基础英语4课文翻译1-8

Unit 1 Never Give In, Never, Never, Never 绝不屈服，绝不，绝不，绝不

Winston Churchill 温斯顿·丘吉尔

Almost a year has passed since I came down here at your Head Master's kind invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts of a few of my friends by singing some of our own songs. The ten months that have passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the world—ups and downs, misfortunes—but can anyone sitting here this afternoon, this October afternoon, not feel deeply thankful for what has happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position of our country and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us, and you yourselves had had experience of this attack; and I expect you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up!

1 将近一年前，应贵校校长盛情邀请，我来到这里唱了几首我们自己的歌曲，既为自己加油，也为一些朋友打气。过去的10个月中全世界发生了可怕的、灾难性的事件——盛衰浮沉、厄运磨难——但是，今天下午，这个10月的下午，在座有哪一位不会因为这段时间所发生的一切，因为我们家国境况的改善，而心存感激呢？是的，上次我来这里时我们还孤立无援，形单影只，这种状况持续了五六个月。当时我们装备简陋，现在有所改善，但那时真是家徒四壁。我们曾面临着敌人的巨大威胁，而他们至今对我们狂轰滥炸，你们自己对于这种袭击都有亲身感受；我料想你们已经开始按捺不住了，因为这么长的一段时间里，我们碌碌无为，按兵不动。

But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough. It is generally said that the British are often better at the last. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to be done and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes months—if it takes years—they do it.

2 但我们必须学会同样善于应付短暂而干脆与漫长而艰难的局面。人们普遍认为英国人最终总是会胜出的。他们不指望关键时刻接踵而至；他们不是一直期待每天都有决战的重大机会；不过一旦深思熟虑之后决意出手，即便需要经年累月，他们也矢志不渝。

Another lesson I think we may take, just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now, is that appearances are often very deceptive, and as Kipling well says, we must "... meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the

same."

3 回首10个月前我们在此地的相聚，对比现在，我觉得我们可以汲取的另一个教训就是，事物的表象常常是很有欺骗性的。吉卜林说得好：我们必须“……面对胜利和灾难，以同样的方式对待这两个骗子。”

You cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist; certainly many more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period—I am addressing myself to the school—surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honor and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.

4 光看表象很难判断事物将何去何从。有时想象的情景比事实糟糕很多，但缺乏想象人们会碌碌无为。那些想象力丰富的人们也许预想的危险比现实多很多；当然，还会发生很多危险；然而他们也必须祈祷获得更多勇气来维持这样深远的想象。当然，对每个人而言，我们在这个阶段经历的一切——我正在对学校发表演讲——诚然这是我们从这10个月中得到的教训：绝不屈服，绝不屈服，绝不，绝不，绝不，绝不——无论事务巨细——都绝不屈服，除非你坚信屈服是光荣的明智之举。绝不屈服于强权，绝不屈服于貌似气势排山倒海的强敌。一年前我们孤军作战，许多国家都以为我们被彻底打败了，我们完蛋了。我们所有的传统，我们的歌曲，我们的校史，我们国家的这部分历史，已经消逝、告终与完结。

Very different is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.

5 今天的情绪大不相同。其他国家认为英国输得一无所有了。但恰恰相反，我们的国家挺身而出。没有退缩，也丝毫没有屈服的念头；我们发现以目前的处境来看，我们只要坚持下去就一定能够征服敌人，这一点在英伦三岛以外的人看来是一个奇迹，但我们从不怀疑这一点。You sang here a verse of a school song: you sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by and which you have repeated today. But there is one word in it I want to alter—I wanted to do so last year, but I did not venture to. It is

the line: "Not less we praise in darker days."

6 你们当时在此地吟唱了校歌中的一段，这一段是你们为了我而特地写的，我感到不胜荣幸，而今天你们又再次唱起那一段。不过我想改动其中一个词语，我去年就想这么做了，但是没敢这么做。就是这一句歌词：“我们在更黑暗的日子里的赞美依然如故。”

I have obtained the Head Master's permission to alter darker to sterner. "Not less we praise in sterner days."7 蒙校长应允，我现在可以把“更黑暗的”改成“更严峻的”。“我们在更严峻的日子里的赞美依然如故。”

Do not let us speak of darker days: let us speak rather of sterner days. These are not dark days; these are great days—the greatest days our country has ever lived; and we must all thank God that we have been allowed, each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race.

8 让我们不用“更黑暗的岁月”这样的字眼：让我们用“更严峻的岁月”来代替。这不是黑暗的岁月；这是伟大的岁月——我们国家历史上最伟大的岁月；我们全都应该感谢上帝，因为上帝允许我们每一个人根据自己不同的地位扮演一个角色，让这些岁月成为我们民族历史上令人难忘的时刻。

Unit 2 Space Invaders 空间入侵者

Richard Stengel 理查德·斯坦格尔

At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes when a man in a sweat-suit started inching toward me in his eagerness to deposit his Social Security check. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me, who, in mild annoyance, began to sidle up to the man scribbling a check in front of her, who absentmindedly shuffled toward the white-haired lady ahead of him, until we were all hugger-mugger against each other, the original lazy line having collapsed in on itself like a Slinky.

1 几天前，我去银行排队，队伍沿着松松垮垮的天鹅绒围栏蜿蜒前伸，这时一位身穿运动套装的男子急不可耐地从我后头向前挪步，想尽早办理社会保险支票存储业务。当他这么做的时候，我只好谨小慎微地向排在我前面阅读《华尔街日报》的女士挪动步子。她略有不快，于是侧身向她前面那位正在涂写一张支票的男士走去，而这位男士则漫不经心地拖着脚走向他前面的银发老太。这样我们的队伍就变得七歪八扭，原来慵懒的队伍活脱脱变成了个“机灵鬼”

I estimate that my personal space extends eighteen inches in front of my face, one foot to each side, and about ten inches in back —though it is nearly impossible to measure exactly how far behind you someone is standing. The phrase "personal space" has a

quaint, seventies ring to it ("You're invading my space, man"), but it is one of those gratifying expressions that are intuitively understood by all human beings. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, personal space is our individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy. 2.我估计我个人空间的范围身前有18英寸，身后10英寸，两侧各1英尺——尽管要估算某人站在你身后多远几乎是不可能的。“个人空间”这个词组带有一种古雅的、70年代的味道(“老兄，你侵犯了我的空间”)，但这是一个能让全人类一下子明白过来的令人满意的词组之一。就像我们国家拥有12海里领海权一样，个人空间就是我们的边界，只要有陌生人穿过这个边界，就会使我们感到不安。

Lately, I've found that my personal space is being invaded more than ever before. In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close; on the street, pedestrians are zigzagging through the human traffic, jostling others, refusing to give way; on the subway, riders are no longer taking pains to carve out little zones of space between themselves and fellow-passengers; in lines at airports, people are pressing forward like fidgety taxis at red lights.

3 最近，我发现我的个人空间比以往任何时候所遭受的侵犯都更加厉害。电梯里，人们抢在关门之前拼命挤进来；马路上，行人奋勇向前，在人流中穿梭，推推搡搡，拒不让路；地铁中，乘客不再刻意在自己和别人之间留出狭小空间；在机场队伍中，人们拼命向前压上，就像等待红灯时烦躁不安的出租车一样。

At first, I attributed this tendency to the "population explosion" and the relentless Malthusian logic that if twice as many people inhabit the planet now as did twenty years ago, each of us has half as much space. Recently, I've wondered if it's the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less). Or perhaps the proliferation of coffee bars in Manhattan —the number seems to double every three months —is infusing so much caffeine into the already jangling locals that people can no longer keep to themselves.

4 最开始我把这种趋势归结于“人口爆炸”以及无情的马尔萨斯理论。该理论认为，如果现在居住在地球上的人口比20年前多一倍，每个人得到的空间就缩小一半。近来，我怀疑是不是季节的原因：穿着T恤衫的天气使彼此靠近更具吸引力(抑或使吸引力大大减少)。或许是因为曼哈顿咖啡厅的激增——数量每3个月翻一番——将如此多的咖啡因注入原来就已经烦躁不安的当地人体内，使他们更加难以离群索居。

Personal space is mostly a public matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private. (Humanity wouldn't exist without them.) The logistics of it vary according to geography. People who live in Calcutta have less personal space than folks in Colorado. "Don't tread on me" could have been coined only by someone with a spread. I would

wager that people in the Northern Hemisphere have roomier conceptions of personal space than those in the Southern. To an Englishman, a handshake can seem like trespassing, whereas to a Brazilian, anything less than a hug may come across as chilliness.

5 个人空间基本上是个公众场合的问题；私下里，我们允许对个人空间进行各种各样的侵犯。(没有这些“侵犯”，人类不可能存在。)如何界定个人空间的大小因地而异。住在加尔各答的人比科罗拉多的人个人空间要来得少。“别踩我”这句话只可能是由拥有大牧场的人杜撰发明的。我敢担保北半球的居民比南半球的个人空间的概念要宽大。对英国人来说，握个手简直就是擅闯禁地，而对巴西人来说，不给你来个拥抱就会给人一种冷若冰霜的感觉。Like drivers who plow into your parked and empty car and don't leave a note, people no longer mutter "Excuse me" when they bump into you. The decline of manners has been widely lamented. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes, granting people their private domain.

6 就像司机撞上你停着的空车连个条子也不留，人们撞上人再也不说声“对不起”。世风日下，哀声遍野。在我看来，礼貌就是给别人以空间，不冒犯他人，允许别人有隐私。

I've also noticed an increase in the ranks of what I think of as space invaders, mini-territorial expansionists who seize public space with a sense of manifest destiny. In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room, while at coffee shops and on the Long Island Railroad, individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes.

7 我还注意到，那些我所认为的空间入侵者们的规模在不断扩大，这些小小的领土扩张主义者们带着舍我其谁的架势堂而皇之地侵占着公共空间。这些日子，在影剧院中，人们霸占着两边的扶手，吞并手肘的全部空间；在咖啡厅里和长岛的铁路上，往往一个人就占领了面对面的火车座，而这种座位本来是给4位顾客或乘客的。

Ultimately, personal space is psychological, not physical: it has less to do with the space outside us than with our inner space. I suspect that the shrinking of personal space is directly proportional to the expansion of self-absorption: people whose attention is inward do not bother to look outward. Even the focus of science these days is micro, not macro. The Human Genome Project is mapping the universe of the genetic code, while neuroscientists are using souped-up M.R.I. machines to chart the flight of neurons in our brains.

8 归根结底，个人空间是个心理上的问题，而非物理上的问题：与其说它与我们的外部空间相关，不如说它与人的内心空间相关。我怀疑个人空间的缩水直接与自我专注的扩大成比例：那些只关注自我的人根本不屑于关注外部世界。这些日子，甚至科学研究都聚焦于微观世界而非宏观领域。人类基因组工程正力图绘制基因代码的全貌，神经科学家们正使用加强

型磁共振成像机捕捉脑神经元的飞速漫游。

In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly's wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space. In the line at my bank, I now refuse to move closer than three feet to the person in front of me, even if it means that the fellow behind me starts breathing down my neck

9 正如日本一只蝴蝶轻舞飞扬可能最终引发加利福尼亚的一场海啸，我决心一己之力拓展不断收缩的个人空间。在我办事银行的队伍中，如果前面有人，我一定和他最少保持3英尺的距离，即便排在我后面的人的呼吸在我脖颈上都感受得到也在所不惜。

Unit 3 Alienation and the Internet 因特网与人际之疏远

1. The Internet provides an amazing forum for the free exchange of ideas. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage，it is the communications modal equivalent of international waters.1 It is my personal belief that the human potential can only be realized by the globalization of ideas. I developed this position2 years before the Internet came into wide spread use. And I am excited at the potential for the Internet to dramatically alter our global society for the better. However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences.

因特网为思想的自由交流提供了一个非凡的平台。由于登录和使用互联网的限制相对较少，它的作用就等同于通讯传播中的公海。我个人认为人类潜能只有通过思想的全球化才能实现。在因特网广为应用之前许多年我就有了这样的立场。我为因特网给全球社会的更好发展带来的巨大变化振奋不已。然而，我也为预料之外的负面后果感到困扰。

2. There has been much talk about the―new information age.‖But much less widely reported has been the notion that the Internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.3 At first this might sound like an apparent contradiction：how can something，that is on the one hand responsible for global unification by enabling the free exchange of ideas，alienate the participants？

关于―新的信息时代‖人们谈论得很多。但是，互联网使网民之间彼此疏远，从而导致社会的进一步土崩瓦解，对这方面的报道却少得多。乍听起来这似乎相互矛盾：一种东西怎么会既能让人们自由地交流思想，从而使全球融为一体，同时又让参与者彼此疏远呢？

3. I had a recent discussion with a friend of mine who has what he described as a―problem‖with the Internet. When I questioned him further he said that he was―addicted，‖4 and has―forced‖himself to go off-line. He said that he felt like an alcoholic，in that moderate use of the Internet was just not possible for him.5 I have not

known this fellow to be given to exaggeration，therefore when he described his internet binges，6 when he would spend over twenty-four hours on line non-stop，it gave me pause to think. He said，―the Internet isn?t real，but I was spending all my time on line，so I just had to stop.‖He went on to say that all of the time that he spent on line might have skewed7 his sense of reality，and that it made him feel lonely and depressed.

我一位朋友自称使用因特网出了―问题‖，最近我和他讨论了这个问题。我进一步追问时他说他有―网瘾‖，经常得―强制‖自己离线下网。他觉得自己像个酒鬼，因为他就是无法有节制地上网。据我所知，此人不喜欢夸大其词，因此当他描述自己的网瘾，说常常连续泡网一天一夜时，这引起了我的思考。他说：―网络世界不是真实的，但我还偏偏把自己所有时间花在网络上，所以我不得不悬崖勒马。‖他接着说他在网上花的那么多时间使他扭曲了现实感，让他觉得孤单压抑，郁郁寡欢。

4. The fragmentation of society has been lamented for some time now. It seems to me that it probably began in earnest after World War II when a generation returned from doing great deeds overseas. They won the war，and by God they were going to win the peace. Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created.―Progress‖was their mantra.8 So even prior to the Internet?s widespread popularity，folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors. And when we fast-forward to today we see an almost cruel irony in that people can and often do develop on-line relationships with folks on the other side of the globe，without leaving their homes. But at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for involvement in other activities which might foster a sense of community in their villages，towns and cities.

大家哀叹社会的四分五裂由来已久。在我看来，这种分裂真正始于第二次世界大战结束后，当时一代人在海外完成宏伟事业之后荣归故里。他们打赢了战争，面对上帝，他们还要赢得和平。小汽车变得普及，人们建起了郊区。―进步‖是时常挂在他们嘴边的口号。于是甚至早于因特网大行其道之时，人们早就疏远了大家庭的其他成员和左邻右舍。我们把场景快进到今天，见到的情景几乎可以说是残酷的讽刺：人们足不出户就经常能和远在地球另一端的人建立网络关系，但这样做的代价是：他们花掉了很多时间，而这些时间本来可以在他们自己的村子和城镇里投身于各项活动，从而培养社区观念。

5. Last weekend my wife and I invited our extended family to our home to celebrate our daughter?s birthday. During the celebration my young nephew spent the entire time on my computer playing a simulated war game. My brother-in-law and I were chatting nearby and it struck us that in generations past，his son，my nephew，would have been outside playing with his friends. But now the little fellow goes on line to play his games against his friends in cyberspace.

上周末我们夫妻邀请大家庭的其他成员来家里庆祝我女儿的生日。整个庆祝过程中，小外甥把全部时间都花在我电脑上玩一个模拟战争的游戏。我和妹夫就坐在边上聊天。我们都认识到，要是像几代前的先辈那样，他儿子，也就是我外甥，一定在外头和朋友玩耍。但如今这小家伙不在外头玩，而是上网和虚拟空间的朋友玩游戏。

6. It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for the advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge. However，based on my personal experience I can understand how，as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload.9 And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in the process. Is the Internet a real place？Depending upon how a―real place‖is defined it might very well be. At the very least，I believe that when we use the Internet，we are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us—perhaps another unintended consequence. Some would argue that the virtual existences created by some users who debate，shop，travel and have romance on line are in fact not real. While others would argue that，since in practical terms，folks are debating，shopping，traveling and having romance，the converse is true.对我来说，因特网似乎是个强大的工具，它给人们提供一个不断获取和应用知识的机会。然而，通过我自己的亲身经历，我能够理解当某些人上网的时候，是如何面临认知超载的。我也同样明白一个人的现实感在上网过程中如何被扭曲。网络空间是真实的吗？按照界定―真实处所‖的定义，网络空间很可能是真实的。退一万步说，我相信上网时，我们会被迫拷问自己一些基本问题，比如我们如何感知周围的世界——或许这是另一个预料之外的后果。有人或许会说，用户在网上唇枪舌剑、购物旅游、谈情说爱的虚拟存在并不真实；而另一些人主张说，按实际的说法，人们确实在网上唇枪舌剑、购物旅游、谈情说爱，那么网络世界就应该是真实的。

7. All of this being said，I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives. This would allow us to maximize its potential without losing our sense of place.10 However like most things that is easier said than done. It seems to me that we are a society that values immediate gratification above all else，and what better place to achieve it than in cyberspace，where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster. The widespread use of the automobile forever changed our society and culture，and perhaps a similar sort of thing is occurring now. I am not at all certain where the―information superhighway‖will lead us：some say to Utopia，12 while others feel it?s the road to hell. But I do know that we all have the ability to maintain our sense of place in the world. Whether we choose to take advantage of this ability is another matter.

说了这么多，我认为发挥因特网潜能的关键在于在生活中取得平衡。这能使我们最大程度地挖掘网络潜能而不迷失自己。然而，就像大多数事理那样，说易行难。在我看来，我们这个

社会似乎最崇尚及时行乐，要实现这一点，还有比网络空间更好的场所吗？在网络上你可以想干什么就干什么。汽车的广泛使用永远改变了我们的社会和文化，类似的事情现在也在发生。我压根不确定―信息高速公路‖将会把我们引向何方：有人说它会把我们带入乌托邦，而另一些人觉得它是通往地狱之路。但我确信我们都有能力保持我们在世界上的方位感。但是我们能否选择利用这种能力却是另外一回事。

Unit 4 A View of Mountains 望远山

1.On August 9, 1945, the day the atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Yosuke

Yamahata, a photographer serving in the Japanese army, was dispatched to the destroyed city. The hundred or so pictures he took the next day constitute the fullest photographic record of nuclear destruction in existence. Hiroshima, destroyed three days earlie r, had largely escaped the camera‘s lens in the first day after the bombing. It was therefore left to Yamahata to record, methodically －and, as it happens, with a great and simple artistry – the effects on a human population of a nuclear weapon only hours after it had been used. Some of Yamahata‘s pictures show corpses charred in the peculiar way in which a nuclear fireball chars its victims. They have been burned by light –technically speaking, by the ―thermal pulse‖ －and their bodies are often branded with the patterns of their clothes, whose colors absorb light in different degrees. One photograph shows a horse twisted under the cart it had been pulling. Another shows a heap of something that once had been a human being hanging over a ledge into a ditch. A third shows a girl who has somehow survived unwounded standing in the open mouth of a bomb shelter and smiling an unearthly smile, shocking us with the sight of ordinary life, which otherwise seems to have been left behind for good in the scenes we are witnessing. Stretching into the distance on all sides are fields of rubble dotted with fires, and, in the background, a view of mountains. We can see the mountains because the city is gone. That absence, even more than wreckage, contains the heart of the matter. The true measure of the event lies not in what remains but in all that has disappeared.

1945年8月9日，一颗原子弹投向长崎。当天，在日军中服役的摄影师山端庸介被派遣到这座已遭毁灭的城市。他第二天拍摄的百来张照片可谓现存最完整的核毁灭威力的影像记录。此前3天也遭遇毁灭的广岛在轰炸的第一天基本没被相机拍摄下来。

山端碰巧有条不紊地用伟大而简洁的艺术手法记录下了核武器爆炸后仅仅数小时对人类的影响。山端的部分照片展示了被核火球以其独特的方式烧焦了的尸体。他们是

被光烧焦的——用专业术语来说，他们是被“热脉冲”烧焦的——尸体通常都烙上了衣服的图案，因为不同的颜色吸光程度不同。一张照片拍下了一匹身形扭曲的马儿蜷缩在它拉的大车下面。另一张显示了一堆悬挂在突出物上面伸进沟渠的东西，看得出这也是一个人的遗骸。第3张照片中有个小女孩站在防空洞入口处，不知何故她虽经历劫难却毫发无伤。她脸上露出诡异的笑容，令人震撼。如果不是这张照片，在我们现在见证的场景中，原先的日常生活已一去不返。大片茫茫的废墟瓦砾一直伸向远方，残火零落其间，而这片景象的背景则是绵延的大山。我们能遥望远山，正因为整个城市已化为焦土。城市的灰飞烟灭比断壁残垣更能说明问题的核心本质。这一事件的真正效应不在于城市还剩下什么，而在于消失的一切。

2.It took a few seconds for the United States to destroy Nagasaki with the world‘s

second atomic bomb, but it took fifty years for Yamahata‘s pictures of the event to make the journey back from Nagasaki to the United States. They were shown for the first time in this country in 1995, at the International Center for Photography in New York. Arriving a half-century late, they are still news. The photographs display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is universal, since, in our age of nuclear arms, what happened to Nagasaki can, in a flash, happen to any city in the world. In the photographs, Nagasaki comes into its own. Nagasaki has always been in the shadow of Hiroshima, as if the human imagination had stumbled to exhaustion in the wreckage of the first ruined city without reaching even the outskirts of the second. Yet the bombing of Nagasaki is in certain respects the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger that still hangs over us. It is proof that, having once used nuclear weapons, we can use them again. It introduces the idea of a series －the series that, with tens of thousands of nuclear weapons remaining in existence, continues to threaten everyone. (The unpredictable, open-ended character of the series is suggested by the fact that the second bomb originally was to be dropped on the city of Kokura, which was spared Nagasaki‘s fate only because bad weather protected it from view.) Each picture therefore seemed not so much an image of something that happened a half-century ago as a window cut into the wall of the photography center showing what soon could easily happen to New York. Wherever the exhibit might travel, moreover, the view of threatened future from these ―windows‖ would be roughly accurate, since, although every intact city is different from every other, all cities that suffer nuclear destruction will look much the same.

美国使用世界上第2颗原子弹将长崎夷为平地仅仅用了几秒钟，然而，山端拍摄这一事件的照片从长崎辗转回到美国却用了50年之久。照片第一次在美国展出是在1995年，展出地点是纽约国际摄影中心。迟到了半个世纪，这些照片仍然带有新闻

效应。这些照片展示的是单个城市的命运，但却带有普遍意义，因为在我们这个核武器时代，发生在长崎身上的灾难也可能在转瞬之间发生在世界任何一个城市身上。通过这些照片，长崎为自己正名。它一直存在于广岛的阴影中，因为似乎人类的想象力到达广岛这第一个被毁灭的城市的废墟之后便裹足不前、消失殆尽了，以至于连长崎的边缘都到达不了。然而，长崎的灭顶之灾在某些方面恰恰是笼罩在我们头顶上的核威胁阴云的更有力的象征。它证明人类一旦大开核武器杀戒，就会重蹈覆辙。它带来了系列破坏的概念，就是说，有成千上万的核武器持续存在，我们每个人都有可能受到威胁。(第2颗原子弹原定是投向小仓的，只是后来因为天气恶劣，空中视线不佳，这才使小仓免遭长崎的厄运。这说明了核武器系列性威胁捉摸不定、难以预测的性质。)因此，与其说每张照片似乎记录了半个世纪之前发生的景象，还不如说它是嵌在摄影中心墙上的一扇窗户，透过它人们能看到也许很快就会轻而易举地发生在纽约的事情。而且，无论这些展品到达何方，这些“视窗”展示的遭受威胁的未来景象都大致准确，因为尽管每个完好无损的城市和其他城市都大不相同，任何遭遇核毁灭打击的城市面貌都将相差无几。

3.Yamahata‘s pictures afford a glimpse of the end of the world. Yet in our day,

when the challenge is not just to apprehend the nuclear peril but to seize a God-given opportunity to dispel it once and for all, we seem to need, in addition, some other picture to counterpoise against ruined Nagasaki －one showing not what we would lose through our failure but what we would gain by our success.

What might that picture be, though? How do you show the opposite of the end of the world? Should it be Nagasaki, intact and alive, before the bomb was dropped －or perhaps the spared city of Kokura? Should it be a child, or a mother and child, or perhaps the Earth itself? None seems adequate, for how can we give a definite form to that which can assume infinite forms, namely, the lives of all human beings, now and in the future? Imagination, faced with either the end of the world or its continuation, must remain incomplete. Only action can satisfy.

山端的照片使人们对世界末日可以管中窥豹。然而，在这个时代，我们的挑战不仅是认识核威胁的存在，还要抓住这个天赐良机彻底消灭核威胁。所以，除了这些照片，我们还需要其他照片来抵消遭受毁灭的长崎带来的负面感受；我们需要的照片所展示的不是我们通过失败会失去的事物，而是通过成功我们能得到的东西。但是，这该是什么样的照片？你如何展示和世界末日截然相反的另一面？是长崎在投弹前完好无缺、生机勃勃的照片吗？抑或是逃过一劫的小仓？或者是一个儿童，还是一位母亲和她的孩子，抑或是地球本身？没有一张能充分达到目的。原因是我们如何能以有限之形式来展现现在和将来气象万千的全人类生机无限的一个个鲜活生命？面对世界末日或世界未来，想象力的确力不从心。只有行动能令人满意。

4.Once, the arrival in the world of new generations took care of itself. Now, they

can come into existence only if, through an act of faith and collective will, we ensure their right to exist. Performing that act is the greatest of the responsibilities of the generations now alive. The gift of time is the gift of life, forever, if we know how to receive it.

过去，新生代降临人世乃自然而然之事。现在，他们只有依靠今人充满信仰的行动和集体意志才能到来，我们必须保障他们存在的权利。当今世人最重大的责任就是采取这样的行动。时间的礼物永远是生命的礼物，前提是我们必须懂得如何接受这样的礼物。

Unit 5 The Tapestry of Friendship 友谊面面观

1 It was, in many ways, a slight movie. Nothing actually happened. There was no big-budget chase scene, no bloody shoot-out. The story ended without any cosmic conclusions.

从多方面看来，这是一部不足挂齿的小制作电影。平淡无奇。没有大成本制作的追逐画面，没有血腥的枪战。故事结尾也没得出什么意味深长的结论。

2 Yet she found Claudia Weill‘s film Girlfriend gentle and affecting. Slowly, it panned across the tapestry of friendship –showing its fragility, its resiliency, its role as the connecting tissue between the lives of two young women.

然而她还是觉得克劳迪娅·韦尔的电影《女朋友》温婉动人。它缓缓地向我们展现了友谊的全貌——它的脆弱、生命力，以及它连接两个年轻女子人生的纽带作用。

3 When it was over, she thought about the movies she had seen this year –Julia，The Turning Point and now Girlfriends. It seemed that the peculiar eye, the social lens of the cinema, had drastically shifted its focus. Suddenly the Male Buddy movies had been replaced by the Female Friendship flicks.

电影放完了，她回想起这一年看过的几部电影——《茱莉亚》、《转折点》，还有现在这部《女朋友》。似乎电影作品镜头这一特殊视角已经大大改变了聚焦对象。一转眼哥俩好的电影已经被反映闺蜜友谊的影片所替代。

4 This wasn‘t just another binge of trendiness, but a kind of cinema vérité. For once the movies were reflecting a shift, not just from men to women but from one definition of friendship to another. 这并不仅仅是另一场时尚狂欢，而是一种实录电影的潮流。就这一次电影反映一种转向，不只是从男性转向女性，而是从友谊的一种定义转为另一种定义。

5 Across millions of miles of celluloid, the ideal of friendship had always been male – a world of sidekicks and ―partners‖ of Butch Cassidys and Sundance Kids. There had been something almost atavistic about these visions of attachments –as if producers culled

their plots from some pop anthropology book on male bonding. Movies portrayed the idea that only men, those direct descendants of hunters and Hemingways, inherited a primal capacity for friendship. In contrast, they portrayed women picking on each other, the way they once picked berries.

纵观数百万英里长的电影胶片，友谊的理想主角总是男性——满世界都是类似布奇·卡西迪斯及其铁哥们山丹思·基德斯这样的密友、同伴的故事。这些形影不离的银幕形象似乎是来自远古社会——故事情节好像是制片人从诠释男性间密切关系的人类学通俗读物里选取出来似的。影片诠释了一个观点，即只有男性——那些猎人和海明威式硬汉的传人——才继承了对于友谊的原始的能力。相反，女人们总是被描绘成互相挑刺，就好像她们从前挑选浆果那样。

6 Well, that duality must have been mortally wounded in some shootout at the You’re OK, I’m OK Corral. Now, on the screen, they were at least aware of the subtle distinction between men and women as buddies and friends.

哦，那种两面性在OK牧场枪战中一定已经受了致命的枪伤了。现在，在银幕上，他们至少意识到男人作为哥们、女人作为闺蜜的微妙区别。

7 About 150 years ag o, Coleridge had written, ―A woman‘s friendship borders more closely on love than man‘s. Men affect each other in the reflection of noble or friendly acts, whilst women ask fewer proofs and more signs and expressions of attachment.‖

大约150年前，柯勒律治写道：―比起男性，女性的友谊更接近爱恋。男性之间相互影响体现在崇高或友善的举动中，而女性不需要这么多实实在在的例证，却需要更多依恋之情的外在表露。‖

8 Well, she thought, on the whole, men had buddies, while women had friends. Buddies bonded, but friends loved. Buddies faced adversity together, but friends faced each other. There was something palpably different in the way they spent their time. Buddies seemed to ―do‖ things together; friends simply ―were‖ together.

好吧，她想，总体来说，男人有哥们，女人有闺蜜。哥们相互关联，闺蜜互相喜爱。哥们共同面对逆境，但闺蜜直面彼此。显然，两者共度时光的方式互不相同。哥们似乎一起―做‖事，闺蜜只不过―在‖一起。

9 Buddies came linked, like accessories, to one activity or another. People have golf buddies and business buddies, college buddies and club buddies. Men often keep their buddies in these categories, while women keep a special category for friends.

哥们像同伙一样靠各种活动联系在一起。人们有一起打高尔夫的哥们，有商场上的哥们，大学时的哥们和俱乐部的哥们。男人经常按这些类别给哥们归类，而女人们把闺蜜专门归类。

10 A man once told her that men weren‘t real buddies until they had been ―through the wars‖ together –corporate or athletic or military. They had to soldier together, he

said. Women, on the other hand, di dn‘t count themselves as friends until they had shared three loathsome confidences. 一个男人曾经告诉她男人不会成为真正的哥们，除非他们曾经―并肩作战‖——在商场上，运动场上，或是战场上。他说，他们得在一起当兵打仗才成。另一方面，女人们除非共享了3个讨人嫌的秘密之后才视彼此为闺蜜。

11 Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other.哥们在一起共渡难关，闺蜜则相互依赖。

12 It probably had something to do with pride. You don‘t show off to a friend; you show need. Buddies try to keep the worst from each other; friends confess it.

或许这和自尊有点关系。对一个闺蜜，你不会炫耀，你只会告之你的需要。哥们互相把最糟糕的情况藏着掖着，闺蜜会互相倾诉痛苦。

13 A friend of hers once telephoned her lover, just to find out if he was home. She hung up without a hello when he picked up the phone. Later, wretched with embarrassment, the friend moaned, ―Can you believe me? A thirty-five-year-old lawyer, making a chicken call?‖ Together they laughed and made it better.她一个闺蜜有一次给情人打电话，就是想确认他是否在家。他刚把电话接起来她就挂了。事后，这个朋友觉得很尴尬，哀叹道：―你信吗？一个35岁的律师，打这种偷偷摸摸的电话？‖她们一起哈哈大笑，这样感觉好一些了。

14 Buddies seek approval. But friends seek acceptance.哥们追求相互认同，而闺蜜追求互相接受。

15 She knew so many men who had been trained in restraint, afraid of each oth er‘s judgment or awkward with each other‘s affection. She wasn‘t sure which. Like buddies in the movies, they would die for each other, but never hug each other.她认识许多男人，这些人在自我克制方面训练有素。他们害怕来自彼此的意见，若彼此喜爱也很不自在。她不清楚是哪种情况。就像电影中的哥们，他们愿意为对方献出生命，却从来不彼此拥抱。

16 She had reread Babbitt recently, that extraordinary catalogue of male grievances. The only relationship that gave meaning to the claustrophobic life of George Babbitt had been with Paul Riesling. But not once in the tragedy of their lives had one been able to say to the other: You make a difference.14 15 16 最近她重读了《巴比特》，这是关于男人难处的非凡作品。乔治·巴比特过着幽闭恐惧症的生活，唯一令他这种生活有意义的人际关系来自保罗·里斯令。然而在他们悲剧性的生活中没有任何一个人对对方说过一次这样的话：有了你，我的生活与过去不一样。

17 Even now men shocked her at times with their description of friendship. Does this one have a best friend? ―Why, of course, we see each other every February.‖ Does that one call his most intimate pal long distance? ―Why, certainly, whenever there‘s a real reason.‖ Do those two old chums ever have dinner together? ―You mean alone? Without our wives?‖即便现在她有时还是会对男人关于友谊的描述感到震惊。这个人有最要好的朋友

吗？―怎么啦，当然啦，我们每年2月都会见面。‖那个人会给他最好的朋友打长途电话吗？―怎么啦，当然啦，每次真的有事的话就会打啊。‖这两个老朋友真的在一起吃过饭吗？―你意思就两个人？不带上各自的老婆？‖

19 Yet, things were changing. The ideal of intimacy wasn‘t this parallel playmate, this teammate, this trenchmate. Not even in Hollywood. In the double standard of friendship, for once the female version was becoming accepted as the general ideal.然而，情况正发生着变化。亲密的理想状态不是这种平行式的玩伴、队友、战友关系。即便是好莱坞影片也不是。在友谊的双重标准下，就这一次这种女性版本的友谊作为普遍理想正在被人们接受。20 After all, a buddy is a fine life-companion. But one‘s friends, as Santayana once wrote, ―are that part of the race with which one can be human.‖

哥们毕竟是很好的终身伙伴。但正如桑塔雅那曾经写下的那样，人们的朋友―是种族中与之结交后人们就可成其为人的那部分人‖。

Unit 6 A French Fourth

Along about this time every year, as Independence Day approaches, I pull an old American flag out of a bottom drawer where it is folded away －folded in a square, I admit, not the regulation triangle. I’ve had it a long time and have always flown it outside on July 4. Here in Paris it hangs from a fourth-floor balcony visible from the street. I’ve never seen anyone look up, but in my mind’s eye an American tourist may notice it and smile, and a French passerby may be reminded of the date and the occasion that prompt its appearance. I hope so.

每年差不多到了独立日日益临近的时候，我都会把一面折叠好的旧的美国国旗从底层抽屉里取出——我承认我折叠国旗不是官方规定的三角形，而是正方形。我拥有这面国旗很长时间了，每年到了7月4日我总是把它挂出来。身处巴黎的我把它挂在四楼的阳台上，在马路上都看得到。虽然我没见过有人抬头看它一眼，但在我脑海中，我想象着美国游客或许会注意到它并莞尔一笑，而法国路人会从中想起促使这面国旗出现的相关日期和原因。诚愿如此。For my expatriated family, too, the flag is meaningful, in part because we don’t do anything else to celebrate the Fourth. People don’t have barbecues in Paris apartments, and most other Americans I know who have settled here suppress such outward signs of their heritage －or they go back home for the summer to refuel.

对我们这个旅居国外的家庭来说，这面国旗之所以意义深远，部分是因为我们没有其他任何活动来庆祝独立日。巴黎人不在公寓里烧烤，我认识的大多数在此定居的美国人并不张扬他们的这种传统，他们宁可回国消夏来为自己加油打气。

Our children think the flag-hanging is a cool thing, and I like it because it gives us a few moments of family Q&A about our citizenship. My wife and I have been away from the

United States for nine years, and our children are eleven and nine, so American history is mostly something they have learned －or haven’t learned －from their parents. July 4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease about the great lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and is prompted to try to fill the gaps. It’s also a time, one among many, when my thoughts turn more generally to the costs and benefits of raising children in a foreign culture.

我的孩子们觉得悬挂国旗很酷，我也喜欢这种做法，因为它让我们家有机会就我们的公民身份问答一番。我们夫妻离开美国长达9年，两个孩子一个11岁一个9岁，所以美国历史对他们来说，很大程度上要么是从父母那里已经学到的知识，要么是还没学到的知识。每到类似7月4日这样的日子，我的美国心便感到忐忑不安，因为孩子们对他们身份的认同存在巨大的空白，所以我想尽力填补这些空白。这也是很多场合中的一个，让我的思想更全面地考虑在异国文化氛围中养育子女的利与弊。

Louise and Henry speak French fluently; they are taught in French at school, and most of their friends are French. They move from language to language, seldom mixing them up, without effort or even awareness. This is a wonderful thing, of course. And our physical separation from our native land is not much of an issue. My wife and I are grateful every day for all that our children are not exposed to. American school shootings are a good object lesson for our children in the follies of the society we hold at a distance.

路易丝和亨利法语都说得很流利。学校里使用法语教学，他们的朋友大多数是法国人。他们在法语和英语之间切换自如，不费吹灰之力，极少把两种语言搞混。这当然很棒。我们远离故国，相隔千山万水，也不是什么问题。每天我们夫妻俩都为儿女不用面对的一切坏事而心怀感激。美国校园枪战对我们孩子来说是避之不及的社会愚蠢行为的极好反面教材。Naturally, we also want to remind them of reasons to take pride in being American and to try to convey to them what that means. It is a difficult thing to do from afar, and the distance seems more than just a matter of miles. I sometimes think that the stories we tell them must seem like Aesop’s (or La Fontaine’s) fables, myths with no fixed place in space or time. Still, connections can be made, lessons learned.

当然了，我们也希望能提醒他们身为美国人而自豪的原因，想方设法告诉他们这样做意义何在。在远离祖国的情况下这样做不容易，距离并不是和祖国相隔有多远的问题。有时我想我们给孩子们讲的故事听起来一定很像伊索寓言或拉封丹寓言，都是些没有确凿时间地点的神话。但无论如何，毕竟还能做点联系，学点东西。

Last summer we spent a week with my brother and his family, who live in Concord, Massachusetts, and we took the children to the North Bridge to give them a glimpse of the American Revolution. We happened to run across a reenactment of the skirmish that launched the war, with everyone dressed up in three-cornered hats and cotton bonnets.

This probably only confirmed to our goggle-eyed kids the make-believe quality of American history.

去年夏天，我们和我弟弟一家在一起度过了一周，他们住在马萨诸塞州的康科德城。我们带孩子们参观北桥，让他们看一眼美国独立战争的遗址。我们碰巧赶上了一个表演，表演重现了触发大战的小规模战斗的情景。演出中男士都戴着三角帽，而女士戴着有带子的帽子。这也许恰恰让这些瞪大眼睛的孩子们加深了美国历史虚幻性的印象。7 6个月后，我们吃饭时在饭桌上回忆起参观的情景，我问路易丝美国独立战争是怎么一回事。她认为这和一个人骑着马从一个镇子跑到另一个镇子有关。“啊，”我回答道，满意之情在心中油然而生，接着问道：“这个人叫什么名字？”“格列佛？”路易丝答道。至于亨利，他知道独立战争是英国人和美国人打仗，而且打仗也许是为了奴隶制。

Six months later, when we were recalling the experience at the family dinner table here, I asked Louise what the Revolution had been about. She thought that it had something to do with the man who rode his horse from town to town. “Ah”, I said, satisfaction swelling in my breast, “and what was that man’s name?”“Gulliver?” Louise replied. Henry, for his part, knew that the Revolution was between the British and the Americans, and thought that it was probably about slavery.

6个月后，我们吃饭时在饭桌上回忆起参观的情景，我问路易丝美国独立战争是怎么一回事。她认为这和一个人骑着马从一个镇子跑到另一个镇子有关。“啊，”我回答道，满意之情在心中油然而生，接着问道：“这个人叫什么名字？”“格列佛？”路易丝答道。至于亨利，他知道独立战争是英国人和美国人打仗，而且打仗也许是为了奴隶制。

As we pursued this conversation, though, we learned what the children knew instead. Louise told us that the French Revolution came at the end of the Enlightenment, when people learned a lot of ideas, and one was that they didn’t need kings to tell them what to think or do. On another occasion, when Henry asked what makes a person a “junior” or a “II”or a “III”, Louise helped me answer by bringing up kings like Louis Quatorze and Quinze and Seize; Henry riposted with Henry VIII.

然而当我们进一步讨论这个话题，我们知道小孩子们都掌握了哪些知识。路易丝告诉我们法国大革命发生在启蒙运动末期，那时人们已经懂得很多道理，其中一个道理就是人们不需要国王告诉大家该想什么、该做什么。还有一次，亨利问为什么要在一个人名字后面加上“小”，或者加上“二世”，或者“三世"，路易丝帮我回答了这个问题，举了路易十四、路易十五和路易十六几位国王的例子，亨利立刻机敏地回以亨利八世的例子。

I can’t say I worry much about our children’s European frame of reference. There will be plenty of time for them to learn America’s pitifully brief history and to find out who Thomas Jefferson and Franklin Roosevelt were. Already they know a great deal more than I would have wished about Bill Clinton.

我不能说我很担心对孩子们凡事都以欧洲作为参照系有多少担忧。让他们学习美国短得可怜的历史，了解托马斯?杰斐逊、富兰克林?罗斯福是谁来日方长。他们现在对比尔?克林顿的了解已经比我希望的要多了。

If all of this resonates with me, it may be because my family moved to Paris in 1954, when I was three, and I was enrolled in French schools for most of my grade-school years.

I don’t remember much instruction in American studies at school or at home. I do remember that my mother took me out of school one afternoon to see the movie Oklahoma! I can recall what a faraway place it seemed: all that sunshine and square dancing and surreys with fringe on top. The sinister Jud Fry personified evil for quite some time afterward. Cowboys and Indians were an American clichéthat had already reached Paris through the movies, and I asked a grandparent to send me a Davy Crockett hat so that I could live out that fairy tale against the backdrop of gray postwar Montparnasse.

如果说我对这一切产生共鸣，也许是因为我们家在1954年就迁往巴黎，当时我才3岁。我大部分小学时光都在法国学校里度过。我不记得在学校或是在家里学了多少关于美国的知识。我记得很清楚的是有一天下午妈妈把我从学校里领出来去看电影，电影名叫《俄克拉荷马!》。我记得那看起来似乎是个非常遥远的地方：阳光普照，人们跳着方形舞，还有顶盖饰有流苏的萨里式游览马车。此后很长时间里阴险的贾德?弗赖成了邪恶的化身。通过电影，巴黎早就熟悉了像牛仔和印第安人这样代表美国的陈词滥调。我还让一位祖辈给我寄了一顶戴维?克罗克特式的帽子，这样，我就可以在蒙巴纳斯二战后灰蒙蒙的背景下重现当年的传奇了。

Although my children are living in the same place at roughly the same time in their lives, their experience as expatriates is very different from mine. The particular narratives of American history aside, American culture is not theirs alone but that of their French classmates, too. The music they listen to is either “American”or “European,”but it is often hard to tell the difference. In my day little French kids looked like nothing other than little French kids; but Louise and Henry and their classmates dress much as their peers in the United States do, though with perhaps less Lands’End fleeciness. When I returned to visit the United States in the 1950s, it was a five-day ocean crossing for a month’s home leave every two years; now we fly over for a week or two, although not very often. Virtually every imaginable product available to my children’s American cousins is now obtainable here.

尽管我的孩子们在大概像我小时候那样的岁数时住在同样的地方，他们作为外国侨民的经历和我的大不相同。撇开特别的美国历史的叙述不谈，美国文化不仅仅属于他们，还属于他们的法国同学。他们听的音乐不是“美国的”就是“欧洲的”，但经常很难加以区别。我小时

候法国小孩看起来就是法国小孩，但路易丝和亨利还有他们的同学穿着打扮和美国的同龄人很像，尽管美国小孩可能因为穿的是“极点牌”的时装，看上去更加毛茸茸一些。20世纪50年代，每两年我回美国探亲一次，要花5天时间横跨大洋，然后在美国呆上一个月。如今我们乘飞机过去住上一两周，尽管不太频繁。孩子们的美国表兄弟姐妹们可以想象得到的几乎任何产品现在在法国也买得到。

If time and globalization have made France much more like the United States than it was in my youth, then I can conclude a couple of things. On the one hand, our children are confronting a much less jarring cultural divide than I did, and they have more access to their native culture. Re-entry, when it comes, is likely to be smoother. On the other hand, they are less than fully immersed in a truly foreign world. That experience no longer seems possible in Western countries －a sad development, in my view.

如果时间和全球化使法国变得比我青少年时代更像美国的话，我可以得出几个结论。一方面，我们的孩子们所面临的文化差异不像我少时那般难以调和，他们有更多的机会接触他们的本族文化。如果会出现这样的情况，也就是再次进入一种文化，有可能更加顺利。另一方面，他们不是真正浸淫在纯正的外国世界中。在西方国家，生长在纯粹异域文化中的那种经历似乎再也不可能了——在我看来，这种发展是件悲哀的事情。

Unit 7 The Monster

He was an undersized little man, with a head too big for his body ― a sickly little man. His nerves were bad. He had skin trouble. It was agony for him to wear anything next to his skin coarser than silk. And he had delusions of grandeur.

他是个大头小身体、病怏怏的矬子；成日神经兮兮，皮肤也有毛病。假使贴肉的地方不穿绫罗绸缎，他便痛苦至极。他还有自大妄想。

He was a monster of conceit. Never for one minute did he look at the world or at people, except in relation to himself. He believed himself to be one of the greatest dramatists in the world, one of the greatest thinkers, and one of the greatest composers. To hear him talk, he was Shakespeare, and Beethoven, and Plato, rolled into one. He was one of the most exhausting conversationalists that ever lived. Sometimes he was brilliant; sometimes he was maddeningly tiresome. But whether he was being brilliant or dull, he had one sole topic of conversation: himself. What he thought and what he did.

他是个骄傲自大的畸人。除非他以自我为中心和出发点，否则他片刻都不拿正眼看这个世界，看这些世人。他认为自己是这世上最伟大的剧作家之一，最伟大的思想家之一，还是最伟大的作曲家之一。听他说话，人们感觉他集莎士比亚、贝多芬和柏拉图于一身。他是有史以来最能把听众搞得疲惫不堪的话痨之一。有时他妙语连珠，有时却又令人厌烦到无法忍受。但不管他出彩也罢，乏味也罢，他的话题只有一个：他自己——他自己的所思所为。

He had a mania for being in the right. The slightest hint of disagreement, from anyone, on the most trivial point, was enough to set him off on a harangue that might last for hours, in which he proved himself right in so many ways, and with such exhausting volubility, that in the end his hearer, stunned and deafened, would agree with him, for the sake of peace.

他有种坚持自己一贯正确的狂热。任何人只要有一丝半点的不同意见，即使再微不足道，也是够让他高谈阔论几个钟头，用他那十分累人的雄辩从多方面论证自己是正确的，结果是他的听众听得目瞪口呆，两耳震聋，为了息事宁人，只好顺从他。

It never occurred to him that he and his doing were not of the most intense and fascinating interest to anyone with whom he came in contact. He had theories about almost any subject under the sun, including vegetarianism, the drama, politics, and music; and in support of these theories he wrote pamphlets, letters, books ... thousands upon thousands of words, hundreds and hundreds of pages. He not only wrote these things, and published them ― usually at somebody else’s expense ― but he would sit and read them aloud, for hours, to his friends, and his family.

他从未意识到，那些与他来往的人对于他本人和他的所作所为并没有太大的兴趣。他对万事万物几乎都有自己的理论，包括素食主义、戏剧、政治与音乐。为了支持这些理论他写下小册子、信件和书籍……他写了千言万语，成百上千页。他不仅著书立说，还要刊行于世，而且往往不用他自掏腰包。他还正襟危坐，面对朋友和家人高声朗读这些作品，连续数小时而孜孜不倦。

He had the emotional stability of a six-year-old child. When he felt out of sorts, he would rave and stamp, or sink into suicidal gloom and talk darkly of going to the East to end his days as a Buddhist monk. Ten minutes later, when something pleased him he would rush out of doors and run around the garden, or jump up and down off the sofa, or stand on his head. He could be grief-stricken over the death of a pet dog, and could be callous and heartless to a degree that would have made a Roman emperor shudder.

他的情感状态像6岁小儿那样不稳定。身体不舒服时，他会暴跳如雷，跺脚发泄；或是垂头丧气，痛不欲生，阴郁地表示他要远走东方，出家当和尚，终老一生。十分钟后，来了让他开心的事，他会冲出门去，在花园里奔跑打转，或在沙发上上蹦下跳，或者拿大顶。一只宠物小狗的死去会让他难过至极，但他的冷酷无情又足以令罗马暴君不寒而栗。

He was almost innocent of any sense of responsibility. He was convinced that the world owed him a living. In support of this belief, he borrowed money from everybody who was good for a loan ―men, women, friends, or strangers. He wrote begging letters by the score, sometimes groveling without shame, at others loftily offering his intended benefactor the privilege of contributing to his support, and being mortally offended if the

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.

大学英语Unit 1 课文翻译

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新一代大学英语综合教程1英语课文翻译

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NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。

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大学英语课文翻译及习 题答案 标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

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