英汉篇章翻译(技巧综合分析)

英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析）

Category: 本科四年级

Key words: comprehensive analysis, division, shift of perspective, omission, other techniques,

E-C translation

Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major technique as division, shift of

perspective, and omission used in text translating.

Compiler: "中国翻译"

Date: 2001/5

E-C

Passage 2

（1）So it is always when the mind is troubled among happy things, and then one almost wishes they could share one's troubles and become more real with it. （2）It seemed on that Sunday that a golden age had lasted till yesterday, and that the earth had still to learn the news of its ending. （3）And this change had come, not by the will of God, not even by the will of man, but because some few men far away were afraid to be open and generous with each other. （4）There was a power in their hands so great that it frightened them.（5）There was a spring that they knew they must not touch, and, like mischievous and nervous children, they had touched it at last, and now all the world was to suffer for their mischief. （6）So the next morning one saw a reservist in his uniform saying goodbye to his wife and children at his cottage-gate and then walking up the hill that leads out of the valley with a cheerful smile still on his face. （7）There was the first open sign of trouble, a very little one, and he made the least of it; and, after all, this valley is very far from any possible war, and its harvest and its vintage of perry and cider will surely be gathered in peace. （"中国翻译"，2001/5）

（1）置身幸福环境的人，在思想受到困扰的时候，总有这种体验。接着，他几乎会奢望幸福环境能分担他的困扰并在分担中变得更为真实。（2）在那个星期天，人们感到，一个黄金时代已在昨日宣告结束，而大地对这消息尤浑然不觉。（3）这场变化之所以发生，不是上帝旨意使然，甚至也不是人类的意志使然，而是因为远在别处的少数人怯于开诚布公地善待同类。（4）他们手中握有足以令他们战栗的大权。（5）有一条他们知道不可触动的弹簧，可是如同喜欢捣蛋又战战兢兢的孩子，他们毕竟去触动了，为了他们的淘气，如今全世界的人要受罪了。（6）于是，翌日早晨，人们看见一名预备役士兵穿上了制服，在农舍门口告别妻孥，爬山出谷去了，脸上仍挂着欣喜的笑容。（7）那是出现麻烦的第一个朕兆，一点蛛丝马迹而已，当事人更是尽量不事张扬。归根到底，这片谷地远在可能燃起的战火之外，这儿的一应作物以及用于今年酿酒的梨子和苹果都将在和平环境中收摘归仓。

分析：这段文字主要用了切分（division）和视角转换（shift of perspective）等翻译技巧，具体分析如下：

（1）So it is always when the mind is troubled among happy things, and then one almost wishes they could share one's troubles and become more real with it.

（1）置身幸福环境的人，在思想受到困扰的时候，总有这种体验。接着，他几乎会奢望幸福环境能分担他的困扰并在分担中变得更为真实。

句1：1）切分：原文一句句子在译文中译成了两句。2）视角转换中的语序调整：原文 "So it is always" 在译文中放在了时间状语从句后面；3）重复：原文中代词 "it" 在译文中还原成所替代的名词 "share"；

（2）It seemed on that Sunday that a golden age had lasted till yesterday, and that the earth had still to learn the news of its ending.

（2）在那个星期天，人们感到，一个黄金时代已在昨日宣告结束，而大地对这消息尤浑然不觉。

句2：1）减词： "and that" 在译文中省略；2）视角转换：原文"It seemed" 译成为"人们感到"；原文"a golden age had lasted till yesterday" 译成为"

一个黄金时代已在昨日宣告结束"；原文 "the earth had still to learn the news of its ending" 在译文中用了正说反译；

（3）And this change had come, not by the will of God, not even by the will of man, but because some few men far away were afraid to be open and generous with each other.

（3）这场变化之所以发生，不是上帝旨意使然，甚至也不是人类的意志使然，而是因为远在别处的少数人怯于开诚布公地善待同类。

句3：1）增词：译文中"之所以""使然"是增译；2）视角转换：原文的形容词短语"be open and generous with each other" 译成了动词短语"开诚布公地善待同类"；3）措辞："open"一词译成"开诚布公"；

（4）There was a power in their hands so great that it frightened them. （4）他们手中握有足以令他们战栗的大权。

句4：1）增词："握"字属于增译；2）减词："so great that it frightened them" 中 "it" 省略；

（5）There was a spring that they knew they must not touch, and, like mischievous and nervous children, they had touched it at last, and now all the world was to suffer for their mischief.

（5）有一条他们知道不可触动的弹簧，可是如同喜欢捣蛋又战战兢兢的孩子，他们毕竟去触动了，为了他们的淘气，如今全世界的人要受罪了。

句5：用了1）减词："they knew they must not touch"在译文中只译出一个"they"；"they had touched it at last"中"it"没有译出； 2）意合：原文两个"and"，一个译成"可是"，另一个靠译文本身来理解；

（6）So the next morning one saw a reservist in his uniform saying goodbye to his wife and children at his cottage-gate and then walking up the hill that leads out of the valley with a cheerful smile still on his face. （6）于是，翌日早晨，人们看见一名预备役士兵穿上了制服，在农舍门口告别妻孥，爬山出谷去了，脸上仍挂着欣喜的笑容。

句6：1）切分：原文"in his uniform"，"with a cheerful smile still on his face"分别单独译出；2）减词："walking up the hill that leads out of the valley"简单译成 "爬山出谷去了"；

（7）There was the first open sign of trouble, a very little one, and he made the least of it; and, after all, this valley is very far from any possible war, and its harvest and its vintage of perry and cider will surely be gathered in peace.

（7）那是出现麻烦的第一个朕兆，一点蛛丝马迹而已，当事人更是尽量不事张扬。归根到底，这片谷地远在可能燃起的战火之外，这儿的一应作物以及用于今年酿酒的梨子和苹果都将在和平环境中收摘归仓。

句7：1）切分：原文中分号前后部分各译成一个句子；2）增词："出现麻烦"中"出现"这两个字属增译；"今年"属增译；"any possible war"译成"可能燃起的战火"也属增译；3）减词："open"一词没有译出；4）具体化："harvest"一词译成 "一应作物"；"peace"一词译成 "和平环境"；5）视角转换（正说反译）：肯定句"he made the least of it"译成否定句"当事人更是尽量不事张扬"。

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英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧 要真正掌握英文翻译的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难，下面就和大家分享英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐，来欣赏一下吧。 英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐 首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。 二是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。 另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的*，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。 正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，

以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。 一、词义的选择和引伸技巧 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。(形容词) He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜 欢物理。(动词) Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。(名词) 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。

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短文中英文翻译

攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。师长(division commander)命令我们营(battalion)夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地(marshland)。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。所幸由于寒冷天气沼泽地都结上了冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。 The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered. 汽车自从发明以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化，永远地改变了人们的生活、旅行和办事的方式。但另一方面，也带来了危害，尤其是公路死亡事故。然而，现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用，有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故。例如，装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾汽并拒绝启动引擎。同样传感器还能通过接受在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号监测器路况并大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性。 Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams. 常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备显然会影响求职者的成功机会。 我的一位朋友在一家大型计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我，那些面试未来雇员的具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。那些没有在了解未来雇主方面尽全力的人很难有成功的希望。 Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success. 全球化对中国年轻人具有重大影响。例如，年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作。而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说，英语变得越来越重要。另一方面，许多海外学子近年来回归祖国，因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景。因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系。他们跟踪最新的潮流，模仿外国的时尚。他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德，更不要说发扬光大，这使得有人忧虑中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消

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同第二个唐人街。 5. That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 【译文】那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家都容易看出来的。 6. The depth of some of those changes is , to me at least, pleasingly remarkable and extraordinary. 【译文】其中一些变化有深度，至少在我看来是非常了不起的，不同凡响，令我由衷地高兴。 7. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four. 【译文】大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。 8. A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris. 【译文】他得了感冒，而且越来越严重，只好回巴黎去了。但是，对他的离去，谁也没有感到遗憾。 9. There is also distressing possibility that Alunni isn’t quite the catch the police thought. 【译文】还存在这样一种可能性：被抓住的那位阿鲁尼不见得就是警察当局所设想的那位头号人物。当然，这种可能性说出来叫人泄气。

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