南京师范大学--翻译硕士英语(三套题)

南京师范大学外国语学院MTI英语笔译专业

翻译硕士英语

重点、难点及模拟测试题

目录

第一部分专业课考试科目剖析 (3)

第二部分知识点串讲 (3)

第三部分应试技巧 (8)

第四部分模拟测试题及答案 (14)

2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（一） (14)

2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（一）答案 (21)

2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（二） (32)

2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（二）答案 (40)

2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（三） (50)

2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（三）答案 (58)

第一部分专业课考试科目剖析内容包含：

《高级口译翻译教程》

近八年专八真题

《美文背诵经典篇章》（1）环球时代编

《英汉文体翻译教程》

南京师范大学学报

《论点论据论证》等高考写作类书籍

China Daily. 积累词汇

《Economist》

真题、考试大纲。

环球时代网站

第二部分知识点串讲

阶段目标对指定参考书目进行“地毯式”学习一遍，了解全书内容，理解书中的每一个知识点。对各门课程有个系统性的了解，弄清每本书的章节分布情况，内在逻辑结构，重点章节所在等，但不要求记住。

注意事项1．学习任务中所说的“一遍”不一定是指仅看一次书，某些难点多的章节可能要反复看几遍才能彻底理解通过。

2．本阶段学习重在理解，不需强制记忆，但一定要全面。

3．每本书每章节看完后最好自己能闭上书后列一个提纲，以此回忆内容梗概，也方便以后看着提纲进行提醒式记忆。

4．看进度，卡时间。一定要防止看书太慢，遇到弄不懂的问题，要及时请教专业

咨询师或本校老师。

5．看书过程中，有条件听课的一定要去听听目标院校导师的课。要是不方便的话，本校开设的相关课程也可以去听一下。

复习

资料

学习内容（章节要求、知识点）

《高级口译翻译教程》平常注意积累百科知识和写作素材《中国日报》《经济报》第一章

翻译中连接词、冠词、代词省略练习：课文两篇都是重点

第二章

英汉语对比，动词和名词相互转译练习：课文两篇都是重点

第三章

人称代词、物主代词的翻译方法练习：课文第一篇是重点

第四章

熟记一些常见译名，学会加词

练习：课文两篇都是重点

第五章

加词法

练习：课文第一篇是重点

第六章

被动句、主动句译法

练习：课文两篇都是重点

阶段目标对指定参考书进行深入复习，加强知识点的前后联系，建立整体框架结构。分清、整理、掌握重难点，完成参考书配有的习题训练。

做历年真题，弄清考试形式、题型设置和难易程度等内容，整理真题答案。

注：10-11月研究生考试报名确认工作开始，考生到指定的地点进行现场确认，缴费并照相。

（一）参考书深入复习计划

注意事项1.将参考书中的概念、原理要注意理解记忆,书中的例题要做一遍。

2.课后习题尤其是指定习题要完成，要规范地写出答案。

3．把书上可能考到的名词解释、问答、论述等文字性的题目都整理在笔记本上。

4．将全书的重点归纳成一系列的知识点，一定要有系统性。这样做的好处是加深印象，并且对知识有更加系统的理解。

复习学习内容（章节要求、知识点、习题）

资料

《英汉文体翻译》平常注意积累百科知识和写作素材、每两周一篇作文练习《中国日报》《经济

报》第二章要求熟记文章翻译格式，术语，写作规范。第一节1.P28译文

第二节记固定翻译

第三节P91练习

第四节P98练习

第五节P111练习

第六节P120练习

第七节P130演讲

第三章要求熟记格式，术语，写作规范。

第一节P154~P159 翻译技巧

第二节掌握各类新闻题材的写作特点、术语

第四章要求熟记格式，术语，写作规范。

第一节语言特点和翻译方法

第二节不同类型广告的翻译

第五章要求熟记格式，术语，写作规范。

第一节科技英语的特点、句法特点、术语翻译

第二节略读

第三节科技论文，掌握格式

第四节掌握格式

第五节快速翻译的方法

第六节科幻小说翻译特点

第六章要求熟记格式，术语，写作规范。

第一节文学文体的语言特点和翻译

第二节散文类型、特点

第三节小说特点、类型

第四节戏剧特点

第五节诗歌翻译特点

（二）历年真题学习计划

复习资料备注

专八真题历年真题第二遍专业书复习本次浏览真题，不一定都要会做，但要弄清每一道题属于书中的哪一章、哪个知识点。通过做真题要了解考试形式、考试重点、题型设置和难易程度等内容。

认真对比有什么变化整理所有真题的答案。真题答案一定要完整。整理过程中，每道真题，尤其是比较复杂的分析题目不能少于三遍。

浏览背诵

冲刺阶段(12年12月－13年1月)

阶段目标总结所有重点知识点，包括重点概念、理论和模型等，查漏补缺，回归教材。温习专业课笔记和历年真题，分析真题的出题思路，做专业课模拟试题。

复

习

资

料

学习内容备注

指定参考书、历年真题、专业课笔记、模拟题等分析真题

的出题思

路，预测本

年度可能

考查的内

容和出题

思路

注意是预测，而不是押题，不能留死角。有时间的话，应当在

保证重点的前提下，兼顾零散知识点。

温习专业

课笔记和

历年真题

记忆性的重点和真题答案可以背诵下来，这样能够让学员融会

贯通，理解更加深刻。

全真模拟，

强化考点

意识

1．要注意培养考点意识，学会用标准的答题方法解答相关问题，

多做模拟试卷，进一步归类整理总结。

2．多做一些模拟练习是必要的，可以让自己合理分配答题时间，

对以前没有充分注意到的知识点拾遗补缺

查漏补缺，

看看哪些

章节还没

掌握好，再

仔细复习

一下。

1．将散落在各个题目中的知识点串成串，连成片，直至复原成

完整的意象。

2．对照大纲，看看自己的知识点是否理解到位、准确。

全面回顾，

回忆知识

点、易考题

目及答案，

准备应考。

有个别重难点实在不好记，可以先标记一下，考前一两天，甚

至考前一两个小时再看，但这种题目不宜超过3-5个。

第三部分应试技巧

一、多练习阅读理解和完形题，少做单选题；

考试非常强调语篇意识，即使是单项选择题，读不懂题干也不可能作对题目。“得阅读者得天下”

一句话概括了英语取得高分的秘密。掌握英语高分的窍门在于阅读与语意的理解。英语的本质是客观、精确。英语和语文不同，非常讲究逻辑思维，可以说是一门纯“理科”式的语言学科。记住，学好并考好英语的前提是：客观和精确。

二、完形填空技巧

1、利用文章中心主题句一一利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。

为给学生理解文章奠定基础，使学生更易于理解文章内容，出题者在设计完形填空试题时，总是保留一个完整的、或是大半个完整的表达主旨的句子。大家知道，文章的开头很重要，往往开宗明义点出文章主题。因此，整篇文章的提示句往往在开头。考生应充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索。

2、分析文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系。

只有明白文章结构，了解各段落之间的关系，才能加深对文章的理解。明白了各部分是如何为表现主题思想服务的，也就更容易把握带空的句子所需要的是什么内容，因此就更容易选准答案了。

这要求考生具有扎实的英语词组、短语、习惯用法等英语搭配的知识，这对于理解文章的逻辑关系特别有利。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。

3、利用上下文寻找解题信息

由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。

但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。

4、运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识及搭配关系

做题时应注意文章中的衔接：

①逻辑衔接：包括过渡词、连接手段、指代关系、肯定、否定等。

②语义衔接：包括区别同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词。

③结构衔接：指名词、动词、形容词等在句中或文中与其他词的衔接。

④惯用衔接：即通常所说的固定短语。

5、运用排除法

如果不能很有把握地直接看出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，从而缩小选择的范围，提高答题准确率。这种情况有以下几种：

①从时态、语态、语气、名词的数等各个角度分析所填内容是否与上下文一致，从而排除一

些备选答案，缩小选择范围。

②分析空白处与前后词之间的语义关联、搭配关系，从而排除一些选项。

③弄清楚该题的句法关系，分析一下它是简单句、并列句，还是复合句。

④判断所填的内容在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，并分析备选答案之间的异同，从而

排除干扰项选出正确答案。

6、运用背景知识和社会常识

解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要考生把符合常识的一些知识信息结合起来考虑，最后选出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，对文章的理解就越容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。

三、阅读理解技巧：关键词定位法。其次，遇到长句子时不要乱了方寸，要看一下它属于哪种结构从而理解句子主干的意思，找出句子的“主谓宾”；分析句子的修饰部分，找出句子的“定状补”，经过这两个步骤才能准确把握整个句子的意思。

四、汉译英

（一）对汉语句子的两个分析，两个确定。

1、读句子、确定时态

英语有十六种时态，常用的就有八种，它们通过不同的构成方式来表明时态。在汉语句子中同样有表示时态特征的词。比如：“正在”（表示进行时态）；“已经”（表示完成时态）；“打算，准备”（表示将来时态）等等。比如：

他们已经完成了工作。

该句中出现了表示时态特征的词“已经”，表明动作已经发生完成，用完成时态。我想提醒大家的是：不要轻易用过去完成时态，它一般用于从句中表示当动作发生在主句动作之前。该句应该用现在完成时态。于是译为：They have already finished their work..

汉语句子中若没有“正在”、“已经”、“打算，准备”等表示时态特征的词，我们同样可以根据句子中出现的时间状语来判断时态。

该句具有明显的时态特征。我们在翻译的过程中遇到的汉语句子很多情况下没有明显的时态特征词，又该怎样确定时态呢？这就需要我们在读句子时仔细分析它的意思，了解它的内容，动作或情况发生的时间先后顺序等等，然后联系我们所学的英语各时态的不同用法来正确选用时态。如：

地球围绕太阳转。

该句陈述的是一个普遍真理，根据我们对英语时态用法的掌握可知，应该用一般现在时态。于是句子译为：The earth goes around the sun.

这几天我们在复习英语。

该句的动作“复习”是“这几天”正在进行，应该用现在进行时态。句子译为：We are reviewing English these days.

2、分析句子结构，判断它是简单句、并列句，还是复合句。

当我们要将一个汉语句子翻译成英语的时候，要从这个汉语句子中分析出该句有没有从句的可能。如果有，还得弄清楚是什么从句。比如：

我们打算暑假去北京游玩。

该句就没有从句的可能性，而是一个简单句。“去北京游玩”是该句的谓语部分；“暑假”是时间状语。于是该句译为：We are going to visit Beijing in summer vocation.

3、分析句子结构判断该用什么英语句型。

在将一个汉语句子翻译成英语的时候，一定要牢记英语的六种基本句型。它们分别是：

主语 + 系动词 + 表语 S + Link Verb +P

主语 + 不及物动词 S +Vi

主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 S + Vt +O

主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 S + Vt + Oi + Od

主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 S + Vt + O + C

There + 系动词 + 主语 There + Link Verb + S

他们给学校一台计算机。

分析该句的结构，谓语动词“给”后面有两个宾语，一个是“学校”，一个是“一台计算机”。在英语中，这种情况称为及物动词后跟双宾，即间接宾语与直接宾语，前者以人或单位充当，后者以物充当。

期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆该句译成英语的句型就应该是S + Vt + Oi + Od。于是句子译为：They gave the school a computer.

4、确定谓语动词。

在汉译英的过程中，准确选用谓语动词相当困难。特别是英语中近意词较多，对处学者来说相对要难一些。这就需要初学者在平时学习英语时多留心英语动词的同义词，近意词的比较。我们来看一个例子吧：

他总是设法完成他的任务。

该句的谓语动词是“设法”，“完成他的任务”是宾语。如何译“设法”呢？try to do sth., do one’s best to do sth., try one’s best to do sth., manage to do sth.都可以表示。但是，manage to do sth. 表示通过努力完成了某事，从句子的意思看，用该词不对。又看thy to do sth.,这个词后面跟不定式表示“打算，企图”，也不对。最后我们只能在do one’s best to do sth., try one’s best to do sth.中选择一个来用，第二个最好。于是句子译为：He is always tries his best to finish his task as possible as he can.

（二）汉译英是的一个一致与一个符合。

1、主谓一致

英语中谓语动词在人称和数的方面必须和主语保持一致。在汉译英时，要做到不忘人称、数的问题。

我们一家人正忙着准备过年。

该句的主语是“我们一家人”，译为英语是“my family”，“family”这一集体名词，在强调成员的时候，看成是复数，谓语动词相应用复数形式。于是句子译为：My family are busy in getting ready for Spring Festival.

一百年不算长。

该句的主语是“一百年”，虽然在英语中它是复数形式，但是由于它是表示时间的名词词组，所表示的是一个整体概念，作主语时，谓语用单数形式。该句译为：One hundred years is not long.

2、符合英语的表达方式和习惯。

东西方国家之间, 由于思维方式的不同, 人们认识事物的出发点也不一样, 因此形成了语言表达上很大的差异, 如果译者能掌握并了解这种差异, 就可能把译文译得通顺, 而且符合各自语言的表达习惯。例如,“四方”中国人习惯说,“东西南北”或“东南西北”。英国人却习惯说,Four cardinal points :North、South、East and West. 中国人以“南”为主, 大概是源于“南面为王”,“北面为朝”的缘故。所以罗盘针明明是指北。却称“指南针”。西方则以北极为定位方向,所以汉语的“东南”、“东北”、“西南”、“西北”, 英语则是southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest。中国人习惯说“衣食住行”, 英语则为food, clothing, housing and transportation。如需转英语中的elemental forces ( the forces of nature) 是earth, water, air and fire 四样而中国古代所说的“五行”则是金、木、水、火、土。

我下周星期三上午十点给你电话。

该句子有两个时间状语“下周星期三”“上午十点”，翻译时我们要明白在多个时间状语同时出现时，单位较小者在前，单位较大者在后。在英语中“上午十点”应该在“下周星期三”之前翻译，于是句子译为：I’ll call you at ten o’clock next Wednesday.

掌握好以上几点，汉译英时就能做到心中有数。如果遇到比较复杂的汉语句子，我们可以按照句子结构对它进行分析，然后化繁为简，分块翻译，最后按照英语表达习惯排列组合成最后的译文。

我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找斯密斯教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。

该句的时态为一般现在时，再看它是否是复合句。我们把这句话的主干画出来就一目了然了：主语是“我”，谓语动词是“提议”，宾语是一个句子“咱们会后马上去办公室找斯密斯教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会”。以此看，这个汉语句子是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。首先主句译为：I propose that … ,谓语动词propose后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，即宾语从句中的谓语动词应该是should + 动词原型（should 可以省略）。

我们再来分析一下宾语从句：

咱们会后马上去办公室找斯密斯教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。

这是一个并列句，主语是“咱们”，第一个简单句的谓语是“去”,“找斯密斯教授”是目的状语，“会后”是时间状语，“办公室”是地点状语。我们知道在英语说话的思维是：“主语——谓语——宾语——方式状语——地点状语——时间状语”，那么这个句子应该译为：We go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting. 第二个简单句的主语是“咱们”，谓语是“邀请”，宾语是“他”，“参加我们的英语晚会”是目的状语，那么句子翻译为：We invite him to our English evening.

通过对句子分析和分块翻译，该句最终的翻译就出来了：I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening.

只要在英语学习的过程中，不断积累英语知识，再加上掌握一定的方法与技巧，那么汉译英就不再是难题，翻译时也会体会到其中的乐趣。

英译汉技巧：

第一，翻译时注意英文的句型，英文的句型一般来说有相应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译：

（1）It is＋名词十从句：It is a fact that…事实是……It is a question that………是个问题It is good news that………是好消息it is common knowledge………是常识

(2) It is＋过去分词十从句：It is said that…据说……It must be pointed out that…必须指出……It is asserted that…有人主张……It is supposed that…据推测……It is believed that…据信……It must be admitted that…必须承认……It is reported that…据报道……It will be seen from ii that…由此可见……It has been proved that…已证明……It is general1y considered that…人们普遍认为……

（3）It is＋形容词十从句：It is necessary that…有必要……It is likely that…很可能……It is clear that…很清楚……It is important that…重要的是……

(4) It＋不及物动词十从句：It follows that…由此可见……It happens that…碰巧……It turned out that…结果是……

第二，注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、“为…所”等等。例如： What is feared as failure in American society is，above all，loneliness.（在美国社会中作为失败而为人们所恐惧的，莫过于孤独了。）

第三，注意长句的翻译。首先不要被长句吓住，即使是很长的句子，也是由最基本的成分组成。分析句子的基本成分，主语、谓语、宾语、状语。抓住主干部分，然后逐次分析各词意思以及相互间的逻辑、语法关系，再进行翻译。值得注意的是关系分句的翻译。关系分句主要功能是作名词（词组）的后置修饰语（即定语），但除作名词修饰语外，关系分句还可起其他作用，比如起状语分句和并列分句的作用，因此译成汉语时要注意，限定性关系分句翻译时因为英文置于名词后，汉语则将其置于先行项（antecedent）的前边，使其译成带有“的”字的定语句子，如：I want a wife who will work and send me to school.（我想要个既能工作又能送我上学的老婆）。有的句子过长，前置会显得累赘，或不符合汉语的习惯，这样我们翻译时将从句后置，把它翻译成跟主句平行的并列句。如：I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's duties but a1ways listens to me.（我想要个老婆，她不会以妻子的义务来打搅我，而是始终听命于我。）非限制性关系分句和它的先行项之间有比较松散的关系。就其意义上来说，在句子中有时相当于二个并列分句，有时在语义上起状语分句的作用，翻译时可将其后置译成并列句，例如：The sun warms the earth， which makes it possible for plants to grow.（太阳温暖了大地，这才使

植物有可能生长。）也可以完全脱离主句，译成独立句。如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.（她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。）

第四部分模拟测试题及答案

2013年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试模拟试题（一）

翻译硕士英语180分钟 100分

Vocabulary

Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked. A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1.Since the most commonly accepted test is the TOEFL exam, most institutions will expect a

____ TOEFL score for admission.

A) minimal B) maximal

C) mimimum D) maximum

2.It was believed that his death ____ with the robbery of the bank downtown.

A) accompanied B) coincided

C) correlated D) conformed

3.Does Emerson find his career full and ____ as a basketball player?

A) conflicting B) charming C) rewarding D) awarding

4.The local government gave the first ____ to education after the war.

A) projection B) protection C） profession D) priority

5.The professor ____ his habit of getting up early in the morning to do writing all his life.

A) projection B) retained C） retailed D) revitalized

6.The news of our team winning the match was really ____, and millions

of people came out to celebrate the victory.

A) overwhelming B) accelerating C） prompting D) preceding

7.What the government should do urgently is to take actions to ____ the economy.

A) brook B) blush C） boost D) brood

8.The explosion in the mine was ____ by a careless miner who lit a match.

A) triggered B) claimed C） hampered D) protested

9.The mass newspaper depended significantly more on advertising ____ than did their

predecessors.

A) revenues B) incomes C） avenues D) outcomes

10.Some minerals are quite common, others are regionally ____, and still others are rare on

the earth.

A) attributed B) distributed C） contributed D) scattered

11.The most successful way to solve the language problem while a foreign

play is being performed is ____ translation.

A) instantaneous B) spontaneous C） simultaneous D) homogeneous

12.The hostess ____ in the contract that the rent should be paid in cash at the beginning of

each month.

A) assumed B) submitted C） exposed D) specified

13.This year, the number of accidents has ____ that of last year.

A) overtaken B) overweighed C） overcome D) overshadowed

14.You must ____ yourself or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace.

A) assess B) assert C） maintain D) promote

15.While both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed ____ in China's particular

situation.

A) available B) feasible C）resolvable D) presumable

16. A good teacher must know how to ____ his ideas to the students, as generally agreed by

educational experts.

A) transmit B) transfer C） convey D) communicate

17.If you keep on taking on more work than you can do, your health will ____.

A) decline B) degrade C） degenerate D) deteriorate

18.The director tried to wave aside these issues as ____ details that would be settled later.

A) preliminary B) primary C） trivial D) alternative

19.As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ____ of

a brilliant career.

A) end B) edge C） threshold D) course

20.During the famine of 1943, millions of peasants ____ to the cities because they could not

make a living in the countryside.

A) immigrated B) emigrated C） migrated D) generated

cloze

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In 21 a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend 22 can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are 23 readers. Most of us develop poor reading 24 at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency 25 in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have 26 meaning until they are strung together into phrased, sentences and paragraphs. 27 , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to 28 words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over 29 you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which 30 down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as 31 reads.

To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an 32 , which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate 33 the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him.The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, 34 word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first 35 is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, 36 your comprehension will improve. Many people have found 37 reading skill drastically improved after some training. 38 Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute 39 the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can 40 a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

21. A.applying B.doing C.offering D.getting

22. A.quickly B.easily C.roughly D.decidedly

23. A.good B.curious C.poor D.urgent

24. A.training B.habits C.situations D.custom

25. A.lies https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b02011928.html,bines C.touches D.involves

26. A.some B. A lot C.little D.dull

27. A.Fortunately B.In fact C.Logically D.Unfortunately

28. A.reuse B.reread C.rewrite D.recite

29. A.what B.which C.that D.if

30. A.scales B.cuts C.slows D.measures

31. A.some one B.one C.he D.reader

32. A.accelerator B.actor C.amplifier D.observer

33. A.then B.as C.beyond D.than

34. A.enabling B.leading C.making D.indicating

35. A.meaning https://www.sodocs.net/doc/b02011928.html,prehension C.gist D.regression

36. A.but B.nor C.or D.for

37. A.our B.your C.their D.sucha

38. A.Look at B.Take C.Make D. Consider

39. A.for B.in C.after D.before

40. A.master B.go over C.present D.get through

Reading Comprehension

Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:

When Kathie Gifford's face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City's Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton's administration launched the "No Sweat" campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.\; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation's largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country's 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.\;

Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. "I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements," she says. According

to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.

41.What is this passgage mainly concerned with?

A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America.

B)A serious problem threatening American economy.

C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America.

D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America.

42.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____.

A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City's Chinatown

B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City's Chinatown

C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City's Chinatown

D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers

43.The underlined phrase "to submit to" is closest in meaning to ____.

A) to accept unwillingly

B) to refuse coldly

C) to welcome warm heartedly

D) to blame strongly

44.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true?

A) It will become the country's 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer.

B) It hasn't acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct.

C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct.

D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign.

45.What was the purpose of President Clinton's administration launching the "No Sweat" campaign?

A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct.

B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct.

C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility.

D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers.

Passage Two

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:

The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.\;

A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).\;

How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.\;

Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned

an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.\;

But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.\;

With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won't pay you back and that the money you'll get won't be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behind treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today's goods.\;

With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.\;

As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don't need the money for a long time, then put it into stocks. If you need it soon, put it into bonds and cash.

46.This passage is intended to give advice on ____.

A) how to avoid inflation risks

B) what kinds of bonds to buy

C) how to get rich by investing in stock market

D) how to become richer by spreading the risk

47.The author mentions such millionaires as the Rockefellers and Bill Gates to show that ____.

A) they are examples for us on our road to wealth

B) a portfolio is essential to financial success

C) they are really rich people

D) they started out on their own

48.Which of the following statements will the author support?

A) Everybody can get rich with some financial assets.

B) The credit risk for treasury bonds is extremely high.

C) It's no use trying to know the advantages of stocks, bonds and cash.

D) Everybody should realize the importance of distribution of their financial assets.

49.The word "returns" in paragraph three can be best replaced by "____."

A) returning journeys

B) profits

C) savings

D) investments

50.The author of the passage points out that ____.

A) keeping cash is the only way to avoid risks

B) the longer you own a stock, the more you lost

C) the high rate of profit and high rate of risk coexist in stocks

D) the best way to accumulate wealth is by investing in stocks

Passage Three

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:

There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of

the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses-all of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.\;

Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level-variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum-or the data many represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reducing to comprehensibly form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.\;

Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficiency to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.

51.What is the passage mainly concerned with?

A) Development and application of statistics.

B) Origin of descriptive statistics.

C) Limitations of inferential statistics.

D) Importance of statistics.

52.Describing and tabulating are associated with ____.

A) inferential statistics

B) descriptive statistics

C) theories of probability

D) inefficiency of counting

53.Which of the following statements is true about descriptive statistics?

A) It combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables.

B) It can be used to deal with only quantitative variables.

C) It helps to summarize properties of a group of data.

D) It helps to make predictions using a sample of observations.

54.The word "unwieldy" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

A) difficult to collect B) difficult to tackle

C) incomprehensive D) uncontrollable

55.A sample of a population is often examined for the following purposes except ____.

A) to make a more accurate prediction of trend

B) to improve efficiency and avoid unnecessary work

C) to save the trouble of approaching every members

D) to predict characteristics of the entire population

Translation

北京师范大学翻译硕士就业前景

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