2017届高考英语二轮专题复习特殊句式讲义

特殊句式

【考纲解读】

根据考纲要求,考生应掌握:

1.强调句型用于强调陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、not...until...句型; 强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句的混合考查;

2.省略要注意主语的省略、谓语或谓语的一部分的省略、宾语的省略、不定式的省略、宾语从句和状语从句中的省略,以及虚拟条件句中if的省略;

3.倒装句为部分倒装和完全倒装;

4.反意疑问句是由“陈述句+简略的一般问句”构成。简略的一般问句通常只用两个词:一个是肯定或否定的be动词、情态动词、助动词,另一个是人称代词。

【考点纵横】

2016年全国卷2015~2016年地方卷

目前

这么考全国Ⅱ卷(祈使句)

●2016年江苏(倒装)●2015年湖南(强调句;祈使句)

●2015年重庆(强调句)●2015年湖南(倒装)

●2015年湖北(倒装)●2015年天津(倒装)

今后怎么考

高考将注重考查特殊句式和其他知识点之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，

在考查强调句型的同时考查定语从句，把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句，地点状语从句的

考查融合到了一起。反意疑问句和宾语从句干扰结合，强调了学生综合把握语法知识的能力。

【考题导引】

1.(2016天津)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _______ the coach picks up tourists.

解析：that 本句是一个强调句型,其基本结构是“It is / was+被强调部分+that+其他部分”。

2.(2016江苏)Not until recently______(do) they encourage the development of

tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

解析：did 考查部分倒装。根据副词recently可知事情发生在过去,用一般过去时。

3．(2015天津)Only when Lily walked into the office ______(do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.

解析：did “only+状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知,要用一般过去时。

4．(2016全国Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,________(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

解析： make 此处是make sure放在句首,表示要求。

5. (2015湖南)Always________(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 解析keep 祈使句一般以动词原形开头,故用keep。

【知识梳理】

一、强调句

1．基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。

It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.

只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。(强调方式状语)

2．一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？

Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?

是因为杰克上课迟到让史密斯先生生气的吗？

3．特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他？

When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?

他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？

4．含有not ... until ...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that ...＋其他。

It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(2013·天津高考单选)

直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。

名师指津：

以上强调句型是对除谓语以外的成分的强调；若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。

The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.

这位科学家真正地把他的一生献给了研究工作。

(一)部分倒装

部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：

1．当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little,

few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。

Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.

不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。

2．当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。

Only when he returned from work did we know the truth.

只有当他下班回来后，我们才知道真相。

3．so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。

(1)“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。

—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.

—So have I.

——我有大量的工作要做。

——我也如此。

(2)“neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。

—Liu Jia can’t answer the question.

—Neither/Nor can Peter.

——刘佳回答不上来这个问题。

——彼得也回答不上来。

4．在so/such ... that ...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。

So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.

他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。

5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。

Hard as they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.

尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。

(二)完全倒装

完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：

1．表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out 等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。

The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.

铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。

2．当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。

Just in front of the bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.

公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。

3．有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。

Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.

出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。

三、状语从句的省略

在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。省略必须具备两个条件：1从句的主语是it或主从句的主语一致；2从句的谓语动词含有be动词。

此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。

①Film has a much shorter history, especially, when (it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting.

电影的历史短得多，尤其是与音乐、绘画这些艺术形式相比。

②Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not turn to him.

除非有必要，你最好不要向他请求帮助。

四、感叹句

感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。

1．what引导的感叹句

What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！

What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

①What a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.

这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。

②What lovely children they are!

他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！

2．how引导的感叹句

How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！

How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！

How＋主语＋谓语！

①How interesting a story it is!

＝What an interesting story it is!

这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！

②How time flies!

时间过得真快啊！

五、反意疑问句

1．陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句

一般情况下，其疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但如果主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess或be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，其疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。

①I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didn’t I?

我告诉他们并非每个人都能像你一样跑得那么快，是不是？

②I don’t think the football team is likely to win, is it?

我认为那支足球队不会获胜，是吗？

2．祈使句的反意疑问句

祈使句后的反意疑问句不表示反问，而表示一种语气。其结构为：

肯定祈使句，＋will/won’t you？

否定祈使句，＋will you？

Let us ...，＋will you？

Let’s ...，＋shall we？

关上窗户，好吗？

②Let’s go to the bookstore, shall we?

我们去书店，好吗？

【考点突破】

考点1 强调句

1．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津，13)

A．who B．which C．where D．that

答案 D

解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是

地点，故空格处应填that。

2．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆，9)

A．while B．though

C．that D．after

答案 C

解析考查强调句。句意为：巴赫于1750年去世，但是他的音乐才能一直到19世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分，本句被强调部分是not until the early 19th century，故选C。

3．It was when we were returning home ________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trou ble.(2015·湖南，21)

A．which B．that

C．where D．how

答案 B

解析考查强调句。句意为：正是在我们快要回到家的时候，我才意识到帮助有困难的人感觉多么美妙！强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。如果强调人，that 还可以改为who，但是强调时间或者地点时只能使用that。

4．Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr.Smith got angry？(2014·四川，3)

A．why B．who

C．where D．that

答案 D

解析考查强调句的一般疑问句。所强调的是原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故选that。句意为：是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的？

考点归纳

强调句型中的6个考查重点：

1．强调句型的疑问句

在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/w ho＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？”结构。

Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?

是不是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴？

When was it that she changed her mind?

她什么时候改变主意的？

2．在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成It is/was not until...that...结构。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。

I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

直到她摘下她的深色眼镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。

3．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。

He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.

他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。

4．强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。

在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。

It was here that he fell off his bicycle.

这里正是他从自行车上摔下来的地方。

5．强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。

当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句则不完整。

It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)

是在14点28分严重的地震爆发了。

It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句)

当严重的地震爆发时是14点28分。

6．强调句型中的反意疑问句式。

在强调句型中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。

It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?

是Mary而不是你想问我那件事，是吗？

考点2 倒装句

1．Not until recently ________ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江苏，34)

A．they had encouraged B．had they encouraged

C．did they encourage D．they encouraged

答案 C

解析考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据时间

状语recently可知本句应用一般过去时。“Not until＋状语”位于句首，句子采用部分倒装语序，因此选C。

2．Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.(2015·天津，3)

A．she realized B．has she realized

C．she has realized D．did she realize

答案 D

解析考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。

3．________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2014·福建，32)

A．Were there B．Had there been

C．If there are D．If there have been

答案 A

解析考查if虚拟条件句中的倒装。根据主句中would have to以及句意可知，本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句应用一般过去时。当虚拟条件句中有had，should，were时，可以将if去掉，然后把had，should，were提到主语前面。

考点归纳

1．部分倒装结构的高考热点：

(1)否定词位于句首的倒装。

表示否定的副词never，nor，neither，表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means(决不)，at no time(在任何时候都不)，not until，not only，no sooner。

Never have I seen such a good performance.

我从来都没见过这么好的表演。

Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist，but he also was a fairly good violinist.

爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。

(2)“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装。

“only＋状语”置于句首时句子要用部分倒装。(强调主语、宾语，句子不倒装)

Only then did I know the truth.

直到那时我才知道真相。

Only in this way can you work out this question.

只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。

Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school.

只有他母亲回来后，他才能够去上学。

(3)so，neither，nor引导的倒装。

用“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”。

Society has changed and so have the people in it.

社会变了，人也变了。

注意：

①当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为“的确，正是”。

—Tom works hard.

—So he does and so do you.

——汤姆工作很卖力。

——的确如此，你也是。

②倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。

If you don’t go，neither/nor shall I．(If you don’t go，I shall not go.)你不去，我也不去。

③表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。

She does well in English，but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.

她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。

(4)as，though引导让步状语从句时的倒装。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略。

Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.

虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。

Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.

虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。

Try as she might，she failed.

虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。

(5)so/such...that 句型中的so/such位于句首时，so/such后的句子倒装。

So frightened was she that she did not dare to move an inch.

她如此害怕，以至于一寸也不敢动。

Such an interesting story is this that I decide to buy it.(that引导结果状语从句，不作成分)

＝Such an interesting story is this as I decide to buy.(as引导定语从句，且作buy的宾语)

这是如此好的小说以至于我决定买下来。

(6)如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should，had，可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。

If you had asked me，I would have told you everything.

＝Had you asked me，I would have told you everything.

假如你问过我，我就会把一切都告诉你了。

(7)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。

May you succeed.

祝你成功！

Long live the Communist Party of China!

中国共产党万岁！

2．全部倒装结构的高考热点：

(1)以here，there，out，in，up，down，away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be，come，go等。

There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain.

山脚下有—条河。

(2)以then，now，thus开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be并且主语又是名词/名词词组。(若主语是代词，则不能倒装)

Now comes your turn!

该你了！

(3)当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be，come，sit，live，stand，lie，exist 等时。

On the ground lay an old man，who was dying.

地上躺着一位老人，奄奄一息。

(4)such作表语，置于句首，表示“这样的人/事物；上述的人/事物”。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。

Such is their decision.

他们的决定就是这样。

考点3 祈使句

1．Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015·湖南，31)

A．to keep B．to have kept

C．keep D．have kept

答案 C

解析考查祈使句。句意为：一直要记住：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，故用keep。keep in mind记住，是固定搭配。

2．________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2014·大纲全国，33) A．Calling B．Call

C．To call D．Having called

答案 B

解析考查祈使句。句意为：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知，此处是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”这一固定句式结构，故B项正确。

考点归纳

1．祈使句的否定式在动词前加don’t。祈使句带主语时，其否定式把don’t放在主语前。

Don’t you speak so loud.

你不要那么大声说话。

2．注意句型：祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋一般将来时的陈述句。

Close the door of fear behind you，and you will see the door of faith open before you.

关闭你身后的恐惧之门，你就会看到信念之门在你的面前打开。

3．上面句型中的祈使句也可用名词短语的形式。

One more step and you’ll succeed.

再走一步，你就会成功。

考点4 省略

1．If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.(2015·北京，31)

A．to accept B．accept

C．accepting D．accepted

答案 D

解析考查状语从句的省略。句意为：如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，所以选D。

2．The climate here is quite pleasant，the temp erature rarely，________，reaching 30℃ in summer.(2014·福建，28)

A．if not B．if ever

C．if any D．if so

答案 B

解析考查省略句。句意为：这里的气候相当宜人，如果曾经有的话，夏天也很少达到30℃。if ever为省略句，补全完整为：if the climate here has ever reached 30℃ in summer。

考点归纳

1．状语从句中的省略

由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where 等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；如果从句的主语为it时，谓语为be，也可省略从句中的it和be。

When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.

遇到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。

If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.

可能的话，这台机器会立即被修好。

2．不定式的省略

单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，plea sed等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。

I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.

我请他去看电影，但是他不想去。

—Are you a sailor?

—No.But I used to be.

——你是海员吗？

——不是，但我曾经是。

3．常考的几个省略形式

if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。

4．并列句中的省略

并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。

He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.

他要去香港，但是他的弟弟要去美国。

My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.

我的房间在三楼，他的在五楼。

考点5 主谓一致和反意疑问句

1．It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each

day and often ________ years to achieve.(2015·湖南，27)

A．is；takes B．are；takes

C．are；take D．is；take

答案 A

解析考查主谓一致。句意为：重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做的一些小小的努力的总和，它常常需要很多年的时间才能实现。分析句子结构可知，两个空格是由and连接的并列谓语；此处success是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选A项。

2．—I spent two weeks in London last summer.

—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you？(2014·重庆，10)

A．mustn’t B．haven’t

C．didn’t D．hadn’t

答案 C

解析考查反意疑问句。答句句意为：那你逗留伦敦期间肯定去看过大英博物馆，对吗？must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“have n’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，结构为“didn’t...？”。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，故C 项正确。

考点归纳

1．常考的主谓一致的几种情况：

(1)主语后面有as well as，with，along with，together with，including，but，except，in addition to，rather than，like，instead of，plus，as much as，more than等连词或介词连接的词语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面主语的单复数相一致。

Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others is essential to their development.(2013·江苏，21)

一般来说，别人对其期望值高的学生，他们的内在动机对他们自身的发展是至关重要的。

The father，rather than the brothers，is responsible for the loss.

损失的责任应由父亲而不是兄弟们来承担。

(2)由or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)．..等连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数形式要与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。

One or two friends are coming this evening.

今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。

Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage.

我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。

(3)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，后跟定语从句，如果one前有the，the very，the only 等词限制修饰时，先行词为one；否则，先行词为后面的复数名词。

Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.

赫宾先生是在中国工作的外国专家之一。

Mr.Smith is the only one of those foreigners who is working in China.

史密斯先生是这些外国人之中唯一一位在中国工作的人。

(4)被every，each，many a，more than one，no等修饰的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

Each boy and (each) girl has got a gift.

每个男孩和每个女孩都得到了一个礼物。

Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.

许多老师和学生看过这部电影。

(5)a large quantity of和large quantities of表示“许多，大量”，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词；a large amount of和large amounts of表示“许多，大量”，只修饰不可数名词。以上四个短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity/amount的单复数。

Quantities of food/nuts were on the table.

桌上有不少食物/坚果。

A large amount of water has been polluted.

＝Large amounts of water have been polluted.

大量水已被污染了。

(6)当and连接的两个名词，其后的名词没有冠词时，是指同一个人或同一件事，谓语动词应该用单数形式；若and后面的名词有冠词时，则指不同的人或事，谓语就用复数形式。

The bread and butter is served for breakfast.

早饭供应黄油面包。

The bread and the butter are on sale.

正在出售黄油和面包。

2．常考的反意疑问句的五种情况：

(1)若陈述部分是复合句，则附加疑问部分与主句取得一致，但若主句部分是I

think/believe/suppose/guess that...或I’m sure that...时，往往与从句取得一致。

Your suggestion is that we should hold a meeting tonight，isn’t it?

你的建议是我们今天晚上开会，对吗？

I don’t believe s he knows it，does she?

我认为她是不知道这件事的，对吗？

(2)若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，rarely，few，nothing，nowhere等否定词或半

否定词，其反意疑问句部分要用肯定式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，反意疑问句仍用否定式。

Mary never goes out at night，does she?

玛丽晚上从不出去，是吗？

She seldom showed her feelings，did she?

她很少表露感情，是吗？

It is unfair，isn’t it?

这不公平，不是吗？

It is impossible，isn’t it?

这是不可能的，是吗？

(3)当陈述部分含有情态动词must且表推测时，其附加部分应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式。

He must be tired，isn’t he?

他一定累了，是吗？

He must have read it，hasn’t/didn’t he?

他一定读过它，是吗？

He must have left yesterday，didn’t he?

他昨天一定走了，是吗？

(4)若陈述部分为肯定的祈使句，则其附加部分通常用will you，won’t you，would you等。若陈述部分为为否定的祈使句，则其附加问句部分要用肯定形式w ill you，而不能用否定式形式的won’t you。

Come tomorrow，will you?

明天来吧，好不好？

Try it again，won’t you?

再试一次，好吗？

Don’t tell him，will you?

不要告诉他，好吗？

(5)当祈使句以Let’s开头时，其后的附加部分用shall we；当祈使句以Let us开头时，其后的附加部分用will you。

Let’s have a break，shall we?

我们休息一下吧，好不好？

Let us know your address，will you?

请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗？

【真题感悟】

单句填空

1.(2015湖南)Only after talking to two students________ (do)I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

2.(2014大纲)—Who’s that at the door?

—________is the milkman.

3.(2014大纲)Not _________do the nurses want a pay increase, but they want reduced hours as well.

4.(2014福建)It was the culture, rather than the language,_________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

5.(2014湖南)Only when you can find peace in your heart____________ you keep good relationships with others.

6.(2014湖南)____________ (make) what you’re doing today important, because you’re trading a day of your life for it.

7.(2014陕西)No sooner_______(have) Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

8.(2014四川)Was it because Jack came late for school_______ Mr Smith got angry?

【答案与解析】

1.did only作为副词修饰状语after talking to two students放在句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。根据语境可知,要用一般过去时。

2.It 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是“It is / was+被强调部分+that / who+其他成分”。本题是一个强调句型的省略形式,在milkman后面省略了that is at the door。

3.only 考查部分倒装。本句中的not only提前至句首,后面要使用部分倒装的形式。

4.that 考查强调句型。本题是一个强调句型,强调的是句子的主语the culture, rather than the language。

5.will 本题中only引导时间状语从句when you can find peace in your heart放在句首,所以后面的主句要部分倒装。

6.Make 分析句子结构可知,此处是祈使句。

7.had 考查倒装句。固定句式no sooner... than“一……就……”通常使用部分倒装。根据broke可知,主句用过去完成时。

8.that 考查强调句型。本题的强调句型以一般疑问句的形式出现,强调的是原因状语从句because Jack came late for school。

【教学反思】

1．牢记省略的两个命题点

(1)状语从句的省略

在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。

(2)不定式的省略

to在be afraid，glad，happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边时，省略时常保留to。

2．铭记部分倒装的三个句式

(1)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有：never，seldom，hardly，by no means，in no way等。

(2)当so...that...，such...that...中的so...和such...放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。

(3)only修饰的状语放到句首，主句要形成部分倒装。

3．必记强调句两个句式及一个方法

(1)陈述句的强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋that/who(用于强调主语且主语指人时)＋其他部分。

(2)not...until...句型的强调句型为：

It is/was＋not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。

(3)判断强调句型的方法：如果把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉后，句子意思依然完整，那么这个句子就是强调句；否则就不是。

4．巧记主谓一致的就远原则

当用作主语的成分后面跟着由but，except，besides，including，like，with，as well as，as much as，along with，in addition to，rather than，together with等引出的短语时，谓语动词习惯上要与这些结构前面的主语保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致)。

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