新编研究生英语综合教程(上册)

新编研究生英语综合教程（上册）翻译

Unit 1:

1.英译汉

Cases of misconduct are not simple matters to evaluate. One source of concern is confusion within the field of science about just what constitutes a punishable infringement of ethical standards. In the fields of engineering, law, and medicine, clear written guidelines exist for defining ethical conduct. 学术不端并不是能够简单评价的问题。其中一个重要问题是，在科学领域里，对于什么样的行为有违伦理规范，应当受到惩罚，仍然模棱两可。工程，法律，和医学领域对道德行为的定义有明确的书面指导原则。

Although some particularly difficult cases may test the limits of these guidelines, most do not. In scientific research, a written code of conduct is not available. The federal government and individual institutions have been struggling to clarify the standards under which misconduct can be adjudicated. 虽然某些特别复杂的案例会挑战这些原则的底线，但多数原则具有指导意义。科学研究也并不提供书面的行为准则。联邦政府和私人机构一直试图阐明学术不端行为的裁定标准，比如一些描述科研不端行为的核心定义，包括编造，篡改和等等。

The central definitions that delineate misconduct in science include fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. However, these are confused by other less clear categories of misconduct, which include “other questionable behavior” or“other misconduct.” Within this confusion of definitions it is not always obvious to students or faculty where and toward whom their obligations lie.

然而这些行为容易与包含“可疑行为”在内的其他不太确定的类别相互混淆。这些混淆的定义让学生和教职人员也不是很清楚他们到底承担哪些责任和义务？

2.汉译英

研究者应告诉所有参加研究的被试有关研究的一切特点和细节，尽管这样做也许会影响被试参加实验的意愿，但还是应该这样做。研究者应对被试提出关于实验的各种问题给予解释和回答。

Researchers should tell every participant about all the characteristics and details of the study, though such an act may affect the willingness of subjects. Researchers should also try to answer or explain any question about the experiment from subjects.

坦率和诚恳应当是研究者和被试之间关系的基本点。当研究出于方法上的需要不得不向被试隐瞒或欺骗时，研究者必须设法让被试理解这样做的理由，并力求回复两者之间原有的关系。

Frankness and sincerity are supposed to be essential to the relationship between researchers and subjects. When researchers have to hide from or deceive subjects for methodological reasons, they need to have subjects understand the reasons for doing so and try to recover their original relationships.

研究者应尊重被试在研究中任何时候自由提出拒绝参加或终止实验的要求，特别是当研究者的权力高于被试时，更需要注意这一点。

Researchers should respect the subjects’ rights and freedom to refuse or terminate their participation in the study at any time. This point is even more salient when researchers have higher power-relationship than subjects.

有关实验步骤和措施在道德上的可接受性，应该在一开始就要在研究者和被试之间达成明确和公正的一致意见，明确每个人的责任。研究者有责任遵守和履行协议中规定的承诺和义务。

As regards the moral acceptability of experimental procedures and measures, there must be a clear and fair agreement reached by researchers and subjects a t the outset in order to clarify each other’s responsibility. Researchers have a responsibility to abide by and comply with the provisions of commitments and obligations in the agreement.

Unit 3

1.英译汉

When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage two — the crisis stage — in which the shine wears off and the day-to-day realities sink in. In a relationship, you notice annoying habits;

in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases.

当你在一个新环境待上一段时间，你就进入了第二阶段——危机阶段——在这个阶段所有的光环消退，现实的环境摆在你面前。在人际关系方面，你发现了令人烦恼的行为；在一个陌生的国度，你发现在建立人际关系学习、新的语言方面产生障碍。

Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of realities replace the charming and picturesque “honeymoon.” However, if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock: recovery.

突然之间，与新专业有关的课程和教授你都不喜欢。现实的困难和不愉快取代了第一阶段迷人的蜜月期。然而，如果你能够坚持下去并且尝试去处理，你可能会进去文化冲击的第三阶段：恢复。

2.汉译英

中式传统婚礼的最重要的部分便是拜堂成亲。新人走到天地桌（the table for heaven and earth）前，上面摆放有装满粮食的斗（dou），斗的四周写上“金玉满斗”四个大字，以红纸封口，斗内四角放若干硬币，以供拜完天地后看热闹的亲朋好友掏出来求取吉利之意。

The wedding ceremony is the most important part of a traditional Chinese wedding. The newlyweds go to the table for heaven and earth where there is a dou (a kind of basket) full of grain. The dou is written on the four sides “filled with gold and jade” and wrapped with red paper.

斗内四角放若干硬币，以供拜完天地后看热闹的亲朋好友掏出来求取吉利之意。斗中要插一柏枝，枝上缀有铜钱，这个柏枝便被称作“摇钱树（ready source of money）”。斗旁放一杆秤、一面镜、织布机杼、一灯或一蜡烛。There are many coins placed in the four corners of the dou for the guests present at the wedding to take out, which symbolizes “Good luck”. There is a cypress branch, called "ready source of money", decorated with copper coins. Besides, one steelyard, a mirror, a loom, a lamp or a candle are also placed near the dou.

新郎在左，新娘在右，并肩站在天地桌前，执事人高声喊道：“一拜天地，二拜高堂，夫妻对拜”。民间的说法认为，男女只有在拜过天地后才能算作是正式夫妻，因此对这个拜堂的仪式非常重视。

Afterwards, the groom stand on the left side, the bride right by his side, while the director prompts, "First bow to the heaven and earth; second bow to the parents; third bow to each other". According to the folk saying, they will not be the formal couple until bowing to the heaven and earth. As a result, people attach great importance to this ceremony.

还有一个有趣的习俗，即如果新郎在结婚的当天因故不能拜天地，就让他的姐姐或妹妹抱只公鸡来代替。坐完花轿（take the bridal sedan）、拜完天地、接下来新人要入洞房（go to the bridal chamber）了。洞房是一直延续下来的叫法。

An interesting custom is that if the groom cannot come to this ceremony, he should ask his sister to hold a rooster to take his place at the wedding. After taking the bridal sedan, bowing to the heaven, it's time for the newlyweds to go to the bridal chamber, which is a continuous name for bedroom.

新人入了洞房以后，按照习俗，新郎新娘的同辈亲友聚集在洞房里，对新郎新娘开一些充满暗示的玩笑。这时即便过头一点，新郎新娘也不会生气，而是想办法巧妙化解，因为亲朋好友闹洞房图的是高兴和热闹。

According to custom, their relatives and friends get together in the bridal chamber to banter the newlyweds. At this time, the newlyweds will never get angry even if the teasing games are a bit outrageous, but will try to skillfully dissolve the situation, for they know it well that the relatives and friends are just intending to delight them.

Unit 4

1.英译汉

If your answer is "no", then congratulations—either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner. The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated

this way: we all face the problem of scarcity.

如果你的答案是否定的，那么恭喜你：你要么早已看破红尘，要么就是腰缠万贯。然而，我们大多数人的答案却是肯定的，我们都希望拥有更多，从而进一步提高物质生活水平。这一简单的真理就是经济学的核心。我们或许可以重新表述这个问题：我们都面临稀缺。

Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or—like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down?

经济学家也研究个体的选择对社会所产生的细微的间接的影响。多数美国人的家的归宿是独立的房子还是像欧洲人那样的公寓?国民受教育程度会越来越高吗?博物馆和图书馆以后都得关门歇业吗?

Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity.

城市里的交通堵塞会越来越严重还是会缓解在即呢?这些问题在很大程度上都取决于成千上万个个体的决定。若想回答这些问题必须明白人们如何在稀缺的前提下进行选择。

Opportunity cost is one of the most important ideas you will encounter in economics. The concept sheds light on virtually every problem that economists consider, whether it be explaining the behavior of consumers or business firms or understanding important social problems like poverty or racial discrimination. In all of these cases, economists apply the principle of opportunity cost.

机会成本是经济学中的一个重要概念。这一概念有助于理解一切经济问题，包括从消费者或公司的行为选择到贫困或种族歧视等一些重大社会问题。在解释以上这些问题时，经济学家都采用了机会成本的原则。

2.汉译英

就一个声称热爱资本主义的民族而言，美国人有时会对给自己带来种种好处的公司疑心重重。关于这一点，近来没有哪家公司比销售食品和几乎所有其它一切的连锁店沃尔玛更了如指掌了。

For a people who profess to love capitalism, Americans can sometimes seem mightily suspicious of the companies that deliver its benefits. No firm knows that better these days than Wal-Mart, the chain of stores which sell food and almost everything else.

沃尔玛创立至今不过42年，起初被视为一家普通的家族公司。但自创业以来，沃尔玛不断发展壮大。在这一进程中，沃尔玛对零售业进行了变革，此前零售业似乎是个单调的行业。

Founded a mere 42 years ago, Wal-Mart was first seen as a homely, family-run business. But in the intervening years it has grown and grown and grown. Along the way it has revolutionized retailing, which had seemed a dull industry.

按营业额沃尔玛亦已成为世界上最大的公司，一个所到之处令对手心惊胆战的庞然大物。沃尔玛规模空前，成就非凡，同样值得称道的是，在未来几年中它很可能又要突飞猛进。但是，沃尔玛也经历了另外一种变化：日益成为众矢之的，饱受非议。

It has also become the biggest company in the world by revenues, a behemoth that strikes fear in the hearts of rivals everywhere. Just as remarkable, given its size and success, Wal-Mart looks set for yet another spurt of growth in the next few years. But it has become something else as well: the target for a growing chorus of critics.

Unit 7

1.英译汉

1)Let’s look at one last quote from Mr. Welch. “When I became CEO [of GE] in 1981, we launched6 a highly publicized initiative: Be number one or number two in every market, and fix, sell or close to get there. This was not our strategy, although I’ve often heard it described that way.

让我们来看看韦尔奇说过的一句话。“当我在1981年成为首席执行官[GE]的时候，我们推出了广为宣传的口号：在每一个市场成为头号或排名第二，为达目的不惜整顿，出售或关闭。这不是我们的战略，虽然我常常听到有人那么说。

It was a galvanising mantra to describe how we were going to do business going forward. Our strategy was much more directional. GE was going to move away from businesses that were being commoditized toward businesses that manufactured high-value technology products or sold services instead of things.”

这是一个激励人心的口头禅来形容我们的业务应该向什么方向发展。我们的策略不仅仅是方向性的。通用电气公司打算从生产产品的制造业转向生产高附加值的科技产品或出售服务的商业。

2) Intriguingly it was Napoleon’s grand strategy that was later to lead to his downfall. Britain, un-invaded and unconquered, became an increasing thorn in Napoleon’s side as it used the huge reserves of cash and credit, derived from the industrial revolution and the expanding empire, to fund alliances of various European nations against the new French Republic.

很有趣的是，正是拿破仑的大战略导致他后来的失败。英国，这个未被入侵和征服的国家，越来越成为拿破仑的身边的刺，因为它利用巨额储备的现金和信誉，这些现金和信誉来源于工业革命和不断扩大的帝国，给各个联盟的欧洲国家提供资金反对新的法兰西共和国。

Napoleon decided to starve Britain of cash: he would conquer the whole of Europe and force the continent to stop trading with Britain. It was an over-ambitious strategy that led him to invade Britain’s old trading ally, Portugal, and then Spain, and finally Russia, with disastrous consequences.

拿破仑决定要饿死英国的现金：他要征服整个欧洲，并迫使欧洲大陆停止与英国的贸易。正是这个过度野心的战略促使他以灾难性的后果入侵英国的老交易盟友，葡萄牙，然后西班牙，最后是俄罗斯

2.汉译英

支付最高薪金的同时保持最低工资开支：我们必须得到世界上最优秀的人才，并向他们支付高额报酬。但我们不能留用那些我们不需要的人。如果我们想从相对少量的人身上获得更高的生产效率，我们就需要有更优秀的人才。为达到“温和”目标而必须“强硬”：如果不首先实施明确的强硬措施，温和的措施不会发挥作用。只有在一个以遵循为基础的企业文化基础上，温和措施才会发挥作用。

Paying the highest wages, while having the lowest wage costs. We had to get the best people in the world and had to pay the hell out of them. But we couldn't carry along people we didn't need. We needed to have better people if we were going to get more productivity from fewer of them.

Needing to be “hard” in order to be “soft.” Soft stuff won't work if it doesn't follow demonstrated toughness. It works only in a performance-based culture.

充分调动团体的聪明才智：总裁职责主要是使每个雇员全神贯注。第一步是最大限度地对能向你提供建议的每个人和每个地方都敞开心扉。第二步是将你所学到的东西传导给团体。

Maximizing an Organization's Intellect. Getting every employee's mind into the game is a huge part of what the C.E.O job is all about. The first step is being open to the best of what everyone, everywhere, has to offer. The second is transferring that learning across the organization.

人才第一，战略第二：将合适的人安排在合适的职位上比开发一项战略更为重要。我们的一条重要经验教训是，我们可以拥有世界上最伟大的战略，但若让错误的领导去开发和拥有它们，得到的便是看上去不错的表演而结果却乏善

People First, Strategy Second. Getting the right people in the right jobs is a lot more important than developing a strategy. We learned the hard way that we could have the greatest strategies in the world, but with the wrong leaders developing and owning them, we'd get good-looking presentations and so-so results.

自信：傲慢是杀手，而合理的自信则是胜利者。对自信的真正考验是勇敢地敞开心扉去欢迎变革和新建议，无论这种革新和建议来自何处。

Self - Confidence. Arrogance is a killer, legitimate self-confidence is a winner. The true test of self-confidence is the courage to be open-to welcome change and new ideas regardless of their source. 放手管理与严格管理：知道什么时候插手，什么时候放手是一种纯粹直觉的决定。当我意识到我会做的更好时，我就采取严格的管理；当我意识到我没有多少东西可以提供时，我就采取松散的管理。这里不需要一贯性。有时候，不受约束、不拘常规反而办事更快。

Managing Loose, Managing Tight. Knowing when to meddle and when to let go was a pure decision. I managed tight when I sensed I could make a difference. I managed loose when I knew I had little if anything to offer. Consistency was not a requirement here. Sometimes being an undisciplined, unmade bed got the job done faster. I loved to go on the field when I thought I could play, and I loved cheering from the sidelines when I didn't think I belonged in the game.

(完整版)Unit研究生英语综合教程上单词

Unit1 academia 学术界acumen 敏锐due 应给的，欠下的ambiguous 不明确的ambiguity 不明确brink 始发点；边缘collaborative 协作的，合作的collaborator 合作者，协作者contributor 投稿人，撰稿人conviction 坚定的信仰或主张expertise 专门知识，专门技能foster 培养，促进，助长headhunter 猎头lone wolf 自行其是的人，好独处的人mindset 思维定式mitigate 缓和，减轻mobilize 争取支持，动用资源newbie 新手，网络新用户outshine 优于…,使…黯然失perception 看法，认识prioritize 使…优先prospective 预期的，未来的，可能的scary 可怕的studied 经过深思熟虑的teamwork 合作，协作，配合transition 过渡，转变act on 按…行事count on 指望in pursuit of 追求，寻求make up 编造（说法、解释）pep talk 鼓舞士气的讲话place a bet 下赌注put one’s neck on the line 冒险stick one’s neck out 说冒险的话stand out 突出；显眼adherence 坚守，信守affirm 肯定，强化autonomy 自主能力blockhead 笨蛋，蠢人brief 案情摘要，案情简介civility 礼貌，客气cost effective 低成本高利润的cut-rate 减价销售cynical 愤世嫉俗的dealing 商业活动，商业往来discource 谈话，交谈eminent 著名的，有名望的unit2 aftertaste 余味apportion 分配，分摊apprentice 学徒broth 肉汤，米汤，菜汤ceramic 陶瓷的chili pepper 辣椒粉chrysanthemum 菊（花）collective 集体的，共同的commemorate 纪念，庆祝culinary 烹饪的drainage 排水，排污dynasty 朝，代eccentric 怪异的，古怪的exquisite 精致的facet 一个方面fare 食物ferment 使…发酵filling 馅fragrance 香味garnish 装饰菜ginger 姜glutinous 很黏的greasy 多脂的，沾油脂的harmonious 和睦的，融洽的humility 谦逊，谦恭improvise 即兴表演，即席而作light 味清淡的;浓度低的；易消化的lingering 经久不消的literally 逐字地；照着原文longevity 长寿maw 动物的嘴precept 戒律，准则reed 芦苇reign 统治时期renowned 著名的scallop 扇贝seniority 年长，职位高specialty 特色菜stew 炖，焖

研究生英语精读教程第三版上unit one原文

Unit One Text: You Are What You Think And if you change your mind-from pessimism to optimism -you can change your life Claipe Safran [1] Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. [2] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University①in Houston②，"it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills." [3] "Your abilities count," explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie Mellon University③in Pittsburgh④, "but

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社

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一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。

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Unit1 Ways of Learning Vocabulary I 1. 1)insert 2)on occasion 3)investig ate 4)In retrospect 5)initial 6)phenomen a 7)attached 8)make up for 9)is awaiting 10)not; in the least 11)promote 12)emerged 2. 1)a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. 2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3)as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1)be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating 2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1)continual 2)continuous 3)continual 4)continuous 5)principal 6)principal 7)principle 8)principles 9)principal III herself by herself/on her own by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises

研究生英语精读教程(第三版上)课后习题

研究生英语精读教程（第三版上） Unit 4 B. great regret C. great despair D. great disappointment 2. I have nothing but disdain for such a person. A. respect 3. The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. A. scattered 4. I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas. D. generate 5. There was a meager attendance at the council meeting. B. enough C. ample D. haughty A. negotiation B. punishment 7. We can't rule out the possibility that he will come after all. B. refuse C. accept D. take C. tied to D. shut on 9. We three were the sole survivors in the traffic accident. A. lucky B. fortunate C. blessed 10. I slept through her dull speech. D. imaginative A. letters B. dealings C. writings A. pieces B. slips D. portions 13. The old lady ______ the sweet-smelling flowers into a garland. A. tied C. curved D. twisted B. prudent C. shrewd D. rude A. area B. place C. district A. firing B. lighting D. glowing 17. Sports, and not learning, seem to ______ in that school. A. appear B. occupy 18. Each chess player will have five minutes to ______ his next move. A. hoped C. wished D. wished to B. A word C. Words D. The word Unit 5 1. His beautiful writing is akin to drawing. A. as B. from C. above 2. His knowledge on the subject seems to be on a par with my own. A. different from