专升本英译汉1
英译汉
1．Marketing is the creative process of satisfying the customer needs profitably. 2．They have made an offer of $14,0000 for the house.
3．Agents are paid commission (佣金)on the amount of goods purchased.
4．There should be not any difficulty in shipping the goods or meeting delivery date. 5．If we set someone at a job and keep him at it continuously without rest, ultimately he will break down and unable to go on.
6．If the price of sugar goes up, the increase will be passed on to the customers. 7．This amounts to a breach of contract（毁约）.
8．The company has adopted a new approach to marketing goods abroad.
9．This proposal is aimed at promoting business.
10．We have come to an agreement on technical transfer.
11．During the negotiation, they agreed upon the payment terms.
12．They have always put business on a sound footing. ( 将…建立在良好的基础上) 13．Most of the manager’s time is devoted to sales.
14．Manufacturers are doing everything they can do to match their products with their customers’ needs.
15．We assumed that the damage occurred at a stage prior to shipment.
16．We have not made any commitment( 承诺) in this respect.
17．The buyer insisted that the seller make a price reduction.
18．Please address complaints to the manager, not me.
19．Its principal services to exporters include market exploration, provision of marketing information.
20．Negotiation is a process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching a joint decision.
21．Do you find any difficulty in applying for import license?
22．Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 23．This operation is quite free from danger.
24．This check is in payment of all commission due to you up to date.
25．We trust that the shipment will reach you in due course (如期).
26．Let’s make this clear in advance.
27．After due consideration, we have decided to allow you a special discount of 5%. 28．Customers fall into two categories: those who spend money for practical purpose and those for enjoyment.
29．This article does not fall under our scope of business.
30．We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it.
31．Before selling to a foreign company, you should make sure it is financially trustworthy.
32．Your desire to enter into business relation with us coincides with ours.
33．We have to be keenly aware of economic change and budgeting policies worldwide. 34．They will take too much advantage of his kindness and generosity.
35．While at sea, a cargo is vulnerable to many dangers.
36．She felt that this moment of interview for her first job was a tremendous inch in her whole existence.
37．Once the plant is operative, it provides both jobs and taxes for host country. 38．They stand (准备) to make a lot of money from this deal.
39．That being the case, we’ll have to reconsider the whole thing.
40．In the long run, it pays to be honest.
41．When we are absorbed in one aspect of a problem, we tend to ignore other aspects. 42．A new problem will arise when the old ones have been solved.
43．The company has been suffering from sales decline.
44．The supermarket was accused of selling fake goods.
45．The new director turned out to be a great disappointment.
46．The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.
47．She was complaining that she was overcharged for the purchase.
48．Cancer is second only to heart disease as a cause of death.
49．After she qualified as a lawyer, she decided to specialize in contract law.
50．The project, if properly managed, could be finished ahead of schedule.
51．She is very particular about what she wears.
52．She is both physically and mentally mature for her age.
53．I will lend you this book only on condition that you do not lend it to anybody else. 54．When asked to make a choice, he was willing to receive extra pay in place of a vacation.
55．Although the family trusted her, she let them down.
56．She was sacked from the firm because she was always late for work. 57．Despite he was nearly seventy-five, he could still beat me at tennis.
58．The meeting started at eight sharp.
59．In general, I agree with you. Practically speaking, I don’t think your idea will work. 60．You should save your work often as a precaution against computer failure. 61．Each of them had a version of what actually happened, but hers was by far more believable.
62．Don’t have him for friend. He is nothing but criminal.
63．Have you made up your mind yet as to where you are going to spend your summer vocation?
64．On no account should we neglect the complaints of the customers.
65．I want to know how to secure a loan to purchase a car.
66．He came to the meeting in spite of his illness.
67．I’m in sympathy with her aims, but I don’t like the way she goes about achieving them.
68．We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.
69．The government has expressed its approval of the plan to build three new power stations.
70．Young as he is, he is in charge of a big project.
71．The project was approved of and is now in the charge of our branch office in China. 72．At last she left the house and got to the airport, only to see the plane flying away. 73．New employees have to attend a sequence of meetings to get familiar with the job. 74．We’ve done our utmost to make the process as simple as possible.
75．For the sake of time, let’s divide the task among groups of us.
76．We need to make the delivery ahead of usual date in case of unexpected delay. 77．They have decided to lodge a claim with the general manager for an extra pay rise. 78．Therefore, exporters and importers have to insure themselves against many of these risks.
79．If your letter of credit (信用证，汇票) fails to reach us by the end of this month, we shall be obliged to cancel the contract.
80．The seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller’s own premises. 81．We will get in touch with you as soon as new supplies are available.
82．We will ship the goods on the first available steamer.
83．The buyer incurred great losses as a result of rough handling of the goods at the port of destination.
84．The quality and quantity of merchandise shipped ultimately depends on the honesty of the seller.
85．It is reasonable for the bank to be cautious when asked to grant a loan.
86．The exchange rate is the price of foreign currency in terms of domestic currency. 87．The recent market developments point to an upward tendency in price.
88．We have a good connection (许多客户) for this product in this city.
89．In other areas in the world, counter-trade (对等贸易) pressures are on the rise. 90．In case you find any of the items in the catalogue interesting, please let us know. 91．We would develop business in this line, given the chance.
92．Such a quantity does not justify a special discount.
93．We are considering entrusting you with the agency for this line of goods.
94．It is not an agreement as such, but it will serve as one.
95．They have placed an order with Booing Company for 20 jet airplanes.
96．Only by knowing the causes of disagreement can an exporter make a reasonable counter-offer.(还盘)。
97．They paid cash, thereby avoiding interest charges.
98．The data is available for only a modest amount of expenditure.
99．When it comes to marketing abroad, the traveling salesman has a lot to say.
100. Your letter of May 5 to our Beijing branch has been passed on to us for our attention.
专升本-英译汉全部
1.As our products have a good reputation both at home and abroad, their demand is increasing year by year.由于我们的产品享誉海内外，其需求量正逐年增加。 2.It is intended that part of the loan will be applied to the capital construction of the college. 计 划将部分贷款用于大学的基础建设。 3.Without the agreement of the two parties, neither party shall have the right to terminate the contract. 在双方未达成一致时，不得单方面终止合同。 4.The guarantee period shall be 12 months starting from the date on which the commodity arrives at the port of destination. 保期应为货物到达目的地之日起的十二个月。 5.The department has adopted a consistent policy of honest, reliable and best services to our clients. 部门规定，对待客户要一直保持诚恳的态度，提供可靠的、最优质的服务。 （04 年）6 We do have a opening in the file department and Mr. Johnson would be happy to discuss the position with you. 我们档案管理部门有一个空缺。关于这一职位，Johnson 先生很想和你谈谈。 7 The two parties in the spirit of friendship and cooperation have entered into an Agreement to sigh the present contract. 本着友好与合作的精神，双方已达成一致，并签署当前的和约。 8 An agenda is enclosed. Also, you will find a map with complete travel directions and a description of the parking facilities. 内附日程表/行程一份。您还会看到一份地图，上面标记了完整的旅行线路，并说明了停车位置。 9 The use of recycled paper is saving thousands of trees from being cut down. 回收纸是为了使成千上万的树木免受砍伐。 10 Today many countries are struggling for exploiting oil reserves, water power and other natural resources under the sea. 目前，许多国家都在努力开发储藏的石油、水力以及海底的其他自然资源。 （05 年）11 Please fill out the application form and return it to me at your earliest convenience. 请填好申请表，并尽快交还给我。 12 Much to our regret, we cannot at present entertain any fresh orders owing to the shortage of raw 1 materials. 十分遗憾，由于原材料短缺，我们目前无法接受任何新订单。 13 We enclose here with a check for the amount of US $880 in payment of your commission. 附上支票一张，金额为880 美金，作为付给你方的佣金/酬劳。 14 They have raised a claim against the insurance company for the damage in transportation. 他们已将在运输中出现的损失告之保险公司。 15 Once a contract is signed, it has legal effect; no party who has signed a contract has the right to break it. 合同一旦签定便具有法律效力；签定合同的任何一方无权终止合同。 (07 年春) 16 Another possibility is that the importers might run into difficulties getting the foreign exchange to pay for the goods. 另外一种可能是，进口商若以外汇支付货款，可能会使自身陷入困境。 17 Specialization and trade increase the economic will-being of both nations regardless of whether one of the nations has a comparative or absolute advantage. 无论两国中任何一方具有相对优势或绝对优势，产业专有化及贸易往来都会推动两国经济的共同繁荣。 18 The more is known about the target market and the buyers for the products concerned, the
英译汉(全)
1、A teacher should have patience in his work. 当老师应当有耐心。 2、A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used.那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。 3、As is known to all, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 4、As long as there is water, plants won't die quickly. 只要有水，植物就不会很快死亡。 5、A good memory is a great help in learning a language好的记忆有助于语言的学习。 6、A lot of natural resources in the mountain area will be exploited and used.那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。 7、All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子 Beijing Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder.北京奥林匹克运动会使得中国人民更加努力工作。 1、Can you express yourself clearly in English?你能用英语清楚地表达自己的意思吗？ 2、Could you tell me where the post office is?请问邮局在哪里？ 3、China will build up a space station in ten years.在十年内，中国将建一个太空站。 1、Don't you think smoking is harmful to your health?你不认为抽烟对你的身体有害吗？ 2、Do you often do your washing in the evening?你经常晚上洗衣服吗？1、Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up.历史每重演一次，代价就增加一分。 2、Everyone was in bed except me.除了我，所有人都上床睡觉了。 Fires may do more damage than the earthquakes.火所造成的损失可能比地震还严重。 Go down this street until you reach the second traffic lights.顺着这条街走，一直走到第二个交通灯处。 1、He is always making excuses for being late 他总是为他的迟到找借口 1、He was too tired to go on reading.他太困了，无法再阅读了。 2、He keeps looking at himself in the mirror.他老是照镜子。 3、He has a foreign friend who lives in America. 他有一个住在美国的外国朋友。 4、He is sweating all over.他出了一身汗。 5、He was satisfied with his new car, and drove to work in it the very next day.他对自己的新车感到很满意，第二 天就开着去上班了。 6、How long will it take us to get there?我们到那儿要用多长时间？ 7、How do you spell your last name? 你的姓是如何拼写的？ 8、How long have you collected your stamps?你集邮有多久了？ 9、He had a traffic accident last week. 他上星期出了一起交通事故。 10、He is a worldwide famous scientist. 他是一位世界著名的科学 家。 11、He has sympathy for all poor people. 他对所有穷苦人都富有同情 心。 12、He doesn't know what life means to him.他不知道人生的意义。 13、He has taught English in this university ever since he moved to this city. 他自从移居到这座城市以 来就一直在这所大学教英语。 1、I'm not an English major student. 我不是英语专业的学生。 2、I'm going to buy a monthly ticket tomorrow.我想明天买张月票。 3、I'm very much eager to improve my oral English.我非常渴望改进我的英 语口语。 4、I'm thinking about a visit to Paris. 我在考虑去巴黎旅游。 5、I am very familiar with his name. 我很熟悉他的名字。 6、I think the picture shows us how fruit is necessary to life.我想这 幅图是告诉我们水果对生活是不可缺 的。 7、It was a hard job, but he did not mind.这项工作很艰苦，但他并不在乎。 8、It's their duty to look after these young trees.他们的责任是照看 这些小树。 8、It's never too late to learn.。 活到老，学到老。 8、It is known to all that exercises are good for health. 众所周知，锻 炼有益于健康。 9、I'll call you as soon as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。 9、I'm going to run for the bus as soon as the bell rings. 铃声一响， 我就要去赶公共汽车。 10、I look forward to hearing from you.我期待着收到您的回信。 11、I came back because of the rain. 因为下雨我就回来了。 12、In an age of plenty, we feel spiritual hunger.在这个物质财富充 裕的时代，我们感到精神上的饥渴。 13、In no other country in the world can you find such plants as this one. 像这样的植物在世界上的其他任何一 个国家都找不到。 14、If you decided to learn a new language, you would have to devote all your efforts to it.如果你决定 学一门新的语言，你必须全力以赴。 15、I read the local newspapers with great interest every evening.每晚 我怀着极大的兴趣读当地报纸。 16、I hope we can have some snow this winter.我希望今年冬天会下点雪。 17、I feel satisfied with my life. 我对生活感到满意。 18、It is not necessary to do this work.没有必要做这项工作。 19、I don't want to spend five dollars on a cup of water. 我不想 花五美元买一瓶水。 20、I think our dream will become true.我认为我们的梦想将成为现实。 21、I think she will change her mind tomorrow. 我想明天她就会改变主意。 22、I'll write to you as soon as I get there.我一到那儿就给你写信。 23、In Foreign Languages Department， a checking machine is used to correct the students' test papers. 在外语系，用阅卷机给学生阅卷。 24、I think the picture shows us how fruits is necessary to life.我想这 幅图是告诉我们水果是生活中不可缺 的。 25、I need to buy some 50-cent stamps. 我需要买一些50美分的邮票。 1、Just because you like, it doesn't mean I will.你喜欢它，并不意味我也 会喜欢。 2、John and his brother differ in personality even if their differences in age are not significant. 尽管约翰和他哥哥在年 纪上相差不大，但他们的个性却不相同。 3、Jenny is fond of reading and often borrows books from the city library.珍妮喜 爱读书，经常从市图书馆借回许多书。 Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have ever lived in China. 李 白是中国有史以来最伟大的诗人之一。 1、My classmate is more clever than I.我的同学比我聪明。 2、My problem is that I don't have much time to do the work.我的问题 在于我没有多少时间干这工作。 3、My grandpa is used to getting up early.我爷爷习惯早起。 4、MR. Lin assigned too much homework today.今天林先生（老师） 留的家庭作业太多了。 Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界上没有什么东西比 光走得更快。 1、Open the window and let the fresh air in.打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。 2、Okay, and I need a pen to fill out the address. 好，我还得借一支笔来
英语专业8级英译汉。
1. Contrast Between English and Chinese Put the following into Chinese, pay special attention to the linguistic differences between English and Chinese. Sentence translation: 1.Now that you are in for it, you must carry on. 2.Cigarettes were the death of me. 3.If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. 4.If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always. 5.Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy. 6.They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life such as gas and electricity. 7.Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative. 8.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. 9.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives. 10.It should be noted that he and she were extremely close allies. Passage translation: It seemed a point scored for her side when Joanne, panicked that her father-in-law would bungle the turnoff for the Pulaski Skyway, shattered the tip of her cigarette against the back of the seat and a live ash fell on the baby?s belly. It went unnoticed for a second until Corinne screamed; then they all saw it, a little flea of fire glowing beside the perfect navel. Joanne jumped, and squealed with guilt, and flapped her hands and stamped her feet and hugged the baby against her, but the evidence could not be destroyed; a brown dot of char on the globe of immaculate skin. Corinne continued her screams, splicing them with shrill hard gasps of intake, while everyone rummaged through purses and pockets for Vaseline, butter, toothpaste – anything for an urgent. Mother had a tiny bottle of toilet water given her in a department store; Joanne dabbed some of this on, and in time Corinne, shaken by more and more widely spaced spasms of sobbing, mercifully dragged her injury with her into the burrow of sleep. 2. Cohesion 1.When Smith was drunk, he used to beat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good
专八翻译笔记
专八翻译笔记 武汉新东方刘畅? Be strong and of good courage; do not be afraid, nor be dismayed, for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go. – Joshua 1:9 第一章综述 一、何谓翻译？ ? T —— tell ? R —— reader ? A —— authentic ? N —— native ? S —— smooth ? L —— language ? A —— and ? T —— touch upon ? E —— essence ? 英语的翻译“translation”是由trans-和-late构成。翻译是指两种语言的信息转换，即甲方说的意思换成乙方的语言表达。Steiner说：“翻译就是理解。”理解的对象就是原文的意义，理解原文的意义是达到翻译标准“忠实、通顺”的前一项（忠实）的前提，“通顺”只是表达阶段的事。不论是什么翻译，意义为先，形式为次。因此，可以说，理解为先，表达为次。 ? 二、大纲要求 ? 1、教学大纲 ? 能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时250~300个英文单词。英文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。能担任一般外事活动的口译。 ? 2、考试大纲 ? 汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。速度为每小时250~300汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。 ? 英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。速度为每小时约250~300词。译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。 ? 三、试题特点 – 1、文体： ? 汉译英：记叙、介绍、散文、论说 ? 英译汉：散文、论说、评论、演讲 – 2、语域： ? 人文历史，无科技翻译 – 3、内容：无专门学术领域知识 ? 注意： ? 1、各年的翻译选段都是较正式的语体，未见不正式的讽刺性杂文，也未见不正式的小说对话。即使涉及文学，也是作家的作品或思想介绍。 ? 2、为了帮助考生更好地理解待翻译的篇段，一般都提供较多的上下文。但考生务必只翻译划线部分。
专八英译汉段落翻译完整版 中英文对照
My First Job When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume. But the limit was reached one Tuesday — my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my emplo yer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this. On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up. I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for a quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order. This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look m ore astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham. He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind f insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and get another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant. “Are you going to deliver them or not?” the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,” he shouted. So I got out. This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.
专升本英语英译汉复习试题精选.doc
1、他这次考试失败使他意识到定期复习功课是多么重要。He failed in the exam, which has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly? 2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。 Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home. 3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的。 I" m sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎么培养良好的学习习惯。 The purpose of his article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits? 5、在当今时代，人们越来越多地依靠计算机来解决各种各样的难题。 In our age, people depend more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems. 6、略读不仅帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解，还帮助你读得快些，提高你的阅读理解丿J o Skimming not only helps you get some idea of what you are going to read, but also helps you read faster and improve your comprehension? 7、有些人认为男孩子考试成绩总是比女孩子好。然而，事实未必如此。 Some people think that boys performance on tests is always better than girls? That is not necessarily the case, however. 8、即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯而成为优等生。Even students of average intelligence can become top students by improving their study habits? 9、幸好附近有家医院，我们立即把他送到了那里。 Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once? 10、我们常常发现运用一个规律比懂得它要难的了。 We often find it much more difficult to apply a rule than to know it 11、他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。 He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he" II do it another way.
如何做好英译汉
如何做好xx 英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。而英译汉的过程则是正确理解英语原文和创造性地用汉语再现英语原文的过程，在英译汉的过程中，有两点值得我们特别地注意： （1）汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容，即句子或文章的意义，而不是句子结构； （2）在翻译过程中，英语原文的内容要准确而完整地重新表达出来，而不是将两种语言结构进行简单的转换。 英译汉的过程包括理解，分析句架表达和校核三个阶段，理解是表达的前提，若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达，但理解与表达通常是互相联系，往返反复的过程，在进行汉语表达的时候，又可以进一步加深对原文的理解，因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要考生从英语到汉语，再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。 一、理解 理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。 （1）通读全文。 （2）分析句子结构。中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识，在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势。在分句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，这样句子的骨干结构也就清楚了，在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子中成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。 （3）理解句子含义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外，还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题：A.句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词，如果有，应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么；B.句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法，那么，在该句中它们的具体含义是什么；C.按照你的理解，该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，有无相互矛盾。总之，在动手翻译之前，首先要读懂原文，不要一上来就急于动
(完整版)专八英译汉练习答案
（一）英译汉练习 1. The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth. 十一月的寒风，对他就像夏天吹拂的凉风一样。舒适的冷空气使他容光焕发，两颊通红，两眼闪光。他生气勃勃，叫别人感到是一团炙手的火。（英语material warmth 字面意思是"物质的温暖"，这里具体译作"一团炙手的火"言明意清，让人一看就懂。） 2. It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea. The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled. 清晨，初升的太阳照着平静的海面，微波荡漾，闪耀着金色的光芒。（英语the ripples of the gentle sea 译成汉语时在结构上作了调整，这样译文念起来意思清楚，行文漂亮。） 3. To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 为了解渴，读者比以前越饮越深，直到陷入了昏迷状态。这个句子的译文死抠原文形式，死抠字典释义，翻译腔严重，让人难以明白其意思，可改译为：读者为了满足自己的渴望，越读越想读，直到进入了如痴如醉的状态。所谓过分表达，就是指译文画蛇添足，增加了原文没有的东西；而欠表达则是省略或删节原文的内容。翻译时均应避免这类错误。 4. Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 里根上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特毫无二致。 （a mirror image 如直译为"镜子里的形象"，就让人感到非常别扭，远不如"毫无二致"自然。） 5. Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering café, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm. 他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和有地位的人物。 6. Words are not themselves a reality but only representation of it, and the King's English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. 单词本身并不是客观物体，只不过是代表客观体而已；像日尔曼人的盎格鲁法语一样，标准英语也是一种代表客观体的语言。 （King's English 不能直译为"国王英语"，它是指标准英语，相当于汉语中的"普通话"。） 7. At 19 he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast. 他19 岁时就已经走上了一条在普通人看来是极富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人认为，只是一次破产就叫人够呛了。 (good as a feast 如直译为"像丰盛的宴席一样好",意思正好反了.直接释明其意"叫人够呛",地道通顺.) 8. Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels. 金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已经取得的荣誉。 （Red Brick 又称Red Brick Universities，指英国除牛津、剑桥大学以外的其他地方性二流大学。因其建筑主要是红砖砌成，不象牛津、剑桥的建筑均为古色古香的石块所建成，故得此名。 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. 我真替他万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。英语中没有量词，汉译时就得根据汉语的表达习惯增加合适的量词 10. An individual human existence should be like a river-small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.
最新第五章英译汉常用的方法和技巧(四)
第五章英译汉常用的方法和技巧（中）（二） 第四节定语从句的译法／第五节状语从句的译法 一、定语从句的译法 从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种,两类定语从句在翻译方法上基本类似, 因此我们把它们放在一起介绍。在翻译定语从句时,我们经常采用下列的翻译方法: 1. 前置法 把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句, 这种方法一般用于限制性定语从句比较短的情况。 一些较短的具有描述性的非限制性定语从句也可采用前置法, 但没有限制性定语从句使用 得普遍。例如: 例1.For example, one function of friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. 例如, 友谊的一个作用似乎是支持我们在自己心目中的形象, 并使我们持有的价值观念更 加坚定。 例2.The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. 如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话, 那么对所有被比较者来说, 前两个因素必须是一样的。 例3.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety. 第一种方法是同义词法, 即给出一个与要释义的词在意义上几乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety. 例4.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥 夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。 例5.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式, 也就是对一切现象进行思考并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。 例6.A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.附近没有同龄伙伴和自己玩的儿童，上托儿所可以得到很 多的益处。 2. 后置法 当定语从句较长时，如果翻译成前置的定语，就会不符合汉语的表达习惯，在这种情况下， 往往把该定语从句翻译成并列的分句，放置于原来它所修词的后面。另外在处理此类定语从句时，一般遵循的原则是：若保留先行词，则在第二个分句中加以重复，若省略，则两个并 列分句中均不再保留。当然，在实№的翻译过程中也有例外。 例1.All the water that flows through the wide pipe in a second must somehow get through a narrow part too, which it can do only by going faster.在一秒钟内流过粗管子的全部水量，一定会以某种方式通过细管子，这只有靠加快流速才能做到。