤杂工busboy

军事法庭court-martial

新手jackeroo

核裁军nuclear disarmament

杀人未遂an attempted murder

主题公园

习惯法common law

破产申请bankruptcy petition

经济指标economic indicator

学费减免Tuition-Waiver

半决赛semifinals

百老汇大街broadway

病毒清除程序virus scanner.

桂冠诗人poet laureate

二、语篇翻译：

1、汉译英：

（育明教育注：这次不是古文，是现代文，是钱钟书的文章节选）

西洋的大诗人很多，第一个介绍到中国来的偏偏是郎费罗。郎费罗的好诗或较好的诗也不少，第一首译为中文的偏偏是《人生颂》。那可算是文学交流史对文学教授和评论家们的小小嘲讽或挑衅！历史上很多——现在也就不少——这种不很合理的事例，更确切地说，很不合学者们的理想和理论的事例。这些都显示休谟所指出的，“是这样”（is）和“应该怎样”（ought）两者老合不拢。在历史过程里，事物的发生和发展往往跟我们闹别扭，恶作剧，推翻了我们定下的铁案，涂抹了我们画出的蓝图，给我们的不透风、不漏水的严密理论系统搠上大大小小的窟窿。通常说“历史的教训”，仿佛历史只是严厉正经的上级领导或老师；其实历史也像淘气捣乱的小孩子，爱开玩笑，捉弄人。

2、英译汉

One day,in the autumn of1845,I accidentally lighted on a MS.volume of verse in my sister Emily's handwriting.Of course,I was not surprised,knowing that she could and did write verse:I looked it over,and something more than surprise seized me--a deep conviction that these were not common effusions,nor at all like the poetry women generally write.I thought them condensed and terse,vigorous and genuine. To my ear they had also a peculiar music--wild,melancholy,and elevating.

My sister Emily was not a person of demonstrative character,nor one on the recesses of whose mind and feelings even those nearest and dearest to her could,with impunity, intrude unlicensed;it took hours to reconcile her to the discovery I had made,and days to persuade her that such poems merited publication.I knew,however,that a mind like hers could not be without some latent spark of honourable ambition,and refused to be discouraged in my attempts to fan that spark to flame.

Meantime,my younger sister quietly produced some of her own compositions, intimating that,since Emily's had given me pleasure,I might like to look at hers.

I could not but be a partial judge,yet I thought that these verses,too,had a sweet, sincere pathos of their own.

We had very early cherished the dream of one day becoming authors.This dream,never relinquished even when distance divided and absorbing tasks occupied us,now suddenly acquired strength and consistency:it took the character of a resolve.We agreed to arrange a small selection of our poems,and,if possible,to get them printed.Averse to personal publicity,we veiled our own names under those of Currer, Ellis,and Acton Bell;the ambiguous choice being dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine,while we did not like to declare ourselves women,because--without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what is called'feminine'--we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice.

考研学习规划

第一阶段：预热（3月1日至7月1日）

预热原因：

育明教育老师认为考研复习比较理想的时间长度是6-9个月，因此从3月开始比较科学。如果复习的时间太长，容易导致后劲不足。正所谓“强弩之末势不能穿鲁缟”。这是无数学子的血泪教训。

重点任务：

1.收集考研信息，包括所报考专业的未来发展趋势、就业难易程度、所报考专业的难易程度、所报考学校的录取率、资料。毕竟考研所需关注的点无非就两个：一是考研成功的可能性，二是研究生毕业后的

就业问题。

2.根据所收集到的信息决定所报考的学校和专业。对于这一点，育明教育团队认为，选择学校和专业的方案有两个：一是，选择尽可能好的学校，如北大、清华、人大、中传、北影、中央财经、南开、复旦，专业可以稍微差一点；二是，选择尽可能好的专业，如金融、经济、电影、新闻、法学、计算机、自动化等，学校可以差一点。这样的好处是，以后方便就业，具体的原因分析请关注之后的相关文章。

3.购买参考书，慢慢熟悉所考专业。这个时候学校课程还比较多，且处于学期末，考试又比较多，学校事情繁杂，无法全身心的投入，所以以“预热”为主。不易过快进入紧张的复习状态。

4.掌握学习的方法、了解复习的重点，为下一步全面展开复习，奠定坚实的基础。这一点至关重要，很多考研学生最后没有考出理想的成绩，不是因为没有努力，更不是付出不够，而是方法不得当，重点没把握好。这一任务的实现，一般需要有考研经验的师兄师姐的帮助。这一点也是育明教育专业课授课的重点之一。

5.制定复习计划。一个完备的复习计划是考研成功的“寻宝图”。没有好的复习计划，只能每天手忙脚乱的复习，昏昏然，却没有丝毫进步的感觉。

6.在整个过程中，数学和英语都要一步步的安排复习。数学以知识点的掌握为主，通过做题积累知识点。英语，主要以单词和真题为主，真题要每做一套就分析透彻。专业课的复习，主要以掌握参考书的目录和框架为主，不需要去费力的记忆。

第二阶段：发力（7月1日-10月1日）

发力原因：

育明教育（https://www.sodocs.net/doc/639360356.html,）咨询师认为，这个阶段时间比较充裕，没有学校里的繁杂事情影响，可以安心的投入复习。抓住这个阶段，就成功了一半。

重点任务：

以英语、数学这些需要长期练习的科目为主。尤其是英语，在不放松单词等基本知识积累的同时，“以真题为纲”进行复习，把每一套真题彻彻底底的分析明白，真真正正把握住出题人每一道题的出题意图。

专业课复习要有计划的进行，这一阶段要开始有计划的进行知识点的记忆。争取完成第一轮的复习。达到的效果是，对每个知识点做到能够基本记住。

第三阶段：坚持（10月1日-12月1日）

坚持原因：

这是一个考验毅力的阶段，无数前人的血泪经验告诉我们，谁坚持到了最后，谁就能够成功。经过长达三个月的紧张准备，精力和体力都耗费很大，但是“革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力”。加上周围的同学

开始找工作，很多的机会都可能分散考研的经历和时间。这个时候要耐得住寂寞，坐得住冷板凳。毅力不坚定，三心二意，是考研的大忌。很多人没有成功，就是因为机会和诱惑太多了。

重要任务：

这个阶段以专业课为主，辅之以政治、英语、数学。

第四阶段：冲刺（12月1日-初试）

冲刺原因：

育明教育（https://www.sodocs.net/doc/639360356.html,）咨询师认为，到12月初，各个科目都复习到了一定程度，知识的储备也较为充足，开始进入高原平台时期。在一定的时期内会感觉很烦躁，感觉好像什么东西都不会了，这很正常。

如果能够基础坚持下去，多多模拟，多多联系，就可以实现量变向质变的转化。为此，育明教育专业课“冲刺模考点题班”，在晚上安排了模拟考试，对于这一阶段来说，是非常科学的。很多考生，平时背的多，写的少，加之对自己很自信，往往不愿意浪费时间去模拟考试。但是，如果不去正式的进行模拟考试，很难在考研的考场上找到考试的感觉，而且在考场上可能发生的问题，因为没有提前通过模拟考试掌握和解决，以至于被问题和困难打得措手不及。这些很有可能导致半年多的复习，功败垂成。

重点任务：

以政治热点、英语作文、数学真题、专业课真题为主。这是个“模拟练习的阶段”。

第五阶段：调整（初试至复试）

调整原因：

经过长时间的复习，经历几乎被耗尽，需要通过这一段时间加以调整。但是，由于现在考研复试的比重越来越大，平均达到25%以上。因此，这个阶段还是不能够太过于放松。很多人没有把握住这个阶段，结果大意失荆州。万望诸君注意。

重点任务：

1.考研复试，往往以时政为核心，来灵活的考察知识点的应用。因此，这个阶段应该多多收集一些时政热点，并尝试用所学知识去解决。

2.寻找复习的资料。包括老师们最近的讲话、论文等等。

3.准备听力和口语。很多学校，例如北大、人大等复试时考察口语和听力的。

以上“五阶段复习法”，步步为营，按部就班，依次行事，一切尽在掌握中，则考研无忧矣。

二、《育明教育：公共课复习的两个“务必”和两个“坚持”》

育明教育公共课团队

务必要养成多记忆多分析多总结的习惯，务必要坚持以真题为纲的理念。要坚持多看几个版本的真题，要坚持选择那些答案解析全面的参考书。

第一个务必：

首先，无论英语还是政治，很多知识点都是需要去记忆的，尤其是政治。如果能够把基本的知识点记忆牢固，想不得高分都难。

其次，公共课在几年以内基本都是同一批人来出题，即使更换老师，也是循序渐进的；即使是变革性的，那么由于这些年龄比较大的出题人的知识背景等都很相近，所以在出题思路等各个方面也不会有太大的变化。换言之，考试是有规律可循的。同时，育明教育咨询师认为，这一点也适合专业课。

再次，多总结，才能够形成自己的一套比较实用的技巧和方法。别人讲的再好，也是别人的，距离自己能够灵活运用还是有一定的差距的。

第二个务必：

无论是政治英语，还是专业课，都要坚持做真题。真题之外的练习题或者模拟题，和真题相比水平差距太大，而且出题没有思路，不适合来练习考研的答题思路。充其量只适合找答题的感觉和锻炼答题的时间。

第一个坚持：

公共课的真题要多选择几个版本的，以四个为佳。每个老师对真

题的理解和分析是不同的，通过对比，我们或许可以形成自己的技巧和方法，正所谓“兼听则明，偏信则暗”。

第二个坚持：

真题参考书，我们看什么呢？我们看的是他的解答。真题我们做过一遍就可以把答案记住，因此，我们看真题，不是看它选哪个答案，而是看为什么要选择那个答案。不是去想这个题应该选择什么，而是去想出题人想让你选择哪个，或者说，出题人其他三个选项设置的陷阱在哪里。这些才是我们在复习真题，看真题的时候应该做的。

三、《育明教育：考研英语25分作文三步攻略》

英语对于众多考研的学子来说，是一个软肋。考研英语中的作文，分值占到了30%，是相当重要的。但是，每年北京在考研英语作文方面的分数压的是很低的，一般30分的作文，平均分在14分左右。但是，育明教育的学员在这个方面的表现却比较突出，一般都能够达到20分以上。育明教育（https://www.sodocs.net/doc/639360356.html,）公共课辅导团队认为，英语作文复习有三步要走：

第一，总结一套自己的答题模板，但是要区别于市面上常见的模板。第二，把往年的作文答题卡复印20-30份，每次写作文的时候都用这个答题卡，提前进入考试状态。

第三，在分析真题完形和阅读的时候要多留心好的句型和单词，尽量避免用一些中学的词汇。例如，a good number of和a significant number of（源自：2006年考研英语完形）都可以表示很多。但是在

写作文的时候很多同学喜欢用中学的一些词，诸如“many”“much”“lots of”，这样一下子就给阅卷老师暴露了自己的“实力”。以上三点做到了，作文25分以上不成问题。

资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/639360356.html,

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38

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