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郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】

郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】

第3章翻译常用的八种技巧

一、翻译下列各段。注意翻译术语的适当运用,尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义

1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.

【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英,主要有八条翻译技巧(和原则),即选词用字法,增译法,减译法,词类转移法,词序调整法,正说反译法、反说正译法,分译法和重译法。

2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.

【答案】所谓“选词用字法”,就是在正确理解原文的基础上适当地选择词语。

3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.

【答案】重译法之所以有用,第一是它可使译文明确(明确是衡量语言质量的第一个标准);第二是为了强调,使语言有力(这是衡量语言质量的另一重要标准);第三是为了使译文生动形象,引人人胜。

4. By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work to

make the version correct and clear, to make it appear more like the language translated into. Words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically.

【答案】增译法意味着为使译文正确、清楚和更为地道而增用必要的词语,所增之词不论是在句法上或词义上都必不可少。

5. As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying the necessary words to make his version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the usage of the language to be translated into.

【答案】按原则,译者不能对原文的意思任意增减,但这不是说为了使译文忠实而地道不准译者增加必要的词语。

6. Nothing shows greater difference in syntax between English and Chinese than the omission of words in the sentence. What is considered necessary, indispensable, and even a characteristic feature in one language may be deemed useless, superfluous, and even a stumbling block in another.

【答案】英汉两种语言在句法上最大的差别莫过于各自在词语的省略上的不同:在一种语言里被认为是必要的、必不可少的,甚至是构成其语言特色的词语,对于另一种语言则可能是无用的、多余的,甚至会成为表达中的障碍。

7. By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words in the original, if necessary, may be turned into words identical in meaning but different in part of speech, and the word order may also be changed.

【答案】谈到词类转移法,我们是说在翻译中原文中的词类不一定要变成译文中的同一词类。我们不能字对字地把英语译成汉语。优秀的译者应想方设法使原文的意思不加改变,而译文的词类可以与原文的不同,词序也可改变。

8. By inversion in translation we mean that the constituent elements of a sentence are arranged in a way different from the general rules of word order of the language in question. Each language has its own peculiarities in word order. The natural order in English may mean the inverted order in Chinese. Put it more clearly, inversion, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or even inevitable change of word-order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. This change of word-order is necessary because, first of all, each language has its own natural word order and its own peculiarities in word order, secondly, inversion, as a stylistic device, is often used for emphasis. 【答案】翻译中的词序调整法是指译文的词序可以不同于原文句子成分的安排。任何语言都

有其词序特点。英语中的自然语序可能译成汉语的倒装语序。明确地说,词序调整法作为一种翻译技巧,是指根据语言习惯在翻译中对词序加以改变。这一改变之所以必要或必不可少,首先是因为每种语言都有其词序特点,其次是可以作为一种修辞手段,达到强调的目的。

9. There is another peculiar negative construction in English in which negation is applied to only a part of the persons or the things mentioned in the subject. The word order of partial negation in English is quite different from Chinese expression. A slight carelessness will cause some gross mistake in translation. 【答案】英语中另有一种特殊的否定结构:只部分地否定主语所表示的人物或事物,这和汉语的同一否定的表达方法很不相同。翻译时稍有不慎就会出现重大差错。

10. A double negative in English does not always make a positive. Some English

grammarians take this kind of negation for vulgar speech. Even some contemporary grammarians regard it as substandard English. At any rate, it is the speech of the native speakers of English, particularly that of the working people in England and the United States. And it presents itself in English literary works, too. In this regard, difference in the ways of thinking does exist between Chinese and English. Otto Jespersen holds that in repeating these negatives, the speaker is only taking pains to make his negative meaning clear and unmistakable, for fear that one negative alone might not be heard.

【答案】英语中的双重否定并不总是意味着肯定。一些语法家将此种否定称作粗俗语言,甚至当代一些语法家仍视之为亚标准英语。不管怎么说吧,反正它是英语民族的人所用的语言,

特别是英、美一些劳动人民所用的语言,也出现在英语文学作品中。在这一点上,存在着使用这两种语言的人的思路的差别。奥托·叶斯柏森认为:说话人之所以把这种否定重复一次,是想竭力使其否定意思明确和避免任何误解,生怕只说一次使人听不懂他的话。

11. A careful study of any of the five volumes of the Selected Works of Mao Tsetung

(Eng. ed.) would enable us to see that the technique of “division” has been aptly employed on many occasions in Chinese-English translation. And this contributes greatly to dialectical unity of “faithfulness” and “smoothness” in the English version of the Selected Works.

【答案】只要认真学习一下五卷《毛泽东选集》英译本中的任何一本,都可以看出分译法在汉译英中的大量运用,这就是此选集的英译本达到了忠实与通顺的辩证统一的主要原因。

12. Division, as a translation technique, means the necessary splitting of a long

sentence into shorter sentences. To split a sentence at will is definitely a mistake in translation. For this is bound to mar the style, or even the meaning of the original. But that does not mean “splitting the sentence” is absolutely impermissible. On the principle of “subordinating the part to the whole”, a translator may, through a careful analysis of the context, split a long and involved sentence properly in translation, so as to convey faithfully the thought of the original in a readable way.

【答案】分译法作为翻译技巧之一,是指把一句较长的原文分成几句较短的译文的方法。随便分译一个句子肯定是错误的,因为它不可避免地有伤原文的风格与意思。但这不等于说

“分译句子”是绝对不能允许的。根据“部分服从整体”的原则,译者可以通过对上下文的仔细分析,对长句、难句进行分译,使译文忠实而易懂。

二、翻译下列各句。注意理解原文

1. She is no fool.

【答案】她很聪明。

2. He is not incapable.

【答案】他很能干。

3. She never comes without bringing some candy for the children.

【答案】她每次来都给孩子们带些糖果。

4. His pronunciation is not better than mine.

【答案】他的发音不比我的好。

5. His success is out of the question.

His success is out of question.

【答案】他决不可能成功。他的成功毫无问题。

6. We cannot exaggerate its importance.

【答案】它的重要性我们无论怎样夸大都不会过分。

《运筹学》课后习题答案

第一章线性规划1、 由图可得:最优解为 2、用图解法求解线性规划: Min z=2x1+x2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ≥ ≤ ≤ ≥ + ≤ + - 10 5 8 24 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 x x x x x x 解: 由图可得:最优解x=1.6,y=6.4

Max z=5x 1+6x 2 ? ?? ??≥≤+-≥-0 ,23222212 121x x x x x x 解: 由图可得:最优解Max z=5x 1+6x 2, Max z= + ∞

Maxz = 2x 1 +x 2 ????? ? ?≥≤+≤+≤0,5242261552121211x x x x x x x 由图可得:最大值?????==+35121x x x , 所以?????==2 3 21x x max Z = 8.

12 12125.max 2328416412 0,1,2maxZ .j Z x x x x x x x j =+?+≤? ≤?? ≤??≥=?如图所示,在(4,2)这一点达到最大值为2 6将线性规划模型化成标准形式: Min z=x 1-2x 2+3x 3 ????? ??≥≥-=++-≥+-≤++无约束 321 321321321,0,05232 7x x x x x x x x x x x x 解:令Z ’=-Z,引进松弛变量x 4≥0,引入剩余变量x 5≥0,并令x 3=x 3’-x 3’’,其中x 3’≥ 0,x 3’’≥0 Max z ’=-x 1+2x 2-3x 3’+3x 3’’ ????? ? ?≥≥≥≥≥≥-=++-=--+-=+-++0 ,0,0'',0',0,05 232 '''7'''543321 3215332143321x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

现代大学英语精读3_第二版_unit1、2课文翻译

Unit 1 Your college years 1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化?你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标?你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化?尽管大学生很少想这些,但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。 2在这段时期,学生们正经受自我认同危机,他们努力要了解自己的身份,掌握自身的优缺点。当然,优缺点他们兼而有之,且两者都为数不少。重要的是人们如何看待自己,其他人又如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论,根据他们的观点,性格特征是由先天基因(即父母的遗传物质)所决定,由外部环境而形成,并受偶然事件的影响的。人们受环境的影响,反过来也影响他们的环境。人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。 3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候,他们也开始渐渐独立,但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。事实上,这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。高中一毕业,一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我,因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。 41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》,文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。第一,独立处理日常生活的能力,它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力,如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。第二,态度独立,即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离过程是情感独立,霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。例如,大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业,而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。第四是摆脱“对父母的过度内疚、焦虑、疑惑、责任、反感和愤怒的心理”。大学生们需要退一步看清自己在介于独立与依赖之间的冲突中所处的位置。 5可能大学生们面临的最紧张的问题之一就是构建自己的性别特征,这包括与异性之间的关系和对未来自身男性或女性角色的设计。每个人必须将其性格特征定义为男性或女性角色。这一过程中兴奋与受挫并存。也许没有什么比恋爱更能让学生们情绪低落或高涨的。例如,我曾经和一位年轻的大学生共事,一次他欢呼雀跃的进了我的办公室,面带笑容,声音激动。年轻人宣布:“我刚度过了人生中最灿烂的一天。”他继续解释他是如何与一位超凡脱俗的女子相遇的,而且这份浪漫的爱情与他梦中所期待的完全一致。而不倒一个星期,同一个年轻人却拖着脚步神情沮丧的进了我的办公室。他在同一张椅子上坐下来,深深地叹了口气,宣布说:“我经历了人生中最糟糕的一天。”他和那个年轻女子刚刚吵过架,两人的关系不再看好。因而,大学生们与异性交往的方式对他们的情感必定有所影响。 6于此同时,这些刚刚成年的大学生也在学习如何在成年人的世界里奉献和收获情感。在这一角度上,成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系,还要处理与两性及所有年龄段的朋友之间的关系。随着他们渐渐成人,他们与异性交往的方式也在发生变化。这时作为成年人他们应该思索如何与同龄人和睦相处并有礼有节,如何与他们生活中的青少年儿童和睦相处,如何与他们的父母和睦相处并表达自己的感情。举个我在西南浸礼教会学院读研究生时的例子,当我刚刚修完一门咨询课程后,我去探望父母。在学习这门课的过程中我渐渐意识到,当我的世界不断扩展,新的机遇不断出现时,我的父亲,一个年过花甲之人,正在亲眼目睹自己的世界在变小,选择在变少。在家的那些日子里,我和父亲几次谈心,共同探讨了我课程的内容以及它如何应用到我的生活中。我发觉自己正以一种不同的方式看待父亲,并且把他看作一个我可以鼓励的朋友。我有意识的去鼓励这个从前鼓励过我的人。我在以一种不同的方式与父亲交流。 7大学生的另一个变化就是内化他们的宗教信仰、价值尺度和道德观念。从出生开始,就有一位或更多的父母成为他们的榜样,教给他们特定的信仰、价值和道德。然而,当他们到了青春期,这些问题却遭到了质疑,在一些情况下甚至遭到了反叛。现在他们刚刚成年,他们有机会为自己决定人生中将会如何选择何种信仰、价值和道德。60年代末,一位生活在极度歧视其他种族的环境中的年轻女子深信自己种族的

新概念第三册课后答案

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现代大学英语精读3第二版第一课习题答案

define the word resent the treatment frustrate the students declare war evaluate the result perform one’s duty narrow the gap expand business present the facts decorate a room be my haunting memory take a deep breath give a hint stretch one's neck drift on the river let it go at that prick up its ears ripple in the breeze hover over the trees a bond between brothers a carpet for you to walk on snap the door to be serious out of proportion to the occasion go for a picnic put one's arms round her scratch each other’s backs Publish or perish. make RMB convertible seek the truth discard conventions satirize people’s vanity and extravagance The island is uninhabited, and being without drinking water, is also uninhabitable. admire their courage/guts/bravery neglect one’s duty escape/avoid the consequence erase/delete sth from one’s memory take command block the way / stand in the way / be in one’s way ruin one’s reputation/name

管理运筹学作业 韩伯棠第3版高等教育出版社课后答案

1 课程:管理运筹学 管理运筹学作业 第二章线性规划的图解法 P23:Q2:(1)-(6);Q3:(2) Q2:用图解法求解下列线性规划问题,并指出哪个问题具有唯一最优解,无穷多最优解,无界解或无可行解。 (1)Min f=6X1+4X2 约束条件:2X1+X2>=1, 3X1+4X2>=3 X1, X2>=0 解题如下:如图1 Min f=3.6 X1=0.2, X2=0.6 本题具有唯一最优解。 图1 (2)Max z=4X1+8X2 约束条件:2X1+2X2<=10 -X1+X2>=8 X1,X2>=0 解题如下:如图2: Max Z 无可行解。 图2 1

2 2 (3) Max z =X1+X2 约束条件 8X1+6X2>=24 4X1+6X2>=-12 2X2>=4 X1,X2>=0 解题如下:如图3: Max Z=有无界解。 图3 (4) Max Z =3X1-2X2 约束条件:X1+X2<=1 2X1+2X2>=4 X1,X2>=0 解题如下:如图4: Max Z 无可行解。 图 4

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