高考英语翻译易错题整理

汉译英专项讲解

该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。

一、高考评分标准:

1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；

2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；

3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。

据说新的微博用户注册时必须用实名的原因是保护网民的利益和提高网络的可信度。(register)

It is said that the reason why new users of micro-blog must use real names when they are registering is to protect web users’ interests and improve credibility of Internet.

二、考查要点总结

I，词的特殊用法：accessible, available, arrange, convenient等

1：他忘了带阅读证，进不了图书馆。（accessible）

1：He forgot to bring the reading card, so the library was not accessible to him.

2：我已安排好一辆车去车站接他们。（arrange）

2：I have arranged for a car to pick you them up at the railway station.

3：如果你方便的话，请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。（convenient）

3：If it is convenient to you, please go to the post office to send these parcels for me.

II，动词语态问题：谓语动词及非谓语动词都应注意语态问题

4：这里的菜烧得很好，还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)

4：The dishes are well cooked here and free cakes are provided.

5：应该更加强调培养学生的实际运用能力。

5：Great emphasis should be put on cultivating students’ practical ability.

6：我们必须对这里正在讨论的一些事情保密。(discuss)

6：We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

7：应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。（encourage）

7：The young people/ youngsters should be encouraged to choose their careers according to/ based on their own strong points/ strengths.

III, 选择正确的词语搭配，主要是介词的选择问题和be+p.p. + prep.结构

8：我不需要买新车，我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)

8：I don’t need to/needn’t buy a new car as my old one is still in good condition.

9：我忘了提醒他面试的时间。（remind）

9：I forgot to remind him of the time for the interview.

10：我对学生所谈论的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。（ignorant）

10：Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about，I find myself left behind/ outdated/ out of date.

Be+p.p.+ prep.结构：be involved in, be qualified for, be equipped with, be concerned about, be based on, be addicted to, be amazed at, be regarded as, be engaged in等

11：市长非常关心市民不遵受交通对择地问题。（concern）

11：The mayor is much concerned about the problem of the citizens’ disobeying the traffic regulations.

IV, 特殊句式：it做形式主语和宾语，强调句型，倒装句，the reason why… is that …, it (never) occurs to me that…, it’s said that…, not…but …等

12：我迟到的原因是他们没通知我开会的时间。（inform）

12：The reason why I was late was that they had not informed me of the time of the meeting.

13：重要的不是你说了什么，而是你做了什么。（matter）

13：It’s not what you said but what you did that matters.

14：据报道，这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It…)

14：It is reported that this wild plant is rich in/contains/has a lot of vitamins.

15：我从未想到这种事竟然会发生在他的身上。（occur）

15：It never occurred to me that such a thing should happen to him.

16：汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱，这些东西在过去的30年中得到了广泛的应用，这简直令人难以置信。（It…）

16：It is hard to believe that automobiles, radios, motion pictures, frozen foods and electric refrigerator have come into common use within thirty years.

17：学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。（it）

17：The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.

V，句子的逻辑关系：汉语里两个并列句可能存在潜在的修饰，目的，因果，结构等逻辑关系，翻译时，要使用这种逻辑关系，使句子更连贯。

18：我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。（impress）

18：I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.

19：人们对于那些乐于帮助他人脱离险境的人总是满怀感激之情。（grateful）

19：People are always grateful to those who are ready to help others out of danger.

20：这款手机式样新颖、携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular)

20：The mobile phone is fashionable/modern in style and convenient to carry ,so it is very popular with young people.

VI，长句的翻译：第五题属于长句翻译，翻译时，要“先主干，再细节”。理清句子的成分，先确定框架，再添砖加瓦。

21：绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法，即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水洗手。（prevent）

21：Most medical experts share the same opinion that the most effective way to prevent the spread of the disease /prevent the disease from spreading is (for people) to wash (their) hands with soap and water.

22：为追求时尚而付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。（those）

22：Those who follow fashion at the great cost should change their lifestyle as soon as possible.

23：出国学习会使学生受益匪浅，但是他们也有可能会面临一系列前所未有的挑战。（likely）

23：Studying abroad/ Going abroad for further studies benefits/ (will/ may) benefit students a lot, but they are likely to face/be faced with a series of challenges which are greater than ever (before).

24：一项新披露的调查表明网络最吸引人之处在于它能让网民及时了解世界大事。(inform)

24：A newly-released/ newly-reveled survey shows/ suggests/ indicates that the biggest attraction of the Internet is that it keeps/ makes net citizens（netizens）/ people who surf the Internet informed of the world events.

三、检查，避免小错误十分

1. 检查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。

完成翻译后，首先要检查句子中的动词前后时态是否一致，语态为主动还是被动是否符合中文翻译的要求，以及动词的单复数是否与主语相符。这是翻译中得分的重点。

2. 检查非谓语动词。

现在的翻译中经常会出现使用非谓语的情况，句子中一旦出现了非谓语，学生就要特别注意是否正确使用了-ing，-ed和to do的结构，以及可能出现的独立主格等非谓语中的重点方面。

3. 检查动词的搭配。

检查句子中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，如果是不及物动词，则要注意是否搭配了相应的介词。

4. 检查名词的单复数。

注意名词在中英文中的不同理解，特别是一些集合名词，理解它们用单数来表达复数的特征。

5. 检查句型的使用。

检查常用句型的使用，特别是一些连接词、强调句、倒装句等等。

6. 检查句子的完整性。

翻译后，尤其要检查译句中的主干以外的修饰语是否完整，比如说定语，时间状语和地点状语等等。

7. 检查中英文的一致。

检查英语译句是否正确地表达了中文的意思，是否错误地把主观的想法加诸在翻译中。

8. 检查单词的拼写和大小写。

英语单词拼写复杂，翻译时，搞错一个字母，就会导致单词拼写失误，学生需要加强记忆。句子首字母大写，学生基本不会忘记，但也要注意翻译中出现的一些专有名词或特别称谓的首字母大写。

9. 检查标点符号。英语的标点符号，与汉语的有同有异。但有些学生平时在作业时，非常粗心，使用混乱，这就导致了在最后的考试里被扣分。特别是平日里，比较多练习的翻译都是陈述句，一旦遇到疑问句，多数学生会忘记写上问号。尽管一个标点符号只有半分，但我想，在高考中，任何由疏忽所造成的扣分都是该避免。

综上所述，要想做好中译英试题，考生了解、掌握一定的方法和技巧及注意事项是必不可少的。实际上，只要能在平时的英语学习中注重对英语基础知识的积累，并且做个有心人（随时留意英语与汉语的异同点，作好储备工作），再进行一定量的训练，考生就一定能在“中译英”方面取得优异成绩。

Translation (背熟翻译)

平衡结构

1.对于我们来说, 重要的不是输赢而是参与。(matter) What matters to us is not to win but to take part /

participate.

2.艺术节不仅丰富了校园生活, 还提高了学生们的组织活动能力, 培养了他们团队合作精神。

The art festival not only has enriched students’ school life but (also) has improved their ability to organize an activity and developed their team spirit. = Not only has the art festival enriched students’ school life but it also / but (also) it has improved their ability to organize an activity and developed their team spirit.

时态

3.Word came that he had been admitted to Beijing University. 主句过去时, 从句不能用has been

admitted to…

4.It never occurred to me that he would object to your going abroad for further study. 不能用will object

to…

5.听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时, 人们欣喜若狂。(news that)

People were wild with joy at the news that Olympic Games would be held in Beijing in 2008. 不能用will be held

6.在过去的几年里, 这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute)

In the past few years, this factory has substituted plastics for wood in order to reduce the cost(s).

since, for 2 years, never, before, in the past / last few months, so far / up to now / to this day, recently, in recent years常和完成时连用

语态(用主动表示被动意思) sell / read / wash well, 系动词look / smell / taste / feel / sound, prove, measure, won’t open等用主动

7.谁应该对昨天发生的事故负责? (blame) Who is to blame for the accident that happened yesterday?

8.Beijing is worth visiting. But: Beijing is worthy of being visited/ to be visited. = It’s worthwhile to visit

Beijing / visiting Beijing.

9.The door needs / wants / requires repairing / to be repaired, doesn’t it?. The thief deserves punishing / to

be punished / punishment.

10.The earlier the problem is found, the easier it is to solve. (it = the problem, The problem is easy to solve.)

(easy / difficult / hard, light / heavy, fit / unfit, nice / good / pleasant / comfortable等形容词后面接to do, 不是to be done)

被动

11.应该鼓励学生把所学东西付诸于实践。

Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learned to practice. apply…to, combine…with /

put…into

12.这里的菜烧得很好, 还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide) The dishes are well cooked here, and free cakes are

provided.

13.他能否录取复旦还等着瞧。(remain) Whether he can be admitted to Fudan University remains to be

seen.

14.我的建议是预订宾馆前要把地段和设施考虑在内, 但他却置之不理。(consideration)

My suggestion was that its location and facilities should be taken into consideration before a hotel was reserved, but he turned a deaf ear to it./ ignored it / wouldn’t listen.

中英文表达不同

15.Let me congratulate you on your success / Congratulations on your success.

16.有500个学生出席了会议。There were 500 students attended the meeting. X“attended”用错了, 应

改成who attended

There were 500 students attending / who attended the meeting./ 500 students attended / were present at the meeting.

17.安排车子去机场接他arrange for the car to meet him at the airport

18.足球吸引各种年龄阶段的人。Football appeals to (=attracts) people of all ages.

19.学生志愿者们呼吁人们为地震灾民捐款。(appeal) appeal to sb for sth / to do sth

The student volunteers appealed to people to donate money to the earthquake victims / the victims of the earthquake.

20.如果你能马上和他联系, 我不胜感激。(appreciate, contact)

I would appreciate it very much if you could contact him at once. contact sb, but: make / come into contact with sb

21.很快他会胜任这工作。(before) It will be / was + 一段时间+ before过多少时间才做…

It won’t be long before he is qualified for the job. = He will be qualified for the job soon / before long.

词序不同

22.他发生了什么事? What has happened to him? 你认为他发生了什么事? What do you think has

happened to him?

23.你可以在英特网上找到这种信息。(available) This kind of information is available to you on the Internet.

24.如果你方便的话, 把坏椅子换成新的好吗?

If it is convenient to you, would you please exchange / replace the broken chair for / with a new one?

If it is convenient to you,it’s convenient for sb to do sth, exchange/ replace A for/ with B, but: substitute A for B

25.我从来没想到他会当选为学生会主席。(occur)

It never occurred to me that he would be elected / made Chairman of the S tudents’ Union.

26.普通车辆不能到达这山区。(sp / sth) be inaccessible to a vehicle / sb The mountain village is inaccessible to

ordinary vehicles.

27.据报道, 1998年中国的很多地区发生了严重的水灾。(occur) “中国的很多地区”不能作主语

It’s reported that serious floods occurred in many parts of China in 1998. 这里occur =happen发生28.我们应该让公众明白, 保护稀有动物免受灭绝人人有责。(it)

We should make it known to the public that it’s everyone’s duty to preserve rare animals from extinction.

think / consider / believe / find / feel it to do / that…, take it for granted that…

省略

29.除非被邀请发言, 否则在会上你应该保持沉默。(invite) unless…or…不能连用, 只能用一个

Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting. Unless (you are) invited…从句里用省略, 要主从句主语相同

The problem, if not dealt with properly / well, will get worse and worse with time going on / as times goes on / with the passage of time.

强调结构他是为什么推迟看牙医? Why was it that he put off / postponed going to the dentist?

倒装

30.No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study Never before has our country

been so powerful as it is today.

31.虽然穷, 但是他对自己的生活相当满意。(as) Poor as he is, he is quite satisfied with his life.

32.只有吃营养均衡的饮食, 你才能保持健康。(Only)

Only by eating a balanced diet, can you stay healthy. = Only if / when you eat a balanced diet, will you be able to keep fit.

33.He didn’t realize the importance of obeying / observing the traffic rules until he was seriously injured.

Not until he was seriously injured did he realize…/ It was not until he was seriously injured that he realized …

34.他一到实验室就开始做实验。(倒装) Hardly / Scarcely / Rarely / Barely had he got when …

No sooner had he got to the lab than he set out to do / set about doing the experiment.

= Hardly had he got…when→He had hardly / no sooner got to…when / than he set out to do / set about doing….

→As soon as /The moment / The minute / The instant he got..., he set ou t to do…

35.听到他获诺贝尔文学奖的消息时, 这作家非常激动以致彻夜难眠。(So)

So excited was the writer when he heard the news that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature that he failed to fall asleep the whole night.

多种表达法

36.随着时间的推移as time goes / went on = with time going on

37.像你那样聪敏的一个学生as clever a student as you = such a clever student as you / a clever student like

you

38.被复旦大学录取be admitted to / be accepted by / be enrolled in / enroll in Fudan University

39.坦率地说, 我不同意这计划。(approve / agree)

Frankly / Honestly speaking, I don’t agree to the plan. / To be frank / honest, I don’t approve of the plan.

40.违反交通规则的人应该受处罚。Those who break / Anyone who / Whoever breaks the traffic rule(s) should

be punished.

41.污染是人类面临的最大问题之一。(face) (sb) be faced with / face sth, (sth) face sb (某物)摆在某人面

前

Pollution is one of the most serious problem s that face mankind / facing mankind / mankind is faced with.

42.这支医疗队是由10个年龄从25到60岁的医生组成。(range)

The medical team is made up of / is composed of / consists of ten doctors ranging in age / who range in age / whose ages range from 25 to 60.

43.你愈努力, 进步就愈大。The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

= If you work harder, you will make … = Working harder, you will make … =Work harder and you will make ….

44.尽管困难重重, 我们仍决心执行我们的计划。(in spite of) in spite of / despite sth / what clause / that

fact that

In spite of / Despite many difficulties, we are determined to carry out our plan.

In spite of / Despite the fact that there are many difficulties, we are determined to carry out our plan.

45.Great changes have taken place in Shanghai. = Shanghai has experienced great changes / has changed

greatly / a lot.

容易混淆的

46.我非常赞同(你)。I can’t agree (with you) more. 那就是我不同意(你)的地方。That is where I disagree

(with you).

47.据我所知as far as I know but: 众所周知as we all know / as is known to all, / It’s known to all that…

48.问题发现得越早, 解决起来就越容易。(The more…, the more…)

The earlier the problem is found, the easier it is to solve / the more easily it will be solved. (to solve 不能用被动)

49.我们无论怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不为过。(emphasize) cannot…too / enough无论…也不过分

We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting the environment too much. = We cannot / can never lay too much emphasis on the importance of protecting the environment. You cannot be too careful. I cannot thank you enough.

主句或从句中要加词

50.你最好带把雨伞吧, 以防下雨。You’d better take an umbrella in case of rain / in case it rain s / should rain.

加it

51.无论遇到什么困难都不要半途而废。(meet) Don’t give up halfway whatever difficulty you meet with. 加

you

双否定加强肯定语气

52.我们决不辜负父母和老师对我们的期望。(fail)

We will never fail to live up to what our parents and teachers expect of us. never fail to do

53.谁也不能否认, 旅游业的发展创造了很多就业机会。(deny, create) No one…deny…

No one can deny that the development of the tourist industry has created many jobs / many employment opportunities.

it be & there be句型

54.据说这本书已经被译成英文。

It is said that this book has been translated into English = This book is said to have been translated into English.

It + seem / happen / be said / be reported that… = (sb / sth) seem / happen / be said / be reported to do sth

55.他有可能今晚会打电话给我。(likely) It’s likely that….= (sb / sth) be likely to do sth

It is likely that he will ring / call me up tonight. = He is likely to ring / call me up tonight.

56.和他争此事没有意义。There is no point in arguing with him about it.

57.不懂装懂没什么好处。(no good) It’s no good / no use / useless pretending to know what you don’t

know.

There is no point in doing sth. but:It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. I do n’t think it any use complaining.

58.毫无疑问, 旅游使人开阔眼界, 增长知识。(doubt) expand one’s horizons, broaden one’s knowledge

T here’s no doubt that travelling broadens / expands one’s horizons and enriches / enlarges one’s knowledge.

There is no doubt that…= No doubt…. but: No wonder / It’s no wonder that…

59.他没有可能被提升为校长。There is no possibility of doing / that…= It is impossible / not possible (for sb) to

do sth / that….

There is no possibility of his being promoted to headmaster. =There is no possibility that he will be promoted to headmaster. = It’s impossible for him to be promoted to headmaster / that he will be promoted to headmaster.

60.阅读时, 你不必碰到生词就查词典。(There be)There is no need (for sb) to do sth. = It’s unnecessary / not

necessary (for sb) to do sth.

There is no need for you to look up every new word you come across / run into / meet with while you are reading.

It is unnecessary / not necessary for you to look up every new word you come across in reading.

其它

61.不管天有多晚, 他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put off) However late it is, he never puts off what can be done

today until tomorrow.

62.人们不再认为老师要在每个领域胜过学生是理所当然的事。(grant, superior)

People no longer take it for granted that teachers should be superior to students in every field.

63.我们一致认为, 每个人不管有没有天赋, 只要对社会作出一定贡献, 都是成功人士。(view)

We hold the same view that everyone, whether (he or she is) gifted or not, is a successful person as long as he or she makes certain contributions to the society.

64.As can be seen from the table, the past decades have witnessed dramatic changes in the way people spent

their holiday between 1990 and 2010.

2020-2021高考语文易错题精选-图文转换练习题附详细答案

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