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药学专业英语完整翻译

●symptomolytic 消除症状的●neurotransmitter神经递质

●Oosperm 受精卵

●prostaglandin 前列腺素

●polyethylene 聚乙烯

●octadecyl 十八(烷)基

●osteoarthritis骨关节炎

●dyspepsia 消化不良

●pathophysiology 病理生理学●osteoporosis 骨质疏松症

●hydrophilic 亲水的

●urokinase尿激酶

●trachoma沙眼

●dysfunction功能紊乱

●mucopolysaccharide 粘多糖

(类) streptomycin 链霉素

●pathophysiology 病理生理学●otorhinolaryngology耳鼻喉科

学

●phlebostenosis 静脉狭窄

●nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油

●pyrogen 热原,致热物●pseudocholinesterase拟(或假)

胆碱酯酶

●thioether 硫醚

●somatotype体型

●uricemia 尿酸血症

●hysteroscopy子宫镜检查

●chemoprophylaxis 化学预防●antipsychotic抗精神病的（药）●nephroangiosclerosis 肾血管

硬化

●bacteriostatic 抑菌的

●parasympathomimetic拟副交

感神经的(药)

●adrenocorticotropin促肾上腺

皮质激素

●diuretic 利尿的(药)

●vagosympathetic迷走交感神

经的

●alkaloid生物碱

●teratogenesis 致畸作用

●polioencephalitis 脑灰质炎

●tetanotoxin 破伤风毒素

●myotonia肌强直

●hyperlipemia高脂血症

●bronchiectasis支气管扩张

●oxidoreductase氧化还原酶

●oncology 肿瘤学

●euthanasia 安乐死

●Myocardial 心肌的

●ophthalmoxerosis 干眼病●Vaginomycosis 阴道霉菌病●encephalorrhagia 脑出血

●electrophilicity 亲电性

●Mitochondria 线粒体

●Stereochemistry 立体化学●Pancytopenia 全血细胞减

少

●streptokinase 链激酶

●superinfection 二重感染，

重复感染

●osteomyelitis 骨髓炎

●macromolecular 大分子的●Menopause 更年期; 绝经●Vasodilation 血管舒张

●Thromboembolism 血栓栓

塞

●phytopharmacology 植物

药理学

●protoplasm 原生质

●schizophrenia 精神分裂

症

●Hemiplegia 偏瘫,半身不遂●Fluorospectrophotometry

荧光分光光度法

●bradypnea 呼吸缓慢

●Diarrhea 腹泻，痢疾

●Pharmacodynamics药效学and pharmacokinetics药动学is the two

main areas of pharmacology药理学. The former studies the the effects of the drugs on biological systems, and the latter studies the effects of biological systems on the drugs. When describing the pharmacokinetics properties of a drug, pharmacologists药理学家are often interested in LADME:

●Liberation

●Absorption

●Distribution

●Metabolism

●Excretion

●药效学和药代动力学是药理学的两个主要领域。前者研究药物对

生物系统的影响，后者研究生物系统对药物的影响。在描述药物的药代动力学性质的时候，药理学家往往对药物的释放，吸收，分布，代谢，排泄感兴趣。

●

●High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), sometimes called

high-performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱法, is a separation分离technique based on a immobilized 固定的stationary phase固定相and a liquid mobile phase流动相.

Separations are achieved by partition分配, adsorption吸附, ionexchange离子交换or size-exclusion分子排阻processes,

depending upon the type of stationary phase used. HPLC has distinct advantages over gas chromatography for the analysis of organic compounds. Compounds to be analyzed are dissolved in 溶解an organic liquid, and most separations take place at room temperature.

●高压液相色谱法（HPLC），有时也被称为高效液相色谱法，是基

于一个固定的固定相和液体流动相的分离技术。分离是通过分配，吸附，离子交换或分子排阻的过程实现的，取决于所使用的固定相的类型。高效液相色谱法对有机化合物的气相色谱分析有明显的优势。被分析的化合物溶解在有机液体中，并且大多数的分离发生在室温下。

●Ion-exchange chromatography离子交换色谱法is used to separate

water-soluble, ionizable compounds of molecular weight less than 1500. the stationary phases are usually synthetic organic resins合成有机树脂: cationexchange resins 阳离子交换树脂contain negatively charged带负电荷的active sites 活性位点and are used to separate分离basic 碱性的substances such as amines胺类, while anionexchange resins阴离子交换树脂have positively charged 带正电荷的active sites for separation of compounds with negatively charged groups, such as phosphate磷酸盐, sulfonate磺酸盐, or carboxylate羧酸盐groups.

●离子交换色谱法被用来分离水溶性的，可电离的，分子量小于1500

的化合物。固定相通常是合成有机树脂：阳离子交换树脂包含用于分离碱性物质如胺的带负电荷的活性位点，而阴离子交换树脂具有带正电荷分离化合物的活性位点与带负电荷的基团，如磷酸盐，磺酸盐，或羧酸盐基团。

●

●In size–exclusion chromatography分子排阻色谱法, columns are

packed with a porous stationary phase多孔固定相. Molecules of the compounds being chromatographed用色谱法分析are filtered过滤according to size. Those too large to enter the pores pass unretained 不被保留through the column. Smaller molecules enter the pores and are increasingly retained as molecular size decreases. These columns are typically used to measure aggregation聚合and degradation降解of large molecules.

●在分子排阻色谱法中，色谱柱填充有多孔性固定相。化合物用色

谱法分析按分子大小筛选。那些太大而而不能进入色谱柱毛孔的不会被保留。更小的分子进入毛细孔，随着分子尺寸的减小渐渐保留。这些色谱柱通常用于测量大分子的聚合和降解。

●mammo-乳房,乳腺breast, mammary gland

●mammoplasia乳腺增生

●mammary gland hyperplasia 乳腺增生

●The occurrence of mammoplasia is related with age, lactation哺乳,

endocrine内分泌and emotion etc.乳腺增生病的发生与年龄，哺乳期，内分泌和情绪等有关。

●Breast pain, mammary gland hyperplasia, its main reason is endocrine

disorders.乳腺痛，乳腺增生，其主要原因是内分泌失调。

●Disease of mammoplasia is a kind of common disease,

frequently-occurring disease.乳腺增生病是一种常见病，多发病。

Long-term intake of hormone will probably result in mammoplasia and even ovarian cyst卵巢囊肿in women.

●激素长期服用可能会导致女性乳房发育甚至卵巢囊肿。

●reno-,reni-,ren-肾

●Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)肾素-血管紧张

素-醛固酮系统plays a role in target organ injuries such as

atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化, left ventricular hypertrophy左心室肥大, heart failure心衰and renal failure肾衰. Pressure

overload压力负荷can lead to the activation of

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and then left ventricular

remodeling重构occurs. Captopril卡托普利can reverse 逆转

this progress.

肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）是靶器官损害的重要因素，如动脉粥样硬化，左心室肥厚，心脏衰竭和肾功能衰竭。压力超负荷可导致肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统激活，然后左心室发生重构。卡托普利能扭转这一进程。

●oligo-,olig-少,缺少,寡,低

●oligonucleotide 寡核苷酸short chain nucleotide核苷酸

below 20 bases碱基

●oligopeptide 寡肽,低聚肽(2-6 AA：amino acid氨基酸)

●oligosaccharide 低聚糖,寡糖An oligosaccharide contains 2 to

20 sugar units joined by glycosidic bonds糖苷键.

●prostato-,prostat-前列腺prostaglandin,PG 前列腺素

prostacyclin,PGI2 前列环素

●

●Prostacyclin（PGI2 ）, thromboxane血栓素antagonist拮抗剂, is

a powerful vasodilator血管舒张剂and inhibits platelet aggregation

血小板聚集, so it can prevent the thrombosis血栓形成.

●superoxide 超氧化物

●superoxide dismutase (SOD) 超氧化物歧化酶

●Phosphatidylcholine磷脂酰胆碱，卵磷脂(PC) could increase

the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in heart and brain tissues,

decreased the content of lipid peroxide脂质过氧化物(LPO) and lipofuscin脂褐质.

●能提高在心脏和脑组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性，

降低过氧化脂质（LPO）和脂褐素的含量。

●Nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应usually occurs

on the positively charged带正电荷的or part of a positively charged carbon which is attacked and substituted 被取代by negatively

charged or part of a negatively charged nucleophile亲核试剂.

●亲核取代通常发生在带正电荷的或部分正电荷的碳上，这些

碳被带负电荷的或带负电荷的亲核取代

●

●Organic food有机食品does not contain artificial food

additives人工食品添加剂and preservatives防腐剂like

hydrogenated fats氢化油, phosphoric acid磷酸, aspartame阿司帕坦and monosodium glutamate谷氨酸一钠.

●有机食品不包含人工食品添加剂和防腐剂如氢化油，磷酸，

阿司帕坦和谷氨酸一钠.

●penicilli-,penicill-青霉（素）penicillin

●

●The penicilins are classified as β- lactam内酰胺drugs

because of their unique four-membered 四元lactam ring. They

share features of chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacologic and clinical effects, and immunologic characteristics with cephalosporins 头孢菌素. All penicilins have the basic structure - a thiazolidine

ring噻唑烷环(A) is attached to a β- lactam ring (B) that carries a secondary amino仲胺group (RNH-). Structural integrity of the

6-APA nucleus 母核is essential for the biologic activity of these

compounds . Penicilins, like all β- lactam antibiotics, inhibit

bacterial growth by interfering with a specific step in bacterial cell

wall synthesis.

青霉素属于β-内酰胺类药物，是因为其独特的四元环内酰胺环。它与头孢菌素有共同的化学特点，作用机制，药理学性质，临床疗效和免疫学特性。所有青霉素类都有四氢噻唑环的基本结构，它是连接到一个含有仲胺基团的β-内酰胺环（B）。6-APA母核是这种化合物的生物活性必不可少的。青霉素，像所有的β-内酰胺类抗生素一样，通过干扰细菌细胞壁的合成这一具体步骤来抑制细菌的生长。

●phospholipid 磷脂phosphatidyl 磷脂酰

●Phosphatidyl Choline (PC) 卵磷脂Phosphatidyl

Ethanolamine (PE) 脑磷脂

●

●Phosphatidyl Choline (PC) and Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine (PE)

are important sorts of phospholipids, being widely used in the field of food, pharmacy and so on.

卵磷脂（PC），脑磷脂（PE）是两种重要的磷脂，被广泛用于食品，制药等。

●Vardenafil伐地那非is a novel, potent and highly selective

phosphodiesterase磷酸二酯酶type 5 inhibitor with a potency效能about 10-fold higher than sildenafil西地那非which is the first line therapy for the broad erectile dysfunction勃起功能障碍

population.

伐地那非是一个新的，强大的和高选择性的5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂，效能高于西地那非10倍，是广泛使用的一线治疗勃起功能障碍人群的药物。

●Cefradine头孢拉定was identified鉴别by infrared

spectrophotometry红外分光光度法, HPLC高效液相色谱法or thin-layer chromaography薄层色谱法(TLC), and the contents含量of cefradine and its polymers聚合物were determinated测定by HPLC and size-exclusion chromatography分子排阻色谱,

respectively分别地according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 中国药典2010 edition版本.

●ribo-,rib-核糖ribose

●deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧(核糖)核苷酸

●DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

DNA is a long-chain deoxyribonucleotide polymer聚合物that is the primary genetic material of all cells. DNA, which

consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections突出of purines嘌呤(adenine腺嘌呤and guanine鸟嘌呤) and pyrimidines嘧啶(thymine胸腺嘧啶and cytosine胞嘧啶), forms a double helix双螺旋that is held together by hydrogen bonds氢键between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and

guanine to cytosine).

DNA是脱氧核苷酸长链高分子聚合物，它是主要的细胞遗传物质。DNA，组成f在polysugar -磷酸possessing backbone of浆（腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤的投影）和嘧啶（胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶），形成双螺旋that is held together by and betweenthese 浆氢债券嘧啶（胸腺嘧啶和胞嘧啶鸟嘌呤腺嘌呤to to）。

●deoxyribonucleotide →gene →DNA →chromosome

●Chromosome染色体is the main carrier of DNA.

●There is a DNA in a chromosome.

●DNA + protein →chromosome

●DNA is the primary genetic material.

●There are many genes in a DNA.

●Gene is the segment 片段of DNA which carries携带information.

● A gene consists of numerous deoxyribonucleotide.

●一个由许多基因组成的脱氧核苷酸。

●Deoxyribonucleotide sequence脱氧核糖核苷酸序列in gene stands

for genetic information.

●Genetic information遗传信息contains in 4 kinds of basic sequences

碱基序列.

●schizo-,schiz-裂,分裂

●schizophrenia 精神分裂症antipsychotics抗精神病药

●Atypical antipsychotics非典型抗精神病药物such as olanzapine

奥氮平, risperidone利培酮, quetiapine奎硫平have generally been accepted now as first choice 首选for the treatment治疗of schizophrenia.

●sept,septic-腐(败)

●Staphylococcus aureus金黄色葡萄球菌can cause a range of

illnesses from minor 轻微的skin infections皮肤感染to

life-threatening威胁生命的diseases, such as pneumonia肺炎,

endocarditis心内膜炎and sepsis败血症.

●syphilo-梅毒syphilis 梅毒First-choice drug:

Penicillin

●TP- Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体Jarisch-Herxheimer(J-H)

reaction 吉海反应

●Symptoms: shiver颤抖, high fever高热, headache, muscle and

skeleton pain, skin flush潮红, nausea恶心, palpitation心悸, hidrosis 盗汗, etc.

●Syphilis is a chronic慢性的infectious 传染的disease of great

harmfulness caused by Treponema pallidum, mainly spread through sexual contact性接触and blood.

梅毒是一种危害性极大的慢性传染病由梅毒螺旋体引起的，主要通过性接触和血液传播。

●-tensin升压素,紧张素angiotensinogen 血管紧张素原

●angiotensin 血管紧张素ⅠⅡⅢ

●Renin 肾素acts upon angiotensinogen to split off分裂the

inactive precursor 无活性的前体decapeptide十肽angiotensinⅠ.

AngiotensinⅠis then converted, primarily by endothelial 内皮的

ACE, to the arterial vasoconstrictor血管收缩剂octapeptide八肽angiotensinⅡ, which is in turn converted in the adrenal gland肾上腺to angiotensin Ⅲ. AngiotensinⅡhas vasoconstrictor and

sodium-retaining 保钠activity. AngiotensinⅡand angiotensin Ⅲboth stimulate促进aldosterone醛固酮release.

肾素-血管紧张素原作用于分裂无活性的前体十肽血管紧张素Ⅰ。然后血管紧张素Ⅰ被转换，主要由内皮ACE转换成动脉血管收缩剂八肽血管紧张素Ⅱ，这反过来转换肾上腺血管紧张素Ⅲ。血管紧张素Ⅱ有血管收缩性和钠保留活性。血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管紧张素Ⅲ刺激醛固酮释放。

●Inhibitors of angiotensin血管紧张素抑制剂

●(1) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂

●Drugs such as captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, fosinopril, etc.药物如卡托

普利，依那普利，赖诺普利，福辛普利，等

●(2) Angiotensin Receptor-Blocking Agents血管紧张素受体阻断剂

-blockers of the angiotensinⅡtype 1 (AT1) receptor，血管紧张素Ⅱ1型（AT1）受体阻断剂

●Drugs such as losartan, valsartan, candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan,

and telmisartan.药物如氯沙坦，缬沙坦，坎地沙坦，依普沙坦，厄贝沙坦，替米沙坦。

●The blockers阻断剂of AT1 receptor have no effect on bradykinin

缓激肽metabolism新陈代谢and are therefore more selective选择性的blockers of angiotensin effects than ACEI. 血管紧张素受体阻滞剂的影响

●tuberculo-,tubercul-结核tuberculosis 结核病

●uberculosis a chronic 慢性的infectious diseases caused by

mycobacterium tuberculosis结核分支杆菌infection.

●Common symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis肺结核are a chronic

cough 慢性咳嗽with blood-tinged sputum带血痰, fever, night

sweats夜间盗汗and weight loss.

●

●Diarrhoeal腹泻的disease is a leading cause of child mortality死亡

率and morbidity发病率in the world, and mostly results from

contaminated污染的food and water sources.

●typho-,typh-伤寒;斑疹伤寒typhoid 似斑疹伤寒的;伤寒

●Typhoid is an acute infectious diseases急性传染性疾病of

digestive tract 消化道caused by typhoid bacillus 杆菌( Salmonella typhi伤寒沙门氏菌).

●

●Anemia贫血is not related with iron metabolism in vivo体内in

patients who has urinemia尿毒症, the main reason is lacking of

erythropoietin促红细胞生成素.

●ventro-,ventri-,ventr-腹,腹侧,前侧abdomin-; laparo-; gastero-

腹

●laparoscopy; abdominoscopy 腹腔镜检查

●Laparoscopy can check for certain conditions, such as endometriosis

腹腔镜检查有一定的条件，如子宫内膜异位, adhesions粘连, fibroids子宫肌瘤, ovarian cysts卵巢囊肿and ectopic pregnancy子宫外孕.

●verti-,vert-,vers-转,旋转vertigo 眩晕giddiness,

dizziness

●Disorders of the vestibular system前庭系统of the inner ear内耳

can cause vertigo and shaky摇晃的, blurred vision视力模糊.

●viro-,viru-,vir-病毒,毒virus viral vector 病毒载体

retrovirus 逆转录病毒lentivirus慢病毒

adenovirus 腺病毒

Retroviruses are small RNA viruses that can infect and replicate exclusively逆转录病毒是专门的小RNA病毒仅仅可以感染和复制的within dividing分裂的cells and are capable of能够integrating整合their genome基因组into the host cell 宿主细胞DNA.

●The lentiviruses are a subset of retroviruses that can infect dividing

and nondividing cells. 慢病毒是逆转录病毒，可以感染分裂和不发生分裂的细胞的一个子集

●Adenoviruses are macromolecular大分子的, non-enveloped 无包膜,

double-stranded双链的, linear DNA viruses that enter into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis受体介导的胞吞, replicate

independently of host cell division.独立复制的宿主细胞分裂

●viscero,viscer-内脏internal organs visceroptosis 内脏下

垂（ptosis下垂）

●Some gastroptosis胃下垂patients have amalgamative合并的

other internal organs内脏prolapse下垂such as nephroptosis肾下垂, hepatoptosis肝下垂, splenoptosis脾下垂etc.

●volumo-,volu-,volumeno-容量,容积volume volumetry 容量分

析法volumetric analysis

●volumetric容量法的,体积的,容积的

●V olumetry is also known as titrimetry滴定分析法(titrimetric

analysis) which is a kind of important quantitative analysis定量分析.

●xantho-,xanth-黄,黄色yellow xanthic, xanthous 黄色的●xanthine 黄嘌呤xanthine alkaloids hypoxanthine 次黄嘌呤

●Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks. Drugs such as

allopurinol inhibit uric acid synthesis.

●秋水仙碱用于治疗急性痛风发作。异嘌呤醇等药物

抑制尿酸合成。

●xylo-,xyl-木wood xylitol木糖醇(-itol糖醇)

●Xylitol is a sweetener甜味剂and as sweet as sugar.

●It can prevent tooth decay龋齿, improve liver function and reduce

weight.改善肝功能、减轻体重。

●Unlike most sugar molecules which are based on a six-carbon

structure, Xylitol is based on five carbon atoms. 不像大多数的糖分子都是基于一六碳结构，木糖醇是基于五个碳原子的。

●

●Common morphemes of colors共同形态数的颜色

●erythro- 红●xantho- 黄

cyano- 蓝●chloro- 绿

vio- 紫●leuc(k)o-,albo- 白

melano-, nigro- 黑

polio- 灰

●glauco- 青

●chrom- 颜色

● 1 Which of the following descriptions does not accord with xylitol木

糖醇?C

● A. It is based on five-carbon structure.它是基于五个碳结构。 B. it can

prevent decayed tooth.它可以防止蛀牙

● C. It is not as sweet as sugar. D. It is a sweetener.

● E. It can improve liver function and reduce weight.

●

● 2 Disorders of the vestibular前庭system of the inner ear can cause

E .

● A. Muscle肌肉and skeleton骨骼pain. B. myotonia and

tremor. 肌强直、震颤。

● C. high blood pressure and elevated blood sugar.高血糖血压

● D. diarrhea and intestinal spasm. 腹泻、肠痉挛。

● E. vertigo and blurred vision.眩晕和视力模糊。

●3．Which of the following morphemes means black ? E

● A. cyano- B. vio- C.chloro- D. xantho- E.

melano-

● 4. Laparoscopy 腹腔镜手术can check for the following conditions

except B .

● A. Adhesions粘连 B. trachoma沙眼 C. ovarian cysts卵

巢囊肿 D. ectopic pregnancy宫外孕 E. fibroids 子宫肌瘤

● 1. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks. Drugs such as

allopurinol inhibit uric acid synthesis.

● 2. Both sildenafil and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase inhibitors, but

theophyline is xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

● 3. The adenoviruses are a subset of retroviruses that can infect

dividing and nondividing cells.

● 4. Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease of great harmfulness caused

by Treponema pallidum, mainly spread through sexual contact and blood.

药学英语第4版课后练习判断题翻译及答案

多媒体技术教程》（第三版）习题解答第1章绪论 1．多媒体信息系统和多媒体计算机有什么不同？在概念上应如何看待两者之间的关系？多媒体信息系统是新一代高度集成的、功能强大的、智能化的计算机信息系统，它是提供多媒体信息、辅助人们对环境进行控制和决策的系统，是基于计算机、通信网络等现代化的工具和手段，服务于管理领域的信息处理系统。而多媒体计算机指的是硬件设施，多媒体计算机是多媒体信息系统得以应用的平台。 2．试归纳叙述多媒体关键特性以及这些特性之间的关系。多媒体的关键特性主要包括信息载体的多样性、交互性和集成性这三个方面，这既是多媒体的主要特征，也是在多媒体研究中必须解决的主要问题。信息载体的多样性是相对于计算机而言的，指的就是信息媒体的多样化，有人称之为信息多维化；多媒体的第二个关键特性是交互性，多媒体系统将向用户提供交互式使用、加工和控制信息的手段，为应用开辟更加广阔的领域，也为用户提供更加自然的信息存取手段；多媒体的集成性主要表现在两个方面，一是多媒体信息媒体的集成，二是处理这些媒体的设备与设施的集成。信息载体的多样性是集成性的基础，没有多种信息媒体，也就无法进行多媒体信息的集成化处理；而处理多媒体的设备与设施的集成性是实现交互性的前提，没有系统、网络、软硬件设施的集成，就无法为用户交互式使用、加工和控制信息提供平台。 3．为什么说多媒体缩短了人类信息交流的路径？人类与计算机进行信息交流的目的是什么？与以往的方法相比，计算机在数据处理方面有了很大的改善。计算机所提供的功能强大的数据组织和构造技术，如传统数据结构中的数组、向量、队列、堆栈、树和堆等，为动态地加工和处理数据提供了基础。高效的算法和高速的网络通信，大大地加强了用文字和数据表示概念的能力并加速了它的传递过程。但人类并不是仅仅依赖文本这一类单一的数据形式来传递所有的信息和接受概念的，图像、声音等多媒体信息都是人类获取和传递信息极为重要的渠道。图像的信息量最大，一幅画胜过千言万语，最直观、最能一目了然。而动态的影像视频和动画则更生动、更逼真、更接近客观世界的原型、更能反映事物的本质和内涵。声音和文字也是信息的重要媒体，综合应用不仅有利于接受，也有利于存储（记忆）和保留。这就意味着必须同时启动大脑的形象思维和逻辑思维，才能更好地获得更多更有用的信息。因此，通过多种感觉器官用多种信息媒体形式向人提供信息才算是更好的表达方法，它不仅加速和改善了理解，并且提高了信息接受的兴趣和注意力。多媒体正是利用各种信息媒体形式，集成地用声、图、文等来承载信息，也就是缩短信息传递的路径。人类与计算机进行信息交流的目的是为了高效的获取、传递以及使用信息。计算机的发展使得人类的信息处理手段得到加强，高速的计算能力扩展了对数据进行重复计算的能力，大规模的存储扩展了记忆信息的范围，高速通信网使得我们可以同远在异地他乡的同事、朋友、亲人甚至陌生人进行快速的信息交换。这些机器成为我们与他人进行交流的中介。第2章媒体及媒体技术 1．为什么说媒体具有不同的抽象层次？对媒体的抽象层次和性质进行小结。在获得媒体语义的过程中，抽象起着十分重要的作用，这种抽象是复杂的，而且与任务有关。通常包括若干抽象层，每一个抽象层都包含着与具体的任务和问题域有关的模型。从接近具体感官的信息表示层到接近符号的信息表示层，信息的抽象程度递增，而数据量则递减。语义就是在从感官数据到符号数据的抽象过程中逐步形成的。对不同媒体来说，媒体的语义是处于不同层次上的。抽象的程度不同，语义的重点也就不同。

(完整版)药剂学专业英语词汇

药剂学专业英语词汇 A absolute biaoavailability 绝对生物利用度 absorption 吸收 acacia 阿拉伯胶 accelerated stability 加速稳定性试验 accumulation factor 蓄积因子 active targeting 主动靶向 active transport 主动转运 additives 附加剂 adhesives 粘合剂 adjuvant 辅料 administration 给药；服法；用法 aerosil 微粉硅胶 aerosol 气雾剂 agar 琼脂 aggregation 凝聚（作用） albumin 白蛋白 alginate(alginic acid) 海藻酸盐（海藻酸） amorphous form 无定型 amphiphilic 两亲性的 ampoule 安瓿 angle of friction 摩擦角 angle of repose 休止角 anion exchange resin 阴离子交换树脂 antiadherents 抗粘合剂 antioxidant 抗氧剂 antiseptics 防腐剂；消毒剂 apparent first-order absorption(elimination) rate constant 表观一级吸收（消除）常数 apparent volume of distribution 表观分布容积 aromatic waters 芳香水剂 aseptic manipulation 无菌操作 autoclave 高压灭菌器 autoxidation 自动氧化 Azone 1-十二烷基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮（氮酮）

药学专业英语简历

个人履历教育背景: 2002-9---2006-02 在医学院药学系学习了所有药学专业的课程。在医院中药房、西药房、住院药房、门诊药房、药库实习。熟悉了医院工作环境和规章制度，及相关药事管理方面的工作。在针剂，片剂和中药车间实习。熟悉了药品生产流程，质量控制程序等相关方面的工作。使得在销售工作中对客户提出的相关问题能够给出专业的答案。 2006-3---2006-6 在中药室学习。增加了对药品检验，鉴定等相关实验室知识。并在此期间完成了毕业论文的设计，获得毕业答辩“优秀论文”评定。证书及技能 2004.9全国计算机等级三级证书 2005.12大学英语六级证书能够熟练使用word,excel,PPT等各种办公软件，有良好的英语基础，但是口语欠佳，平时一直在努力学习spoken english 业务经验： 2007.5 在北京丰台区组织举行产品终端宣传会议邀请终端药店，诊所及小医院共60多家参加，宣传公司的产品，销售政策及未来市场规划，加强客户对公司品牌的认知以及对我公司产品市场情况反馈。 2007.7在北京顺义区组织举行产品终端宣传订货会议邀请终端药店，诊所及小医院共88家加，对公司各主要产品进行展示，并举行了现场订货签单。进一步加强公司产品在北京地区的宣传和推广。 2007.8 在石家庄和保定组织二级客户终端分销工作，进行了礼品促销；加

强了同二级客户的关系，加深了二级客户对我们的信任。 2007年，全年销量做到2700多万，居普药部门首位。 2008年，开始团队建设，负责北京，唐山，保定和石家庄区域团队协作。加强管理各区域业务员的二级客户分销工作，将分销工作做得更细致，更深入。 2009．5，在北京平谷区组织举行产品终端宣传订货会议；6月在石家庄组织二级客户终端分销工作。 2010年—至今，依然负责北京及其周边地区的销售工作。自我评价: ◆乐观、自信、积极向上 ◆很强的学习能力，能快速接受新事物 ◆较强的执行能力、沟通能力和良好的团队合作精神求职意向：山西运城，西安或北京地区商务代表 Resume . Certifications and Skills 2004/09 National Computer Rank Examination Certificate. 3 2005/12 College English Test-6 2008/05-2008/07 The purchases/sales License of pharmaceuticals. Skillful in Microsoft Office(Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc); Fluently in oral English and skillful in listening、reading、writing. Assignment experience

药学英语

《药学英语》课程教学大纲一、课程教学目的与任务开设药学英语旨在从培养高级应用型人才的目标出发，结合药学及相关专业学生毕业后的工作实际，力求为他们提供其未来工作岗位所需要的专业英语知识和技能。通过教学，提高学生借助辞典和其他工具书籍，阅读国外文献的能力，并为将来我国执业药师与国际接轨做准备。二、理论教学的基本要求学完该课程后，在知识、技能和能力上分别应达到的以下程度：了解英文药学文献的写作特点和格式，学习如何分析和理解英语长句。英国药典和美国药典的背景知识和使用方法，了解FDA的职责和功能；理解各章节PartA部分课文意思及PartB部分药品说明书中的常见例句；掌握掌握药品说明书必须书写的10个项目及其常用词汇，能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀；能用所学知识书写简单的英语药品说明书。三、实践教学的基本要求本课程实践学时全部以课堂对话形式进行，无单独实验项目。四、教学学时分配

五、教学内容 Unit1 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习，理解课文意思；掌握药品说明书的作用、项目；能够归纳出一些常见的化学基团的英文词缀。教学重点：常用专业单词，如Pharmaceutical等的用法。教学难点：文章翻译；常见的化学基团的英文词缀。主要内容：PartAForeign Investment in Chinese Pharmaceutical Sector；PartB第1节药品名称；PartCChina—from self-sufficiency to World Leadership。 Unit 2 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思；掌握常用专业单词，如supervision等的用法；掌握描述药物性状的常见句型；掌握药物性状的常用表达方式。教学重点：常见的药物性状。教学难点：常见描述药物性状的单词或短语。主要内容：PartAFDA: Policeman or Teacher；PartB第2节药物性状；PartC Data Required for Drug Approval。 Unit 3 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型，常用专业单词，如临床药理(Clinical Pharmacology)、药效(Potency)、毒性(Toxicity)等。教学重点：英文药品说明书中描写适应症的常见描短语或句型。教学难点：文章翻译。主要内容：PartA Pharmacological Tablet；PartB第2节药物性状。 Unit 4 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生理解课文意思；掌握英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。教学重点：英文药品说明书中常见描写适应症、禁忌症的短语或句型。教学难点：文章翻译。主要内容：PartA Chemistry and Matter；PartB第4节适应症、第5节禁忌症。 Unit 5 教学目的和要求：通过本章节学习,使学生掌握英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。常用专业单词，如常用表示剂量的术语平均剂量（average dose）、常用的剂量单位表示法、每次给药次数的表示方法：每隔…小时（every …hours）、每日三次（three times a day /daily)等。教学重点：英文药品说明书中描写用法用量及不良反应的常见短语或句型。

药学英语第五版原文翻译 (2)(2020年7月整理).pdf

Introduction to Physiology Introduction Physiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry. Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology. To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases. The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on. Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain 生理学简介介绍生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。它研究生物体如何进行各种活动，如何饮食，如何运动，如何适应不断改变的环境，如何繁殖后代。这门学科包罗万象，涵盖了生物体整个生命过程。生理学成功地解释了生物体如何进行日常活动，基于的观点是生物体好比是结构复杂而灵巧的机器，其操作受物理和化学规律控制。尽管从生物学整个范畴看，生物体某些活动过程是相似的——如基因编码的复制——但许多过程还是某些生物体群组特有的。鉴于此有必要将这门学科分成不同部分研究，如细菌生理学、植物生理学和动物生理学。要研究一种动物如何活动，首先需要了解它的构成。要充分了解一个生物体的生理学活动就必须掌握全面的解剖学知识。一个生物体的各部分起着什么作用可通过实验观察得知。尽管我们对志愿者进行了许多重要的生理调查，但是实验条件需要精确控制，所以我们当前大多生理知识还是源于对其它动物如青蛙，兔子，猫和狗等的研究。当我们明确大多数动物物种的特定生理过程存在共同之处时，相同的生理原理适用于人类也是合理的。通过这种方法，我们获得了大量的知识，从而让我们对人类生理学有了更深入的了解，为我们有效治疗许多疾病提供了一个坚实的基础。机体的基本组成物质是细胞，细胞结合在一起形成组织。组织的基本类型有上皮组织，结缔组织，神经组织和肌组织，每类组织都有各自的特征。许多结缔组织中细胞量相对较少，但是有大量的细胞外基质。相比而言，光滑的肌组织由大量密密麻麻的肌细胞通过特定的细胞连接组成。各种器官如脑，心脏，肺，小肠和肝等由不同种类的组织聚集而成。这些器官是不同生理系统的组成部分。心脏和血管组成心血管系统；肺，器官，支气管，胸壁和膈肌组成呼吸系统；骨骼和骨骼肌组成骨骼肌系统；大脑，脊髓，自主神经和神经中枢以及

药学英语课后翻译

药学英语课后翻译 Organic Chemistry Translation 1.没有化学的帮助，现代医学所取得的令人瞩目的进展是不可能的。 The remarkable advances made in modern medicine would not have been possible without the aid of chemistry. 2.既然人体从本质上讲是一台化学机器，那么，有人体功能的化学知识对医生来说就显得至关重要了。 Since the body is essentially a chemical machine, a knowledge of the chemistry of bodily functions seems essential to the physician. 3.通过植物和动物生产食品涉及到分子中原子的重新排列问题。 The production of food by plants and animals involves the rearrangement of atoms in molecules. 4.幸运的是，很少有其他工作能像研究化学那样更能激励人们去取得成功。Fortunately, few kinds of work seem to urge people on to success more effectively than does the pursuit of chemistry. 5.迄今为止，寻求合成制品背后的动机便是祈盼以更少的钱为更多的人生产更好的东西。 So far the motive behind the search for synthetics has been a wish to produce better things for less money, and for more people. 6.人们从活体分离出越来越多的纯净物质，并认识到它们都含有碳元素，这样便诞生了有机化学 Isolation of increasing numbers of purified materials from living forms and recognition of the fact that all contained carbon gave birth to organic chemistry. 7.煤与氧结合在炉中燃烧，生成二氧化碳——一种在成分和化学性质上都不同于煤和氧的全新物质。 When coal is burned in a furnace it combines with oxygen to give carbon dioxide, a new substance with different composition and properties from coal and oxygen. 8.许多特定的化学反应之所以重要，是由于它们耗用或提供能量。 Many specific chemical reactions are important because of the energy which they use or supply. 9.在有机化学学习中，学生希望用他们熟悉的符号构成二维或三维空间的分子结构式。 In the study of organic chemistry, students are expected to use familiar symbols which are constructed into two- or three-dimensional molecular formulas. 10.从我们吃的食品、穿的衣服，到住的楼房，所有这些都在很大程度上被有机化学更新了。 From the food we eat, the clothes we wear to the buildings we live in, all have been fashioned to a considerable extent by organic chemistry. Herbal medicine Translation 1.植物王国曾是人类唯一的药房，但你今天走进现代药店，植物用药已是踪影难寻。 The plant kingdom was once man’s only pharmacy. Yet when you enter a modern chemist’s shop today, you can hardly find a sign of the use of plants in medicine.

2012药学英语翻译

Unit 1 Green pharmacy-herbal medicine 1) Plant kingdom once was mere pharmacy of the human race, but now when you get into the modern pharmacy, plant-derived drugs have been hardly found. 2) Although today the number of plant-based drugs has been decreased, the effective chemicals in many tables, capsule and bottle-contained drugs are originated from plant kingdom. 3) Among chemical substances contained in plants, some must be toxic, but some must be drugs available to us. 4) During the millions of years since man came to the earth, he has been doing experiments on a variety of plants about him. 5) There exist mistrust, suspicion and hostility between the orthodox medicine and herbal practitioners for many years, which are threatening the possibility of establishing good working relationship. 6) When we think of the effectiveness of quinine, the great contributions made by herbal medicine to medical science are quite evident. 7) However, in the past few decades, the number of newly-introduced drugs has obviously decreased. 8) The medical legacy of our motherland is an inexhaustible new-drug treasure, which remains us to tap with new methods. 9) If pharmacological method had not been introduced to the study of vinca rosea, the discovery of vincaleukoblastine would have been postponed by many years. 10) Western medicine hardly believes that someone who knows nothing of a disease mechanism could be capable of curing it. Unit 2 How does human body fight disease? People tend to believe that antibiotics were invented by human being, but in fact, they are purely natural products. Since Alexander Fleming, a British biologist discovered anti-microbial substance released by the Penicillium fungi in 1928, it has been learned that this substance can produce powerful antibiotic effect. In fact, antibiotics, are exactly manufactured by organisms, namely, bacteria and fungi, which people aim to destroy. After Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, Selma Walksman in 1943 isolated Streptomycin from a soil bacterium, Streptomycus griseus. Scientists have not made it clear completely why organisms can produce antibiotics. This question has become the topic for discussion. Why antibiotics are useful in medicine is that they can not only kill microbes, but also not kill the body cells as they do to the microbes, body cells are entirely different from those of bacteria cells, so that they can avoid being destroyed at the same time. Thus, antibiotics are called “magic bullet”because they may be particularly used to aim at certain microbes. This feature of antibiotics also makes them essentially different from anti-microbial agents: the latter tends to have poison to a majority of cells, whether the cells of bacteria or the body cells. Unit 3 Drug dependence Studies indicate that drug dependencies both a health problem and a social concern. The drug dependence affects not only individual’s health but also the public health at the same time. The drug use has obviously and severely negative effects on the human brain and physical health. But drug abuse and addiction have huge and potential threat, because whether the drug is used directly

药学专业英语

广东药学院精品课程、优质课程申报书课程名称药学专业英语课程性质□公共必修课□基础必修课 □专业主要课程□其它申报类型□精品课程□优质课程课程负责人曾爱华所属二级学院药科学院（盖章）所属教研室药学综合教研室申报日期2009 年 5 月18 日广东药学院教务处制

1.课程基本信息及指导思想

课程教育思想观念《药学专业英语》课程是药学英语特色专业的一项重要专业课，是学生在学完公共英语之后的延续，其要旨在于帮助学生完成从基础英语到专业英语的过渡。药学专业英语是一门英语与药学交叉的科目，在讲授专业英语课时，首先主要通过教师在课堂上用英语讲授，配以课堂讨论，并要求学生以英语发言，提高学生的英语听说能力；其次布置大量阅读材料让学生自学，通过教师的适当检查，或让学生在课堂上讲解，提高学生阅读专业英语书籍的能力；最后将部分专业阅读材料布置给学生做学习翻译的课外练习，在课堂上讨论学生作业中的错误和翻译技巧问题，提高学生翻译的技能。在教学过程中，注意培养学生独立思考和学习的能力，使学生在课程结束后，在实际工作中，能较流畅地阅读专业英语资料，为进一步的工作和科研奠定基础。我们认为，在当今社会发展日新月异的情况下，在授课过程中我们力争做到面向每个学生，充分考虑学生的个性，充分发挥每一位学生的主动性和潜能，进而建立平等、和谐的师生关系。从教师的职责而言：（1）教师是学生学习的设计者与帮助者。（2）教师应成为创新思维型、学者型教师。（3）教师要与时俱进，终身学习。

为了提高教师本身的素质，我们认为：（1）积极参加教学研究活动是转变教师教育观念的最有效途径，鼓励教师参与教学研究，尤其是参与教学方法改革、课程改革等方面的研究。多参加教学课题的申报、实施和积累。（2）观察学习。要求年轻教师积极参加听教学经验丰富老教师的授课，使教师能在学习别人良好经验的过程中更新自己的教育方式。观察学习是学习者通过有意识的观察和学习，并对自己观察到的内容进行消化和吸收，在此基础上加以创新。（3）教学小组研讨会。针对某一有代表性的教育、教学事件，教师之间可以展开小组讨论。教研室要积极进行教师教学集体备课。说明：1、本申报书各项内容阐述时请注意以事实和数据为依据，各表格不够可加页。 2、申报精品课程必须有课程网站，未被评选为精品课程者自动参与优质课程评选。 2. 师资队伍

药学英语课文翻译课后翻译节选中英双语对照第四版

本篇包括人卫第四版Unit 3B，Unit4A，5A，8A，10A，12AB，13A等七篇课文Unit 3 Text B The Other Side of Antibiotics 抗生素的另一面 Antibiotics have eliminated or controlled so many infectious diseases that virtually everyone has benefited from their use at one time or another. Even without such personal experience, however, one would have to be isolated indeed to be unaware of the virtues, real and speculative, of these “miracle” drugs1. The American press, radio, and television have done a good job of reporting the truly remarkable story of successes in the chemical war on germs. What′s more, any shortcomings on their part have been more than made up for by the aggressive public relations activity of the pharmaceutical companies which manufacture and sell antibiotics. 抗生素可以消除或控制很多种感染疾病，以致几乎每人生病时都习惯于使用它而受益，但是如果一个人没有这样的亲身经历，他必定是离群索居才会不知道这些“特效药物”或真实或推测的优点。美国的出版物、电台或电视台用大量的篇幅报道了有关对细菌的化学战中获得的这些显着功绩。而它的缺点却被生产和销售抗生素的制药公司通过公关活动掩藏了。 In comparison, the inadequacies and potential dangers of these remarkable drugs are much less widely known. And the lack of such knowledge can be bad, especially if it leads patients to pressure their doctors into prescribing antibiotics when such medication isn’t really needed, or leads them to switch doctors until they find one who is, so to speak, antibiotics-minded2. 相比而言，使用这些药物的危险性并不广为人知。对这种知识的缺乏将更糟糕，特别是当患者要求医生开处方用抗生素而事实并不需要，或患者频繁地更换医生直至找到一个同意开抗生素处方的医生。 Because the good side of the antibiotics story is so very well-known, there seems more point here to a review of some of the immediate and long-range problems that can come from today’s casual use of these drugs. It should be made clear in advance that calamities from the use of antibiotics are rare in relation to the enormous amounts of the drugs administered. But the potential hazards, so little touched on generally, do need a clear statement. 因为抗生素的好的一面已广为人知，今天抗生素的滥用导致短期或长期问题。我们预先应该知道与抗生素的巨大的使用量相比,它产生危害的例子是少见的。但是，尽管十分少见，需要对这种潜在的危险作一个清楚的说明。 The antibiotics are not, strictly speaking, exclusively prescription drugs. A number of them are permitted in such over-the-counter products as nasal sprays, lozenges, troches, creams, and ointments. Even if these products do no harm there is no point whatsoever in using them. If you have an infection