考研英语历年翻译真题

一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）

Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)

1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.

2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.

3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).

4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.

5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).

6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.

7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

7. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party.

Section VII English-Chinese Translation将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段）

Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)

(1)

The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.

阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。

First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed as he put it, that “there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through painstaking work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.

首先，他总是运用从事实中寻求真理的地。正如他所说的，他坚信“关于宇宙没有东西是不可知的，”并经过艰苦的劳动，了许多在他那个时代被认为是“不可知”的种种现象。而且，当事实证明他的理论是错误的时候，爱因斯坦也从不害怕承认错误。

Second, Einstein’s contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.

其次，爱因斯坦的贡献说明理论工作对科学成就的巨大的重要性。虽然他自己很少在实验室工作，他所发展的各种概念使科学取得了许多进展，从而形成了现代技术。

Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.

第三，爱因斯坦深信科学家必须具有道德和社会意识。这样，他鼓舞了整个一代的科学家，使他们积极参加共产主义运动。

Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius”whose th eories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often

stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had

he never lived.

爱因斯坦在资产阶级的笔下被描绘为一个“天才”，他的理论是如此地难于理解，以致只有少数最杰出的科学家才能懂得。但是，他本人不同意别人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。他的谦逊态度是众所周知的，他常常对来访者强调说，如果没有他的话，别人也肯定能够取得他那样的成就。

Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and hi s other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einstein’s theories, his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.

事实上，爱因斯坦的相对论以及他的其他科学论著稍加研究是不难懂得的。但是除了学习爱因斯坦的理论外，他对于利用科学作为一种工具来解放人类的总的态度是每个人能够学习的，而且也是应该学习的。

(2)

Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The world’s population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000, but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse (废料). One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators (焚化炉). A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.

从现在到本世纪末，将有许多令人兴奋的发展，同样也有许多困难的问题，需要加以处理。也许最为迫切的问题是提供足够的粮食。到2000年世界人口预期将达到70亿，但是科学家们已经培育出各种小麦、稻谷和牲畜的优良品种。他们还在实验只用化合物和水的混合剂来培植作物的技术，到那里就可不需一般的土壤了。世界将面对着的另一问题是处理废物。有一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉。这种方法的一个新发展，可能在将来证明极为有用，即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力。事实是，任何新的能源都将是非常受欢迎的，因为石油已感不足。要解决能源问题，科学家们也许会高潮更多地利用太阳能。

The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics (低温学), are difficult to imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium (液态氦) and other gases into “superfluids” and metals into “superconductors”, making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. The laser, with its beam of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.

诸如激光学和低温学，某些科学领域的可能作用是难以想象的，它们两者已经有若干用途。低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成“超流体”，将某些金属变成“超导体”，使它们没有电阻，从而可以在好些方面改变世界面貌。激光，以它强烈的光束，可在金刚石上钻孔，也可以很好地加以控制来进行难做的眼科手术。问题是它将被大量用于和平的目的呢，还是用途致使的武器。

But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a large number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus (金星) or Mars (火星).

但最惊人的发展也许将出现在宇宙飞行方面。过去的困难之一在于代价太高。但现在航天飞机正在发展，这种航天飞机可以使用多次而不是仅仅一次而已。人类已经到过月球。也许到本世纪末人类对金星或火星等将有一个精细的观察。

二.1981考研英语翻译真题及答案解析

Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (10 points)

1. 这门课我们越学越喜欢。1. The more I study the subject, the more I like it.

2. 这家工厂只能供应我们所需要的百分之三十。

2. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.

3. 他们一直谈到入睡。3. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.

4. 许多人以为电是燃料，但事实上并非如此。

4. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a matter of fact, it is not.

5. 我国的社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。

5. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.

Section VII English-Chinese Translation

Choose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)

(1)

The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政体的) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.

联合王国是一个君主政体的国家。它是英联邦内独立的国家之一(女王被承认是英联邦的首脑)，也是欧洲共同体的成员国。

The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.

联合王国的起源和传统可从组成它的四个部分——英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰——的各个部分找到。英格兰在一千年前统一为一个王国，威尔士则于中世纪时成为这王国的一个组成部分。一六〇三年，英格兰与苏格兰的王位合而为一;一七〇七年两国通过立法，规定设立一个单一的、在英格兰和威尔士以及在苏格兰均享有最高权力的大不列颠国会。爱尔兰与英格兰王国自十三世纪起已有联系;一八〇〇年由于爱尔兰国会并入大不列颠国会，联合王国的创建便告完成。一九二二年，南爱尔兰(现在的爱尔兰共和国)成为一个自主的国家。

北爱尔兰的六个郡已于一九二〇年被授权成立自己的、在联合王国国会之下的议会，并投票表决留在联合王国内。

The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London —with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (选举区) —therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.

在伦敦威斯敏斯特的联合王国国会——它有一个选举出来的、由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰各地选区所产生的议员组成的议院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和传统的人民。它具有最高的政府权力和立法权，但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顾不同地区的特殊需要。

England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.

英格兰和威尔士以及苏格兰两者各有不同的法律制度，不同的法院系统，不同的教育制度，不同的地方政府制度，并且设有不同的政府部门来处理大部分的内部事务。

(2)

As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines —namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something must be done about it.

随着更多的人住得更近，随着他们使用各种机器而获得闲暇，他们发现他们的空暇，甚至他们的工作时间都受到他们机器的一个副产品——即噪音——的严重影响。现在新闻报导中经常谈论噪音;它已取得了政治地位，公众舆论也越来越坚持要求采取一定措施来对付噪音。

To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather that late), and finally, technical knowledge.

要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我约束(使人烦恼的事常常是由于缺乏普通的礼貌引起的)，一种均衡感(如果要制止噪音，通常会引起利害冲突)，化钱(早化钱比晚化钱经济得多)，最后还有技术知识。

Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noise-meter”, vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.

技术往往是由于问题的主客观性质引起的。你可以根据速度计上指针所指的读数来确定一辆汽车的超速。可是，你能用同样的方法来确定超量的噪音吗?你会发现，被认为噪音相同的车辆，在任何现有的简单“噪音计”上显示的读数可能大不相同。

Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.

虽然消除噪音的最理想方法是产生的根源处消灭它，但在很多情况下，这也许是不可能的。其次的补救办法是将混音在它到达耳朵的过程中吸收掉。

Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously trough residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at its airports — and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.

家里的噪音或许可能通过事先的考虑与谦让加以控制，工业噪音则可能通过良好的规划与技术的改进加以控制。但是，如果我们允许高速摩托车与重型内燃机卡车经常不断地通过住宅区与商业区，那么这些地区的全体居民就必须决定他们需要实行的控制措施，因为从长远的观点来看，他们必须为些付出代价。如果一个国家要有现代化的空中运输，它必须参加国际噪音控制措施协定，这些措施它必须责成它的机场予以执行——而在这个问题上，任何真正控制措施的费用要以百万美元来计算。

(3)

About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his

discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.

大约在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了台望远镜，并用它来观察太阳。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃惊又害怕，因为他看到太阳上有一些黑点，这使他立刻联想到上帝创造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。他犹豫不决，不敢把他的发现公布于世。与此同时，其他的科学家也注意到太阳的这个缺陷，并宣布了这个事实。

But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on a single sunspot (太阳黑子) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position, just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long enough to disappear from view on the western limb (边缘) of the sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating and that the time it took to make one complete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were becoming fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of long-term cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe.

但是，伽利略继续进行观测，不久，他的努力获得了另一发现。他把注意力集中在一群太阳黑子上，他发现，在几天内，这群黑子的位置起了变化，宛如太阳本身在转动。后来，他发现有一群黑子在太阳西部的边缘上停留了一段时间才消失，然后在太阳的东部边缘上最后回复原位。此种现象导致他得出这样的结论：太阳本身在旋转，旋转一周约需二十五到二十七天。直，我们从伽利略所画的太阳黑子图中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他观察太阳期间，一定曾出现过大量的太阳黑子。如果在随后的几年中，他继续把这些太阳黑子描画下来，我们相信，他大概一定会发现太阳黑子正在变得愈来愈少和愈来愈小。可是，那时候，他却对其他事物发生的兴趣，因此，他看不到在太阳黑子的活动中存在着一种长期的周期，随着岁月的消逝，太阳黑子会时多时少。后来，发现太阳黑子活动周期的是人是科学史上最有耐心的观察者之一——德国化学家查尔斯·许伟勃。

三. 1982年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)

1. 随着时间的过去，他将会懂得我所讲的话。

1. As time goes on, he will understand what I said.

2. 听说那个地区的工厂比1970年增加了两倍。

2. We have been told that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.

3. 在这个季节保持蔬菜新鲜可不容易。

3. It is hard work keeping vegetables fresh in this season.

4. 只要我们继续努力工作，我们就能提前完成任务。

4. So long as we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.

5. 尽管我们的政治和经济制度存在着巨大差异，我们两国在许多方面有着共同的利益。

5. Despite the great differences between our political and economic systems, our two countries share

a wide range of common interest.

Choose either of the following two passages and translate it into Chinese. (30 points)

(1)In country after country, talk of non-smokers’right is in the air. While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.

In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized. However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress —and is even encouraged. As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in those countries. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa —where U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.

Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. Restrictions on cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. And cigarette price should be boosted.

In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.

(1)不吸烟者的权利问题，正在一个又一个国家里开始议论。至今多数国家很少或还没有采取措施，有三十个左右的国家已经采取法律程序控制吸烟。另一些国家则已制订旨在为不吸烟者净化空气或消减纸烟消费量的多种法律。

在某些发达国家中。纸烟的消费量已渐趋稳定。然而在许多发展中国家里，吸烟却被视为经济发展的一种标志——甚至受到鼓励。随着更多的烟草公司走上国际化的道路，它们在这些国家中寻找新的市场，争取更多的吸烟者。例如美国烟草工业就力图在中东和北非推销香烟——在这些地区，美国烟草出口量在1974年增加了百分之二十七以上。

吸烟对人民健康有害。世界各国政府应该开展认真的反对吸烟运动。限制香烟广告，每包香烟上加印有害健康的警告，以及禁止在诸如影剧院和餐馆等某些公共场所吸烟，这些都是许多国家用以支持不吸烟者和控制吸烟最常用的办法。同时，人们也正把注意力集中在另一项措施上。这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为此感到不安。应该作出巨大努力告诉青年人抽烟的危害性，特别是养成抽烟习惯的可怕后果。而且香烟价格应予提高。

从长远观点看，毫无疑问，如果能完全禁止吸烟，那么每个人的境况将得到很大的改善。但对于采取这种极端措施，人们尚无准备。

(2)Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.

Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioacti vity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.

At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage many not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.

This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.

Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

(2)核能对健康、安全甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词来概括：辐射。

核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘，其部分原因是人类的官能无法觉察到它的存在。尽管我们周围可能都是辐射线，可是我们看不风它，听不到它，摸不着它，也辨别不出它的味道。还有一些和它相类似的东西。例如，我们四周到处都是无线电波，但如果没有无线电接收器，我们就不能探测到或感觉到它的存在。同样，如果不用辐射探测器，我们也不能感觉到放射现象。但核辐射不同于普通的无线电波，它对人类以及其他生物不是无害的。

能级非常高的辐射线能摧毁重要器官里的大量细胞从而把动物或人立即杀死。即使是最低能级的辐射线也能造成严重的损害。不存在任何绝对安全的辐射能级。如果辐射线没有击中任何重要的东西，造成的损害可能不太大。当辐射线只击中少数细胞并且立即摧毁它们的时候，情况就是这样。你的身体能以健康的细胞代替死亡的细胞。但如果这些少数的细胞只受到损

坏，而这些细胞又自行繁殖，那你就会遇到麻烦。它们进行畸形繁殖。它们有可能演变成癌，这种情况有时在许多年之后才能显示出来。

这是核辐射现象带有某些神秘色彩的另一个原因。它可能在损害已经发生而受害者意识不到的情况下造成严重损害。一个人在受到照射时可能感觉良好，结果在五年、十年或二十年后死于癌症。或者小孩一生下来就体弱或易于感染严重的疾病，原因是他的祖父母曾吸收过辐射线。

辐射线能伤害我们。我们应该知道真相。

四.1984年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析

Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)

1.充分利用自然资源来为人类造福的愿望总有一天会实现。

1. The wish of fully utilizing the natural resources for the benefit of mankind will eventually come true.

2. 据我所知，到目前为止，这是他们所能想到的最好方案。

2. To my knowledge, this is the best program they can conceive of so far.

3. 随着科学与技术的普及，电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域中得到应用。

3. With the popularization of science and technology, computer has found an increasingly wide application in all fields.

4. 通过深入的调查研究，他们终于取得了大量的第一手资料。

4. Through and intensive investigation they have finally obtained abundant first-hand information.

5. 在我们的工作中失败是常事，但我们绝不能因此而灰心丧气。

5. In our work it's nothing unusual to be confronted with failures but we should in no way be discouraged on that account.

Section VIII English-Chinese Translation

(1) Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the radio. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and traffic to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many labour-saving devices are powered by electricity. (2) Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fat asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, trolley-buses, and trams take us to and from work. (3) We rarely bother to consider why or how they run until something goes wrong.

One summer something did go wrong with the power plant that provides New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a standstill. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; (4) lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in an instant became as gloomy and uninviting as the most remote back streets. (5) People were afraid to leave

their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.

Meanwhile, similar disorder prevailed in the home. New York can be stifling in the summer and this year was no exception. Cool, air-conditioned apartments became furnaces. Food went bad in refrigerators. Cakes and joints of meat remained uncooked in cooling ovens. (6) People sat impatient and frightened in the dark as if an unseen enemy had landed from Mars. (7) One of the strange things that occurred during the power-cut was that some fifty blind people lead many sighted workers home.

(8) When the lights came on again, hardly a person in the city can have turned on a switch without reflecting how great a servant he had at his fingertips.

(1)

1. 电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是这样的重要，而且现在人们还认为有电是完全理所当然的事，所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时就很少会再去想一想电是怎么来的。

2. 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入睡乡时，电也在为我们工作，它帮我们开动冰箱，帮我们烧水或使我们房间里的空调机保持运转。

3. 在车辆出毛病之前，我们就不会去费脑筋想一下它们为什么会开动或怎样开动。

4. 电梯停了，因此即使你幸而没有被困在两个楼层的中间，你也得去完成一项不愉快的任务：即摸黑往下走几百级楼梯。

5. 尽管警察都已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们还是不敢出门，因为警察也同其它任何人一样感到不知所措和无能为力。

6. 人们焦急不安、惊惶失措地坐在黑暗中，好象有一名来自火星的看不见的敌人已登上了地球。

7. 停电期间所发生的事件中有过这样一件怪事：大约有五十名盲人给许多有视力的职工带路，把他们送回家。

8. 当电灯再亮时，城里的人在揿电灯开关之前，几乎没有一个人不仔细想一想，他随时都能有一个多么能干的个人来为他服务啊。

(2)

A mineral is a material that is mined, not grown. (9) In other words mineral substances which are found on the earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. Some minerals, for example coal and oil, were originally living substances; others, like iron, never had life. (10) Coal and oil are the remains of plants and animals. Crude mineral ores and crude oil must be purified before they can be used.

(11) A stage in human civilization is often called by the name of the substance mainly used at that stage: the Stone Age, the Iron Age, and so on. The level of civilization reached by a society depends on the materials it can use, not only on those which are available. (12) The capacity to use a raw material depends on various factors, such as means of access, methods of extraction, and techniques of processing. In order to be purified, or combined into alloys, metals must be melted. For this purpose they must be placed in containers which can be heated to enormous temperatures. These containers or enclosed spaces are called furnaces. (13) Plants which refine crude ores are often located in countries other than those in which the crude ores are mined.

Although much was known previously about the chemical properties of aluminum and their application to practical uses, (14) it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process.

(15) In the past few decades men behaved as if their supplies of minerals were inexhaustible. (16) But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their "expectation of life," the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.

But in the case of minerals it is especially difficult to give a reliable estimate of reserves because surveys have not been completed and it is not certain that all sources are known. Uranium provides a good example of this fact.

Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (20 points)

(2)

9. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上的而且必须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆炸或类似作业才能获得的物质。

10. 煤和油是植物和动物的残体。原矿石和原油必须加以精炼才能使用。

11. 人类文明的各个时期通常是根据从们在各个时期所主要使用的物质名称而命名的，例如石器时代、铁器时代，等等。

12. 使用原料的能力大小取决于各种因素，例如，获取原料的手段、开采方法和加工技术。

13. 提炼原矿石的厂房设备通常不是设在开采原矿石的国家而是设在其他国家。

14. 直到六十年前人们才发现一种开采铝矿石的方法，从而有可能从中得出一种成本低廉、大规模提炼的炼铝法。

15. 在过去的几十年间，人们对待矿物的态度是：仿佛他们可以永远不断地得到矿物供应。

16. 可是现在他们认识到，其中有些矿物的蕴藏是很有限的，他们甚至还是可较合理地估计出这些矿石“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过多少时间之后，这些矿物的全部书籍矿源和蕴藏量将被耗尽。

五.1985年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析

Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)

1. 这项计划和原来的计划比起来，要完整得多。

1. Compared with the original one, this plan is far more complete.

2. 只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。

2. Only in this way can we catch up with the world's advanced levels in science and technology.

3. 你对下一步该做些什么，清楚了吗?

3. Are you clear about what you should do next?

4. 在旧中国，几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。

4. In old China, there was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.

5. 他在这次旅行中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象。

5. What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.

Choose either of the following two passages. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)

(1)

Television is now playing a very important part in our life. But television, like other things, has both advantages and disadvantages. Do the former outweigh the latter?

In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a comparatively cheap one. (1) For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. (2) They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema, or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. (3) All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match. (4) Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies. The television viewer takes no initiative. He makes no choice and exercises no judgment. (5) He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on his part.

(6) Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers and endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. The most distant countries and the strangest custom are brought right into one's sitting-room. (7) It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. Yet here again there a danger. We get so used to looking at it, so dependent on its flickering pictures, that it begins to dominate our lives.

There are many other arguments for and against television. The poor quality of its programs is often criticized. But it is undoubtedly a great comfort to many lonely elderly people. And does it corrupt or instruct our children? I think we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. (8) It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to society.

(1)

1. 譬如，对于一个四口之家，舒舒服服地坐在家里收看电视，就能看到几乎是数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣便宜得多，方便的多。

2. 他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院，或歌剧院买价钱很高的戏票，结果他们也许还会发现所演出的节目很令人失望。

3. 他们所要做的只是按一下电钮，就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌剧和各式各样的演出，更不用说各种政治辩论和最近举行的激动人心的足球赛。

4. 可是，有些人则坚持认为这恰恰是危险的所在。

5. 看电视的人是完全被动的，他可以毫不费力就能看到所播放的每一个节目。

6. 人们常说，电视能使一个人对时事了如指掌，随时了解科学和政治方面的最新发展。同时还能源源不断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又带有娱乐性的节目。

7. 可能会有人提出无线电广播也同样能做到这一点;但在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。

8. 电视对社会的价值取决于我们怎样去利用它。

(2)

An office is the "Brain" of a business. (9) In an office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. These figures guide the managers by telling them what has happened and what is happening.?

Information comes into an office in all sorts of ways but the main items of information come in regularly. (10) It is part of the job of the clerks to collect and classify that information and to put it into such a form that it is easily interpreted and understood. Offices collect information then they classify it.

This work of collection is common in an office from the sorting of mail every morning to the accountant's work in finding out the final figure for the year's profit. (11) Classification always requires the arrangement of the same kind of information, often into lists or columns. (12) For this work, correctness, accuracy and speed, as in all office work, are essential.

There is no value, however, in collecting figures which mean nothing. Figures are guides which should help we make decisions. (13) The interpretation of information and of tables should tell us where success or failure lies, where profit can be had and where losses occur. (14) On this kind of information and from the known figures, a choice is made and a series of such choices may make a policy.

A firm which has three factories may find, for instance, from its figures, that one factory is losing money and a choice may lie between either a change of manager, a cut in production, an increase in production or closure of the factory. Whichever one of these decisions is taken becomes the policy.

(15) It is clear that a decision leading to a policy can only be as good as the information on which it is based.

Consequently there is a constant search for more and more exact information. (16) Managers will want to have all the necessary facts before they can make the best decision and it is normal for them to seek for more and more information.

(2)

9. 在办公室里，人们将各种数据、表格和资料(信息)加以汇编以便让经理们或企业的主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职

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https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be14018407.html,/new/shengtsinghua 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 省省清华QQ: 867209142 关于一句话万能模板的几个问题： 1.万能，整片模板200多单词，只要写1句话填写3个关键词就可以适合任何一年考研话题作文。 2.高分，里面的遣词造句都是精心之作，句式多变、用词高级、语言地道，正常考生考场上几乎不可能写出如此高水平的作文，得高分在情理之中。 3.节省考场时间，考场上默写一篇背熟的作文要比自己写一篇作文至少节省20分钟，为自己节省宝贵的考研时间用来做其他题目。 4.节省复习时间，有了作文模板就不用再为考研大作文复习花时间。 历年考研 英语翻译题词组汇总 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 文章来源：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/be14018407.html,/new/shengtsinghua 整理：省省清华 1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast 与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论 如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into 走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

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