英语三级翻译

英语三级翻译

㈠英语与汉语的十大区别

1. 英语重结构，汉语重语意

2. 英语多从句，汉语多分句

3. 英语多代词，汉语多名词

4. 英语多长句，汉语多短句

5. 英语多被动，汉语多主动

It is said that…据说…

It has been found that…已经被发现…

It cannot be denied that…毋庸置疑…

6. 英语多变化，汉语多重复

汉语："我认为…我认为…我认为…"

英语：I think…I believe…I assume…

7. 英语多抽象，汉语多具体

disintegration 土崩瓦解

ardent loyalty 赤胆忠心（非常忠诚）

perfect harmony 水乳交融（非常和谐）

on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕

feed on fancies 画饼充饥（靠梦想吃饭）

make a little contribution 添砖加瓦（做小小的贡献）

8. 英语多省略，汉语多补充

9. 英语多前重，汉语多后重

10. 英语多引申，汉语多推理

㈡. 英译中

Ⅰ四步定位翻译法

1. 结构分析

⑴ 判断划线部分是句型

⑵句子主干在哪里，词与词之间是什么关系

*⑶ 看有几个动词（最重要）

2. 句子切分

原则：

⑴ 主干分开，主句与从句分开

⑵ 并列成分分开

⑶ 多个修饰语分开

⑷ 多个从句分开

⑸ 很长的主语和谓语分开

3. 词义推敲

⑴ 把代词译成名词

⑵ 把被动变成主动

⑶ 把变化处理成重复

⑷ 把抽象化为具体

4. 检查核对

⑴ 完整（不要遗漏内容）

⑵ 通顺（逻辑性）

Ⅱ. 具体操作的问题

1. 从句提前

2. 定语提前（如果说不通，可以拆为两句）

㈢汉译英

Ⅰ. 原则

1. 替换原则

肯定与否定的替换

例：他考试失败了。

He failed in the exam.

He did not pass the test.

2. 查找原则

有的词可以在卷面中找到

3. 考点原则

只有两个考点：句型、词组

共同特点：相对固定

Ⅱ. 五大类型

1. 纯词组考查

例：你难道不认为总有一天报纸将被因特网取代？

Don't you think that newspapers will someday give way to the internet.

这个浪漫的爱情故事，一代一代口头流传下来。

By word of mouth, the romantic love story has passed on from generation to generation.

2. 纯句型考察

同级比较考倍数

两倍多 twice as much as

四个大 four times as big as

3. 词组+句型考察

4. 词汇考察

例：朋友是一个在危机时，你能求助的人。

A friend is someone who you can ask for help when you are in trouble.

政府决定把煤转化为煤气。

The government is determined to turn the coal into gas.

5. 语态考察（只有两种*①虚拟②被动）

例：我真希望考试，我没有不及格。

I wish I could have passal the exam.

到了睡觉时间，孩子还在看电视。

It is time children went to bed,but they are still wotching TV.

和看电影相比，我宁愿玩电脑。(虚拟)

Compared with going to the cinema,I would rather played the computer.

要是每次都可以按时下课多好。(虚拟)

If only the class could be over on time each time.

.

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