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英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)

英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)
英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)

英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)

Category: 本科四年级

Key words: comprehensive analysis, shift of perspective, amplification, parataxis, other

techniques, E-C translation

Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as shift of perspective, amplification, and parataxis used in text translating.

Compiler: 许建平等

Date: 2000年

E-C

Passage 1

①On my last holiday in the Bahamas, as I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet, I felt part of universe, even if only a minuscule one, like a grain of sand on the beach.

②Although I had to restrict the size of my practice, I felt a closer empathy with my patients.

③When I walked into the Intensive Care Unit there was an awesome feeling knowing I, too,

had been a patient there.

④It was a special satisfaction to comfort my patients with cancer, knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis.

⑤It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes-a man with a total laryngectomy-when I asked if he would enjoy a cold beer and went to get him one.

⑥If one realizes that our time on this earth is but a tiny fraction of that within the cosmos, then life calculated in years may not be as important as we think.

⑦Why measure life in heartbeats?

⑧When life is dependent on such an unreliable function as the beating of the heart, then it is fragile indeed.

⑨The only thing that one can depend upon with absolute certainty is death.

①上次到巴哈马度假期间,我沿着海滩漫步,海浪轻轻抚揉着我的双脚,此时此刻,我蓦然觉得自己与整个宇宙融为一体,尽管我显得微不足道,就像海滩上的一粒沙子。

②虽然我不得不限制自己的医务工作量,但我感到与病人更加心灵相通。

③当我走进特别护理室时,一种敬畏之感油然而生,因为我知道自己也曾是这里的病人。

④我明白,在经历了被确诊为癌症的极度痛苦之后,仍有可能享受人生,因此,安慰癌症患者是我最大的快乐。

⑤一位病人做了喉切除手术,我问他是否想喝冻啤酒,而且为他拿来了一杯,这时我看到他眼里闪耀着感激的神情,一股暖流顿时涌上我的心头。

⑥倘若人们意识到人的一生只不过是宇宙的时间长河中转瞬即逝的一刹那,那么以岁月计算的生命就不会像我们所想象的那样重要了。

⑦何必以心跳来定生死呢?

⑧当生命依赖于心跳这样一种不可靠的功能时,它的确脆弱不堪。

⑨而只有死亡才是人们唯一可以绝对依赖的。(许建平<英汉互译实践与技巧>清华大学出版社)

[分析]

本文主要涉及视角转换(shift of perspective),增词(amplification),和意合(parataxis)等翻译技巧。具体分析如下:

①意合:英文形合的一个复合句翻译成中文意合的七个散句。

视角转换:词性的转换,介词转换成动词"到"。

切分:"I walked along the beach feeling the gentle waves wash over my feet"在译文中分成两个句子。

增词:增加"此时此刻"。

②视角转换:由肯定"had to"转换成否定形式"不得不"。

形合:译文中仍为由"虽然"和"但是"这一组转折连词连接。

③视角转换:"knowing I, too, had been a patient there"这一分词短语转换成由"因为"引导的原因状语从句

④视角转换:句序调整

增词:增加连词"因此"

切分:"knowing that it is possible to enjoy life after the anguish of that diagnosis"这一分词短语切分成译文中的三个分句。

⑤意合

视角转换:句序调整;词性转换,名词"sparkle"转换成动词"闪耀着"。

切分:"It gave me a feeling to see the sparkle in one patient's eyes"分成译文中的两个分句。

增词:增加"感激的神情","顿时"等。

⑥形合:译文仍由"倘若"和"那么"这一组条件状语从句连词连接。

⑦增词:增加语气助词"呢"。

⑧视角转换:词性转换,形容词"is dependent on"转换成动词"依赖于"。

⑨省词:省略"thing" 。

passage 2

Key words: comprehensive analysis, division, other techniques, C-E translation

Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of the major technique "division" and other

techniques used in text translating.

Compiler: 李运兴编著

Date: 1998年

E-C

英文原文:

(1)Someone once remarked that the British and the Americans are two peoples separated by the same language.

(2)Most epigrams exaggerate for effect, and this one is no exception. (3)But it is, nevertheless, undeniably true that some commonly used words mean different things in these two cultures.

(4)Consider the seemingly single term-"the government."

(5)To parliamentarians trained in British terminology, "the government" means "the cabinet: a group of the legislature's own members, chosen by

it to devise public policies, to manage the legislature's major activities, and to exercise executive powers.

(6)In theory, at least, the government continues office only so long as it commands the support of a majority of the legislature.

(7)Losing that support, it may be turned out of power at almost any moment. (8)When Americans say "the government," they mean something quite different: it connotes the whole governmental structure-executive, legislative and judicial.

(9)Americans assume a situation in which the branches of government are deliberately separated and in which the powers of each check and balance those of the other.

(李运兴编著"英汉语篇翻译",清华大学出版社,1998)

中文译文:

(1)有人曾说,英国人和美国人是被同一种语言分隔开的两个民族。

(2)警句为求效果大多过于夸张,上述警句也不例外。

(3)尽管如此,在这两种文化中,一些常用词汇表达了不同的事物,这一点却

是千真万确的。

(4)让我们看看一个貌似简单的词-“政府”。

(5)对于那些受英国术语熏陶的议员们,“政府”指的是内阁,是立法机构本

身的一批成员,由立法机构任命来制订公共政策,处理议会的重大活动并行使行

政权力。

(6)政府只有赢得议会多数成员的支持,才可以继续执政,至少在理论上是这样。

(7)失去了多数支持,政府几乎随时有可能下台。

(8)美国人说到“政府”,意思就完全不同了。它指的是整个政体,包括行政、

立法和司法部门。

(9)按照美国人的做法,政府三大部门是有意识地分立的,每个部门与其他部门相互制衡。

(注:上述译文有所改动)

分析:这段文字主要用了切分(division)等翻译技巧,此外,还用了一些其它

技巧。

(1) Someone once remarked that the British and the Americans are two peoples separated by the same language.

(1)有人曾说,英国人和美国人是被同一种语言分隔开的两个民族。

句1:

1)视角转换:后置定语转换成前置定语;

(2)Most epigrams exaggerate for effect, and this one is no

exception.

(2)警句为求效果大多过于夸张,上述警句也不例外。

句2:

1)视角转换:most在原句中为定语,但在译文中用作副词;

2)增词:译文中多了个“也”字;

(3)But it is, nevertheless, undeniably true that some commonly used words mean different things in these two cultures.

(3)尽管如此,在这两种文化中,一些常用词汇表达了不同的事物,这

一点却是千真万确的。

句3:

1)切分:原文中只有一个并列句,但译文将其分成了两个独立的句子;

2)视角转换(此处表现为“词序调整”):“在......千真万确的”。

(4)Consider the seemingly single term-"the government."

(4)让我们看看一个貌似简单的词-“政府”。

句4:增词:译文中“让我们”是原文中没有的;

(5)To parliamentarians trained in British terminology, "the

government" means "the cabinet: a group of the legislature's own members, chosen by it to devise public policies, to manage the

legislature's major activities, and to exercise executive powers.

(5)对于那些受英国术语熏陶的议员们,“政府”指的是内阁,是立法

机构本身的一批成员,由立法机构任命来制订公共政策,处理议会的重大

活动并行使行政权力。

句5:切分:原文冒号后面部分在译文中都成了句子;

(6)In theory, at least, the government continues office only so

long as it commands the support of a majority of the legislature.

(6)政府只有赢得议会多数成员的支持,才可以继续执政,至少在理论

上是这样。

句6:切分+词序调整(即视角转换中的一种):原文的短语 "In theory,

at least" 在译文中成了一个完整的句子 "至少在理论上是这样";

(7)Losing that support, it may be turned out of power at almost any moment. (7)失去了多数支持,政府几乎随时有可能下台。

句7:视角转换:原文用被动语态,而译文用了主动语态;

(8)When Americans say "the government," they mean something quite different: it connotes the whole governmental structure-executive, legislative and judicial.

(8)美国人说到“政府”,意思就完全不同了。它指的是整个政体,包括行政、立法和司法部门。

句8:

1)减词:“when” 一词在译文中没有译出;

2)切分:原文冒号部分在译文中单独成句,并把破折号后面部分译成了句子;3)增词:译文中“部门”一词原文中没有;

(9)Americans assume a situation in which the branches of government are deliberately separated and in which the powers of each check and balance those of the other.

(9)按照美国人的做法,政府三大部门是有意识地分立的,每个部门与其他部

门相互制衡。

句9:

1)视角转换和切分:原文的动词“assume”被单独译成了介词短语“根据(美

国人)的做法”;

2)增词:译文中“三大部门”的“三”和“其他部门”中的“部门”是译文中

添加的;3)减词:原文中“the powers”没有译出。

Passage 3

Key words: comprehensive analysis, amplification, omission, shift of perspective, parataxis,

domestication, E-C translation

Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such techniques as amplification, omission,

shift of perspective, parataxis and domestication used in text translating.

Compiler: 冯庆华编著

Date: 1997年

Venus and the Cat

(1)A cat having fallen in love with a young man, besought Venus to change her into a girl, in the hope of gaining his affections.

(2)The Goddess, taking compassion on her weakness, changed her into a fair damsel; and the young man, enamoured of her beauty, led her home as his bride.

(3)As they were sitting in their chamber, Venus, wishing to know whether in changing her form she had also changed her nature, set down a mouse before her.

(4)The girl, forgetful of her new condition, started from her seat, and pounced upon the mouse as if she would have eaten it on the spot; whereupon the Goddess, provoked at her frivolity, straightaway turned her into a cat again.

(5)What is bred in the bone, will never out of the flesh.

维纳斯和猫

(1)有只猫爱上了一个青年,恳求爱神维纳斯把她变成个姑娘,好得到他的爱慕。

(2)女神对她深表同情,把她变成一个美女。青年倾心于她的美貌,便娶她为妻。

(3)维纳斯想知道,这只猫变了外形后是否也改变了本性,便趁他俩在卧房里坐着的时候,在她的面前放出一只老鼠。

(4)这位姑娘忘了自己现在的身分,禁不住从座位上一跃而起,向老鼠猛扑过去,好像要把它当场吃掉。女神为她的轻举莽动所激怒,立刻又把她变回一只猫。

(5)所谓江山易改,本性难移。

[分析]

本文主要采用的翻译技巧是:增词(amplification)、减词(omission)和视角转换(shift of perspective)等,具体分析

如下:

句(1):增词和音译:译文"爱神维纳斯"增加了"爱神"二字,明确了"Venus"的身份;"Venus" 的翻译运用了音译的方法

句(2):减词和切分:译文中省略了定冠词"the","her weakness"也被省略,因为其含义已包括在"深表同情"之中了;译者把原文分号后的分句独立译成一个句子。

句(3):意合和视角转换:译文的句序与原文相比,有了较大的调整,既有分

句间顺序的调整,也有分句内部词序的变化,通过这种调整,体现了句与句间的关系(因果和时间先后);译者在翻译"wishing to know whether in changing her form she had also changed her nature"这句的时候运用了视角转换的技巧。

句(4):视角转换,增词,减词和切分:原文中"forgetful of her new condition"是形容词短语,在译文中变为动词短语;译文中增加?quot;禁不住",省略了连词"and";原文中分号后的分句被单独译成一个句子。

句(5):归化:这句谚语的翻译没有运用直译的方法,而是根据其意义,套用

了中文中相对应的说法。

Passage 4

Category: 本科四年级

Key words: comprehensive analysis, omission, shift of perspective, other techniques E-C translation

Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major techniques as omission and shift of perspective used in text translating. Compiler: 刘庆宓编著

Date: xxxx年

The Beauty of Britain

J. B. Priestley

Translated by Lu Jie

(1)I suspect that we are always, faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round the corner.

(2)We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small space.

(3)Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things---mountains, plains, rivers, lakes---to the scale of the island itself.

(4)A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monster here, as wrong as a plain 400 miles long, a river as broad as the Mississippi.

(5)Though the geographical features of this island are comparatively small, and there is astonishing variety almost everywhere, that does not mean that our mountains are not mountains, our plains not plains.

英伦之美

J. B. 普里斯特莱

陆洁译

(1)英国是一个岛国,处在大海的怀抱里,可是对这一点我们却总是漫不经心。

(2)我们知道在一个小小的空间里一切都得巧加安排。

(3)大自然仿佛为英国精心摆布了她的江山,把山脉、平原、河流和湖泊装点在一个小小的岛国之中。

(4)一座一万二千呎高的山脉在英国犹如一个巨大的魔鬼,而如果将一块四百英里长的平地,或者将一条象密西西比河一样宽阔的河流摆在英国也必定是造物错铸了山河。

(5)虽然这个岛国没有显著的地理特征,但是几乎处处都有着令人惊叹的地形地貌。英伦虽小,但她的山脉仍然是山脉,她的平原仍然是平原。

(《英汉翻译技能训练手册》,上海外语教育出版社,刘庆宓编著)

[分析]

本文采用的翻译技巧主要有:视角转换(shift of perspective)和减词(omission),具体分析如下:

句(1):视角转换和减词:原文中with引导的伴随状语在译文中通过视角转换变成了动词短语,语态也发生了变化;译文与原文相比,句序也有很大的调整,英文中it作形式主语的句子翻成中文,往往把真正的主语提前,再用指示代词翻译"it",如译文中的"这一点";原文中"I suspect that"和"smallish" 被省略,因为前者不具有实际的意义,而后者的意思将在译句3中体现(亦算"词序调整")。

句(2):减词和视角转换:英文中引导宾语从句的"that"在中文中被省略;原文中是被动语态,在译文中译成了主动语态。

句(3):减词,具体化和增词:译文中省略了"we"和"itself";将原文中的"things"具体化为"江山";为加强修辞效果,增加了"小小的"来修饰"岛国",似乎也正好补上了原句1中 "smallish"之含义。

句(4):视角转换,具体化,增词和专有名词/音译:英语中定语的位置可前可后,而中文的修饰词往往放在被修饰词的前面,所以英译中的时候,词序调整必不可少,该句中的"山脉","平地"和"河流"就是很典型的例子;原文中的"here"

在译文中具体化为"在英国";译文中还增加了"如果"和"或者"之类的词,使译文行文更为流畅;"密西西比河"的翻译属于专有名词的翻译,遵循了音译的方法。

句(5):视角转换,具体化和切分:原文though引导的让步状语从句的翻译使用了视角转换的技巧;将原文中?quot;variety"具体化为"地形地貌";that后

面的部分被独立译为一个句子,其中使用了增词("英伦虽小")、视角转换(反说正译)和重复。

Passage 5

①All the trees, the living and the dead, are clothed with green and silver crusts of lichens.

②Tufts of the bearded lichen or old man's beard hang from the branches like bits of sea mist tangled there.

③ Green woodland mosses and a yielding carpet of reindeer moss cover the ground.

④ In the quiet of that place even th e voice of the surf is reduced to

a whispered echo and the sounds of the forest are but the ghosts of sound----the faint sighing of evergreen needles in the moving air; the creaks and heavier groans of half-fallen trees resting against their neighbors and rubbing bark against bark; the light rattling fall of a dead branch broken under the feet of a squirrel and sent bounding and ricocheting earthward.

⑤ But finally the path emerges from the dimness of the deeper forest and comes to a place where the sound of surf rises above the forest sounds-the hollow boom of the sea, rhythmic and insistent, striking against the rocks, falling away, rising again.

From R. Carson Walking to the Seacoast

①所有这些树,不论生死,都披着一层绿色和银色的地衣。

②一簇簇须毛丛生的地衣如老人的胡须从树枝上挂下,就象一缕缕海雾萦绕于斯。

③绿色的林地苔藓和一层不断蔓生的驯鹿苔藓覆盖着地面。

④置身于此地的宁静之中,连拍岸的海浪声也减弱为喃喃的回响,而森林之声也宛如声之幽灵--四季常青的松针在风中微微叹息;半倒的树靠在邻树上,树皮互相磨檫发出阵阵咯咯声和更重的呻吟声;被松鼠踩断的枯枝掉地后反复弹动,发出轻微的嘎嘎声。

⑤但是,小径最终穿过森林深处的幽暗,来到一地,此地海浪之声盖过了森林之声--大海富有节奏,持续不断地发出低沉的轰鸣,撞击着岩石,落下去,又升起来。

(美国散文小书屋)世界图书出版公司

[分析]

文中基本以直译/语义(literal/semantic)翻译为主,另涉及拟声词(imitative words)翻译等技巧。具体分析如下:

句1:颜色词的直译:green and silver→绿色和银色。

句2:选词:tangled there→萦绕于斯。

句3:语义翻译。

句4:

① 切分:把原长句分为三短句处理,既保持原文语序,亦符合中文思维。

② 具体化:evergreen→四季常青;in the moving air→在风中。

③ 拟声词的翻译:原文没有拟声词,译文中出现,Whispered echo→喃喃的回响。

④ 视角转换:从语法角度,把原文的独立主格结构转换成单独的句子。

⑤ 拟声词的直译:the creaks and heavier groans→阵阵咯咯声和更重的呻吟声。

⑥ 视角转换:从语法角度,把原文的独立主格结构转换成单独的句子。

⑦ 拟声词的直译:light rattling→轻微的嘎嘎声。

句5:

① 切分:前半句按中文习惯分成四个短句。

② 省略:介词above略去不译。

③ 增词:增加动词"发出" 。

汉英翻译篇章练习

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科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.

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第二章汉英句法、篇章对比

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英译汉篇章翻译2

英译汉篇章翻译练习(2) Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting. When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “You know what they say, Senora: …There?s no pot so ugly it can?t find a lid.?” And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.” One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitchen. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband?s parents, and Imelda was in sisting that she apologized to them. Her daughter objected. “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they?re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay for a new bed, a ll I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?” “Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue says, the neck pays for?? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. You know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!” Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don?t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?” “No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? You know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.? I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: …One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.?”

实用英汉对比与翻译

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英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)

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英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧

英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧 要真正掌握英文翻译的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难,下面就和大家分享英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐,来欣赏一下吧。 英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐 首先是英文理解难,这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉,由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同,所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章,而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续,极为别扭。 二是中文表达难,英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇,往往被弄得头昏眼花,好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙,却没有。 另外,英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高,因为我们所翻译的*,其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域,而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情,如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。 正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难,所以,我们必须通过翻译实践,对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结,

以找出一般的表达规律来,避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误,而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后,就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧,以使所译语句自然流畅,完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手: 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜 欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。

短文中英文翻译

攻势已经持续了三天,但是我们并没有取得多少进展。师长(division commander)命令我们营(battalion)夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而,要绕到敌人后方,我们必须越过一片沼泽地(marshland)。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰,我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备,不久便投降了。 The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. 汽车自从发明以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化,永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。但另一方面,也带来了危害,尤其是公路死亡事故。然而,现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用,有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故。例如,装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾汽并拒绝启动引擎。同样传感器还能通过接受在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号监测器路况并大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性。 Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams. 常言道,好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时,求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为,事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。 我的一位朋友在一家大型计算机软件公司供职,年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我,那些面试未来雇员的具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。那些没有在了解未来雇主方面尽全力的人很难有成功的希望。 Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success. 全球化对中国年轻人具有重大影响。例如,年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作。而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说,英语变得越来越重要。另一方面,许多海外学子近年来回归祖国,因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景。因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系。他们跟踪最新的潮流,模仿外国的时尚。他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德,更不要说发扬光大,这使得有人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消

科技英语翻译

十个必须收藏的SCI论文翻译技巧 ? ?| ?浏览:8 ?| ?更新:2014-10-25 00:11 ?| ?标签:翻译 要使译文显得比较流畅和专业,就必须懂得技巧,专家整理收集了一些技巧,以供大家学习,下面为大家介绍必须收藏的十大技巧,英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的技巧作指导。常用的技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。 方法/步骤 1. 1 1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式, 在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:(1)What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) 2. 2 2. 省译法:这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语 思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)

3. 3 3转换法:指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。Our institute is co-a dministrated by the States Education Commission and the municip al government. (名词转动词) 4. 4 4.拆句法和合并法:这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people a re justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译) 5. 5 5.正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。在美国,人人都能买到枪。In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) 6. 6

张培基《英汉翻译教程》(修订本)配套题库(英汉常用的方法和技巧(中))【圣才出品】

第5章英汉常用的方法和技巧(中) 5.1 分句、合句法 一、试译下列各句,将斜体的单词或短语译成一个汉语句子 1. At present, people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 【译文】现在的人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。 2. George nodded, thankful that his wife was not the talkative kind. 【译文】乔治点点头,他妻子不是那种絮絮叨叨的人,对此他心存感激。 3. The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect. 【译文】直接赠予的意图必须明白无误,转让行为必须立即产生效力,且该效力应具有永久性。 4. Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants. 【译文】离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。那儿有十几家民族餐馆,热闹得如

同第二个唐人街。 5. That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 【译文】那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家都容易看出来的。 6. The depth of some of those changes is , to me at least, pleasingly remarkable and extraordinary. 【译文】其中一些变化有深度,至少在我看来是非常了不起的,不同凡响,令我由衷地高兴。 7. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four. 【译文】大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信。 8. A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris. 【译文】他得了感冒,而且越来越严重,只好回巴黎去了。但是,对他的离去,谁也没有感到遗憾。 9. There is also distressing possibility that Alunni isn’t quite the catch the police thought. 【译文】还存在这样一种可能性:被抓住的那位阿鲁尼不见得就是警察当局所设想的那位头号人物。当然,这种可能性说出来叫人泄气。

第二章汉英句法、篇章对比

第二章汉英句法、篇章对比

5.汉英句法对比 ?句子的概念 ?汉语句子强调语义,表示语义终止的标点符号根据句子语义和语气来确定,具有突出的“以意统形”的特点。 ?英语句子强调形式和语法结构:首词第一个字母大写,句末用句号、问号或叹号;大多数句子有主语和谓语。 ◆句子的类型 ?汉语句式: 按功能,可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按结构,可分为单句与复句。 ?英语句式: 按功能,可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 按结构,可分为简单句与复杂句(并列句和复合句) ?汉英句式异同 ?汉英都有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四大类。汉英陈述句基本相同,句尾都用降调。汉英疑问句都是用升调,句尾加问号,这是相同之处。

汉语疑问句分特指问、反复问、是非问、选择问和反问五种,而英语只有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意问句四种。 ?汉语的是非问句和英语的一般疑问句相当,但语序不同。汉语是非句是陈述句式,或在陈述句尾加“吗”、“吧”表示。英语一般疑问句的谓语动词“ to be”,“to have”和助动动词或情态动词都放在主语之前。如:Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗? 汉语的特指问句和英语的特殊疑问句相当,但词序却不尽相同。汉语特指问句的词序和陈述句相同,而英语的特殊疑问句则一定要把疑问词放在句首,其句式是“疑问词+ 一般疑问句”。如:What are you doing? 你在干什么? 汉语的选择问句和英语的选择问句相同,只是词序不同。汉语的选择问句仍然是陈述句的词序,英语则是一般疑问句的词序。如:你去看电影,还是去看戏? Are you going to cinema or to theatre? 对于英语反意疑问句的翻译则要把握原文意思,用最恰当汉语形式来表达。如:He is your teacher, isn't he? 译文(1) 他是你老师吧?(表示猜 3

英汉翻译常用技巧

英汉翻译常用技巧 2008-05-29 20:47:46| 分类:英汉笔译|举报|字号订阅 一、在翻译过程中如何进行词义的选择? 英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意思。一词多义是说同一词在同一词类中,有几个不同的词义。词义的选择可以从以下三方面着手。 (一)根据词类 1、The earth goes round (介词)the sun. 地球环绕太阳运行。 2、 The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing (动词)food. 食品供应无法跟上人口增长的步伐,这意味着在粮食的生产和销售方面 我们将陷入危机。 分析:market可以既作名词又作动词。在作名词时,可译为“市场”、 “行业”、“需求”等等。例句中的market是作动词用的,可以 译为“买,卖”或“销售”,根据句中描述的情形,用“销售”更 妥当。 (二)根据上下文和搭配关系 3、Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 电力可以被输送到很远的地方。 4、A car needs a lot of power to go fast. 汽车高速行驶需要很大的动力。 5、Explosive technological development after1990gave the medical profession enormous power to fight disease and sickness. 1990年以来,随着技术的迅速发展,医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能力。 (三)根据可数或不可数

汉译英 文章标题翻译

汉译英文章标题翻译 周阿斗寻父记 A Reunion of father and son 三毛流浪记 A Romance of an orphan 徐悲鸿的一生Xu Beihong—life of a master painter 儿童是祖国的花朵Children --- the Flowers of Nation 北京机场扩建Beigin International Airport Enlarged 建设新西藏Building a New Tibet 雪夜访友visiting a friend on a snowy night 西子湖畔By the side of West Lake 为了更美好的生活For a Better life 海员之家Home for sailors, Family for Sailors 中国的计划生育Family Plan Program in China (Birth Control)雁荡山访问记 A visit to Yandang mountain 校园一瞥 A glance to campus 向雷锋学习Learn from Lei Feng 加强与各国的联系Promote contracts with other countries 一个女工程师 A woman engineer/ female 城里来的姑娘 A girl from city 有希望的一代——中国青年China’s youth -- A promising Generation 课后练习: 试论当代中国黑社会性组织生成的社会机制

On the Social mechanism of underworld organization in cont emporary China. On the Social Mechanism by which Underground organizations and Grow in Contemporary China. Social Mechanism of Survival and Growth for Gangster in Present-day China. 试论依法行政 On the administration according to law. On Administration Law. 发展才是硬道理 Development is the absolutely need. Development Being the Only Way. 社会主义初级阶段理论的历史考察 The investigation of the theory of the primary stage of socialism. Historical Study of Early Socialism Theory. 从高等教育的发展看高校校情研究 (The) Value of High Education Situation Based on Their Development. 大学生思想政治教育必须坚持从实际出发 The ideological and political education of university student must stick to according to the reality.

Chapter 4 Chapter4 英汉对比与翻译(二)

Chapter 4 A Comparative Study of English and Chinese (Part II) Teaching aims: to learn about the linguistic differences of Chinese and English so as to translate them accurately. Main Language points: Comparative studies of syntactic structure in Chinese and English Difficult teaching points: hypotactic & paratactic; subject-prominent & topic prominent; static & dynamic. Teaching references: 1. 方梦之. 翻译新论与实践[M]. 青岛出版社,2002 2. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社;彭长江. 英汉-汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社; 3. 陈宏薇,新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004 Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice 1. Hypotactic vs. Paratactic (形合与意合) As E. A. Nida points out in his “Translating Meaning”, …so fa r as English and Chinese are concerned, the most important difference linguistically is the contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis. Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives; Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them; Examples: 1. That is our policy and that is our declaration. —— W. Churchill 这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。 2. First, we make clear what is doing the travelling —— a car, a bus, a plane or whatever it may be. 首先,我们要搞清旅行工具,例如小汽车、公共汽车、飞机或别的可用工具。 3.发展体育运动,增强人民体质。 Promote physical culture and build up people’s health. 4.东海缺少白玉床,龙王请来金陵王。 If the Dra gon King wants a white jade bed, he applies to the Wangs of Jinling, it’s said. 2. Complex vs. Simplex (简约与繁复) The English complex sentences are often like chains with clauses linking clauses. On the other hand, the Chinese sentences or clauses tend to be short and simple in structure. They are flowing and simplex, with one clause following the other rather in a line. Illustrative examples: 1. The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have yet been invented. 月球离地球非常遥远,即使那边山上长着大树,有大象在移动,我们用当今发明的最高倍率的望远镜,也不能看见它们。

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