高级英语 张汉熙课后答案第一册 (1)

高级英语张汉熙第一册

答案

lesson 1 课后练习答案及补充练习

习题全解

I．

1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．

2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．

3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．

4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.

5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.

II .

1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another

2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.

3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.

4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.

5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.

Ⅲ. See the translation of text.

IV.

1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord

2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight

3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway

4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware

5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour

6)v. +adv..pullover, buildup

V.

1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.

2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.

3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．

4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．

5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．

6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．

7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?

Ⅵ．

1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．

2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．

3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．

Ⅶ．

1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。

2)din指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound指人们感觉到的各种各样的声音，包括高亢的，轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的sounds。

3)quiet或silent指没有声音；而音被压低或吸收而已。muted则指有声音，只不过声

4)display指陈列(物品)，让人看得见；exhibition指展示(物品)，以引人注意、观看。

5)distinct指声音十分清晰，让人一听就知道与别的声音不一样；clear指某物丝毫也不混乱、含糊或模糊不清，因而也就易于理解或领悟。

6)huge指体积大，比large更具体。

7)varied不同于different，它强调的是充满变化，有多种形式或种类繁多。

8)exotic不仅指很奇怪，而且指外来的，本地没有的。strange 的“奇怪”内涵是：生疏、异样、不自然、费解等。

9)sunlit一词更为具体，指因为阳光照耀而明亮；bright则强调光的强度。

lO)massive不仅指大，而且指重，给人的印象深。

11)constantly强调稳定，始终如一；endlessly则强调没完没了，单一，乏味。

12)old意指旧的、老的或古老的；used不一定就是陈旧的，它的意思是因已用过而不再新了。

Ⅷ．

1)buyers 2)sharp，strong 3)dismal，gloomy，solemn 4)declaring，insisting 5)strike 6)abundance，plenty 7)rich and costly 8)goods 9)mixing

Ⅸ．

1)There is the cloth—market，with its profusion of rich colour．

2)There is the coppersmiths’marke t，where you can hear the sounds of tinkling，banging and clashing．

3)There is the carpet—market，where you can find varied textures and regional designs．

4)There is the spice—market，with its pungent and exoti’c smells．

5)There is the food—market，with everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner．

6) There is a sunlit courtyard, with flowers blooming and birds chirping.

X．

1)A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.

2)At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.

3)I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry.

4)The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs.

5)Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see.

6)They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached.

7)The teachers make a point of being strict with the students.

8)This little girl is very much attached to her father.

9)To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries.

10)As dusk fell, daylight faded away.

11)The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit.

12)Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner.

XI.

bazaar, veiled women, copper vessels, carpets, spice, mosque, camels, caravanserai, desert, etc.

XlI. Omitted.

XIII.

1)As I go deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and I come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, reduces the sound of footsteps, and I can hear no sound being echoed. The shop-keepers speak in slow, controlled tones, and the; customers talk in the same way.

The copper-smiths' market is easily traced by the noise coming from it．As I approach it，a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to strike my ear. The noise is so deafening that 1 have to leave as quickly as I can. I can hardly imagine how those copper—smiths and their apprentices can bear to live in all that noise．

《高级英语》第一册练习

Lesson 1

The Middle Eastern Bazaar

Ⅰ. Word explanation

1. conceivable

A. reasonable

B. imaginable

C. considerable

D. credible

2. din

A. muted noise

B. loud distinct noise

C. tinkling sound

D. continuous, confusing noise

3. penetrate

A. make a round about way into

B. force a way into

C. get into easily

D. dash into

4. deaden

A. to die

B. of, or related to death

C. to lessen

D. no longer alive

5. sepulchral

A. overwhelmed

B. pleasant

C. picturesque

D. grave-like

6. persecution

A. cruel treatment

B. bringing a case to the law court

C. violation of one's right

D. unfairness

7. preliminary

A. previous

B. prospective

C. would-be

D. preparatory

8. burnished

A. polish

B. smooth and shiny

C. having been burned

D. something made of copper

9. delicate

A. complicated

B. fine and fragile

C. beautiful and intricate

D. tiny and easily broken

10. girder

A. an I-shaped iron beam

B. closely organized association

C. ancient trade union

D. a tree trunk

11. particular

A. partly

B. generally

D. participant

12. extend

A. stretch out

B. intent

C. intend

D. trend

13. purchase

A. perch

B. chase

C. buy

D. pay

14. bargain

A. negotiate

B. barge

C. boat

D. gain

15. peculiarity

A. particular

B. characteristic

C. specific

D. species

16. customer

A. custom

B. tradition

C. convention

D. purchaser

17. deprive

A. depict

B. take away

C. rub

D. rob

18. distinct

A. distinguish

B. distance

D. distract

19. engrave

A. cut

B. tomb

C. gloom

D. grave

20. humble

A. hunch

B. hump

C. respect

D. lowly

Ⅱ. Replace each underlined part with one word learnt in the text, the first letter of which is given:

1. Stepping out of the dark room, I felt the strong bright light of the sun hurting my eyes. g______

2. Watching the ballet-dancer spinning on her toes, I felt everything turning around me. d_______

3. The sharp, biting smell of the food makes you sneeze time and again.P_____

4. The pressing of the linseed pulp to get out the oil is done by a vast machine operated by one man. e ___

5. The Chinese people will never be forced to yield to foreign economic blockade.o ______by

6. The busiest men have the most free time.l _____

7. A mother will give up her life for her children. s_____

8. She fastened a chain to the dog's collar.a____

9. The earth goes around the sun.r____

Ⅲ. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form. Each word or expression is to be used only once.

________________________________________

order of the day, at intervals, glimpse, tower, approach, beaten, makes a point of, credible, take a hand, deal in, fade away, attached to, deprive...of, live

________________________________________

1. We followed the well _____path through the forest.

2. Most foreign trading companies in West Africa _____rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.

3. The young couple ______disciplining their only son.

4. The troubles _______him his sleep

5. After the latest affair he hardly seems ______as a politician.

6. They gave ______broadcast while the performance was in process on the stage.

7. As dusk fell, daylight ______.

8. The huntsman caught only a ______of the deer before it ran into the woods.

9. He is so intelligent that he _____above all the others in his class.

10. Complaints about the new regulations have become the ______on the campus.

Ⅳ. Reading comprehension.

1. The sentence “The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years” means:

A. The bazaar was built hundreds or even thousands of years ago.

B. The market reminds you people and their life of the middle eastern countries centuries ago.

C. For hundreds or thousands of years, the middle eastern bazaar has not changed

D. The Middle eastern bazaar brings you back from hundreds or even thousands of years ago.

2. The striking characteristic of the middle eastern bazaar is:

A. its noise

B. its brightness

C. its ancientness

D. crowdedness

3.“Bargaining is the order of the day” means:

A. Every customer tries to beat down the price of the item he wants to buy.

B. Every customer knows that the seller cheats all the time.

C. An order was issued that everyone should bargain.

D. During daytime everyone bargains.

4. From the phrase “…the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar” we can infer know that:

A. the streets were vaulted so as to make the bazaar a maze.

B. the streets crisscrossed the bazaar, cutting the bazaar into lots of small sections.

C. the maze was full of bees

D. shops, stores and houses together made the bazaar into a big honeycomb.

5. From the sentence “in the background, a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…” we can well infer t hat

A. the bellows is larger than the charcoal fire.

B. the charcoal fire is larger than the apprentice

C. Both the charcoal fire and the leather bellows are bigger than the apprentice

D. The apprentice must be young and small in stature.

第一册第1课练习答案

1-1: /答案:B1-2: /答案1-3: /答案:B

1-4: /答案:C1-5: /答案:D1-6: /答案:A

1-7: /答案:D1-8: /答案:B1-9: /答案:B

1-10: /答案:A1-11: /答案:C1-12: /答案:A

1-13: /答案:C1-14: /答案:A1-15: /答案:B

1-16: /答案:D1-17: /答案:B1-18: /答案:C

1-19: /答案:A1-20: /答案:D

2-1: /答案:glare2-2: /答案: dizzy2-3: /答案:pungent2-4: /答案:extract

2-5: /答案verwhelmed2-6: /答案: leisure2-7: /答案:sacrifice

2-8: /答案:attached 2-9: /答案:revolves

3-1: /答案: beaten 3-2: /答案:deal in 3-3: /答案: makes a point of

3-4: /答案: deprived of 3-5: /答案:credible3-6: /答案: live

3-7: /答案: faded away3-8: /答案: glimpse3-9: /答案:towers

3-10: /答案:order of the day4-1: /答案:B4-2: /答案:C

4-3: /答案:A4-4: /答案:B4-5: /答案:D

Lesson 2 Hiroshima -- the "Liveliest”

习题全解

I .

1)The writer must be an American journalist or reporter.

2)The aim of the visit, I think, was to gather information about Hiroshima today.

3)A lot of sad thoughts were on his mind. There were other visitors from abroad who didn't share his views. The first paragraph shows this to us clearly. 4)He felt a sense of guilt.

5)The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was.

6)Hiroshima was different from other Japanese cities in that it was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.

7)Since then, it has been rebuilt with hard work and with the help of education, science and

technology.

8)One is an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs. Another is that the impact of the 1945 bomb attack is still felt or seen till now.

9)Because he thought it was unnecessary to do so since the answers were obvious after his talk with the patients.

10)The answer was the Hiroshima was not the liveliest city in Japan.

Ⅱ.

1)They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.

2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.

3)The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.

4)1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．

6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．

7)1 was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．

8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．

Ⅲ．See the translation of the text．

Ⅳ．

1)n．+present participle：epoch—making，face—keeping，time consuming，nerve—wracking

2)n．+past participle：home—made，bedridden，sun—burnt，heartfelt

3)n．+adj．：pitch—dark，headstrong，duty—free，coal—black

4)n．+n．+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall—eyed，brick—walled

5)adj．+n．+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull—witted，warm—blooded，empty—headed，cold—blooded

6)adj．+present participle：high—sounding，hard—working, plain-sailing，far—reaching

7)adj．+past participle：high—flown，new-born，finespun, high—strung

Ⅴ．

1)was指事实如此；而must be意为“很可能”。

2)“Was I at the scene…?”表示不能断定是不是在那里，而“Was I not at the scene…?”表示肯定是在那里，有“难倒……不是”的意思。

3)elderly意为“上了年纪的”，但不算太老。

4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。mile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。

5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。

6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。

7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(a building site)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot所指地点较小。

8)demolish意义比较实在，指彻底拆除，而destroy仅指破坏。

9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。

lO)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。

Ⅵ．

1)job，task，duty 2)unaware 3)fronts，by the front doors 4)striking/fascinating/strange / sight；continual，endless，constant 5)sudden，sharp feeling；idea，thought，expectation 6)killed，murdered 7)pain，torture 8)fame 9)daydream，thoughts 1O)atomic disaster 11)tear down，pull down 12)meet with，face

Ⅶ．

1)他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。

2)战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。

3)他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。

4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。

5)——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。——我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation。

6)又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。

7)人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。

8)铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。

9)手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。

10)将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。

Ⅶ．

1)soil 2)soil3)earth 4)earth 5)familiar to 6)familiar with 7)puzzled 8)surprising 9)admits 10)had confessed 11)careful 12)cautiously

Ⅸ．

1)There is not a soul in the hall．The meeting must have been put off．

2)The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box. )

3)Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.

4)The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.

5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.

6)What he did had nothing to do with her.

7)She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.

8)I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.

9)He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects.

10)It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.

11)The soil smells of fresh grass.

12)Could you spare me a few minutes?

13)Could you spare me a ticket?

14)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.

X. Omitted.

XI.

My Visit to the European Town One autumn, my friends and I went to Wuxi on vacation. We decided to visit the European Town first. It is a park located on the side of Tai Lake. Many European scenic spots are built smaller there and a lot of tourists go there for sightseeing everyday. Because they may never have the chance to see the real ones, they pay to see these imitations.

We arrived at the town late in the morning. It began to drizzle as we stepped inside. But the rain didn't decrease our plea-sure because it was more romantic than in the sunlight. I was deeply impressed by the scenery there. The number of European 31style buildings was beyond my imagination. We saw Triumphal Arch and Eiffel Tower of Paris, the Windmills of Holland and

many others. Here and there, people were taking pictures. In an excited mood, we strolled to each building. We also took a lot of photos there. I liked the one taken in front of Triumphal Arch most. It was so real that you might think I had been to Paris.

We spent the rest of the day there. It was really an unforgetable experience for me.

《高级英语》第一册练习

Lesson 2

Hiroshima---the “Liveliest City in Japan”

Ⅰ. Word explanation

1. elderly

A. olderly

B. mid-age

C. approaching mid-age

D. past mid-age

2.facade

A. the wall of a building

B. the front of a building

C. in front of a building

D.the wall in front of a building

3. ignorance

A. disregard

B. pretend not to see

C. lack of knowledge

D. neglect

4. demolish

A. decrease

B. . erect

C. tear down

D. set aside

5. inhibit

A. live

B. dwell

C. suppress

D. unlock

6. barge

A. a kind of cloth

B. a kind of clothing

C. a colour

D. a boat

7. scar

A. a wound

B. a hidden wound

C. a mark on the skin

D. a mark of damage

8. commit

A. to do

B. to commission

C. to trust

D. to place an order

9. preserve

A. to keep from danger

B. . to serve in advance

C. . to save

D. . to reserve

10. consist of

A. be composed of

B. be composed of

C. contain

D. include

11. lump

A. lamp

B. mass

C. limp

D. lung

12. gratitude

A. appreciation

B. thankfulness

C.gratefulness

D.all the above

13. halt

A. stop

B. prevent

C. salute

D. alter

14. destination

A. destiny

B. desperate

C. goal

D. doom

15. sketch

A. stretch

B. skeptic

C. scratch

D. draw

Ⅱ. Replace each underlined part with one word learnt in the text, the first letter of which is given:

1. The teacher answered with a brief nod of agreement.a

2. The book was so interesting that I was practically unconscious of my surroundings. o

3. The thought of his past experience of stealing brings him a sudden sharp pain of conscience.t

4. I see little hope of his recovery.p

5. His greatest concern washow to find money for a holiday in Europe.p by

6. She shouldn't have come to the hotel suite. She shouldn't have delayed leaving --- this was fatal --- after others had left.l

7. If I had been less careful I might have been more wise.c

8. They faced one another in the boxing ring.e

9. The town will build a monument to its war heroes.e

10. She was deeply disturbed until she learned that her husband was among the survivors.a

Ⅲ. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the following words or expressions in its proper form. Each word or expression is to be used only once.

________________________________________

to have a lump in one's throat, spare, spectacle, on the part of, rub shoulders with, humiliate, shiver, sink in, in response, fold

________________________________________

1. Obviously my warning failed to , and he got into trouble as a consequence.

2. The children at play among the flowers made quite a fine

3. There is no objection the land owner.

4. Twice I put the request to him, but he said nothing

5. All during her mother's funeral, Alice

6. You should disdain such a person as that

7. a piece of paper round the flowers so that they'll be easier to carry.

8. . China will never forget the treaties forced upon her by foreign invaders.

9. The victorious enemy neither young nor old

10. Judging from the of the children it must be cold outside

Ⅴ. Reading comprehension.

1. The sentence “little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress” shows that __.

A. western influence and national tradition co-existed in Japan

B. There were lots of female walking in the streets.

C. . Little girls and elderly women wore kimonos but teenagers and women wore western dress

D. Women in Japan wore different clothes

2. The sentence “the usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh” shows that __.

A. the usher was pleasant and loved music

B. the usher was bored but still very polite

C. the was boring but still kept his politeness

D. the usher was boring but still wanted to keep himself in pleasant mood

3.The author’s description of the mayor “he was a tall, thin man, sad-eyed and serious” shows that __.

A. the meeting with the author who was an American reminded the mayor of the atomic crime

B. the mayor must be in sad mood that night.

C. the author’s own mentality distorted the image of the mayor

D. the mayor did not want to talk with the author

4. The sentence “there are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters” means __.

A. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on the A-bomb attack

B. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on World War II

C. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on how to treat the remnants of the A-bomb attack.

D. people in Hiroshima hold different opinions on how to preserve their memory of the A-bomb attack

5. The sentence “the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor” means __.

A. any healthy visitor would feel uneasy when he saw the medical instruments

B. Any healthy visitor would start trembling when he saw the medical instruments

C. the medical instruments were burnished and cold

D. as soon as he saw the cold medical instruments, the visitor began shivering

6. The expression “earthly cares” in this text can be best understood as __.

A. daily worries such as food, clothing and etc

B. global considerations such as environment and etc

C. social conflicts such as terrorism, disarmament and etc.

D. everyday business such as economy and finance and etc.

第一册第2课练习答案

1-1: /答案:D1-2: /答案:B1-3: /答案:C

1-4: /答案:C1-5: /答案:C1-6: /答案:D1-7: /答案:D

1-8: /答案:A1-9: /答案:A1-10: /答案:A1-11: /答案:B

1-12: /答案:D1-13: /答案:A1-14: /答案:C1-15: /答案:D

2-1: /答案:assent2-2: /答案: oblivious 2-3: /答案:twinge

2-4: /答案:prospect 2-5: /答案:preoccupation2-6: /答案: lingered

2-7: /答案: cautious 2-8: /答案:encountered2-9: /答案:erect

3-0: /答案: agitated 3-1: /答案: sink in 3-2: /答案: spectacle

3-3: /答案: on the part of 3-4: /答案: in response

3-5: /答案: had a lump in her throat

3-6: /答案: to rub shoulders with3-7: /答案: Fold 3-8: /答案:humiliating

3-9: /答案:spared 3-10: /答案: shivering4-1: /答案:A

4-2: /答案:B4-3: /答案:C4-4: /答案:D

4-5: /答案:A4-6: /答案:A

Lesson 3 Ships in the Desert

课后练习答案及补充练习

习题全解

I.

1)The writer went to the Aral Sea to search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis. What he saw there was hot dry sand.

2)It was the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier.

3)Scientists were monitoring the air several times a day to chart the course of the climate change.

4)Because the polar cap plays a crucial role in the world's weather system, the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.

5)There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America. The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.

6)The writer calls noctilucent clouds"ghosts in the sky". As a result of pollution, the clouds occasionally appear when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness. And they appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere.

7)Because we are not yet awakened to take effective measures to deal with the climate change.

8)Carbon dioxide's ability to trap heat in the atmosphere causes global warming. Because global warming seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pat- tern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean cur- rents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.

9)The two key factors are human population and the scientific and technological development. The dramatic changes that have occurred in these two factors are a sudden and startling surge in human population and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution.

10)The writer's solution to our ecological problems is to reinvent and finally heal the relationship between human beings and the earth by carrying out a careful reassessment of all the {actors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship.

Ⅱ.

1)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.

2)Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago.

3)keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again

4)Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be used in ham- burgers.

5)Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.

6)Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical Value.

7) We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.

8) Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds.

9)To put forword the question in a different way

10)and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societies

ll)We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate.

12)And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed.

Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.

IV.

1)transportation, imitation, destruction 2)encirclement, enrichment, enlightenment

3)postage, coinage, advantage 4)sharpness, boldness, smoothness

5)admission, concession, depression 6)productivity, sensitivity, desirability

7)posture, departure, indenture8)independence, prudence, impudence

9)flagrancy, consistency, potency 10)analysis, metabasis, metamorphosis

ll)dictatorship, ownership, partnership 12)depth, length, birth

V.

1)technology 技术2)ecology 生态学

3)hydrology 水文学4)phrenology 颅像学

5)neurology 神经病学6)pathology 病理学

7)physiology生理学8)pharmacology药理学

9)gynaecology妇科学lO)oceanology海洋学

11)lexicology词汇学12)archaeology考古学

13)anthropology人类学14)criminology犯罪学

Ⅵ．

1)anarchist无政府主义者2)naturalist自然主义者

3)biologist生物学家4)psychologist心理学家5)satirist讽刺作家

6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者7)geologist地质学家

8)sociologist社会学家9)zoologist动物学家lO)impressionist印象派艺术家

l1)environmentalist环境保护论者12)terrorist恐怖主义分子

Ⅶ．

1)submarine潜水艇2)submerge淹没，潜入水中3)subantartic亚南极的

4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的5)subhead小标题6)subaquatic半水栖的

7)subdivide把……再分8)suboxide低氧化物9)subclass亚纲lO) subclimax亚顶极群落

l1)subcommittee小组委员会12)subconscious下意识的

13)subcontinent次大陆14)subcontract转包合同15)subculture亚文化群

16)subspecies亚种17)subsoil 底土18)sublethal ( 毒药的量等) 尚不致命的

Ⅷ.

inland sea, desert, core sample, glacier, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, polar ice cap, global warming, Amazon rain forest, species of birds, ecological balance, noctilucent cloud, methane gas, natural gas, landfills, coal mines, rice paddies, termites, biomass, upper atmosphere, elephants, greenhouse gases, water vapor, growing mountains of waste, acid rain, chlorine, human activities, heat-absorbing molecules, global climate equilibrium, winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, sea level, vegetative and animal life, etc.

IX.

1)basic examples 2)unalterable 3)meeting 4)characterized strike against each other 5)set up 6)see, attack 7)at the same time 8)balance 9)increasing, existence 10)task ll)out-of-date

X.

1)consequences 2)results 3)results 4)outcome 5)results, 6)outcome 7)causes 8)causes 9)reason 10)reason ll)relations 12)relationship 13) relations 14)relationship 15)complex 16)complex 17)complicated 18)complex 19)simple 20)simplistic

XI.

1)with 2)of 3)on 4)of 5)in 6)in 7)against 8)than 9)of lO)as ll)as 12)with 13)of 14)of 15)for 16)of

XII.

relationship, environment, garbage, what, endless, allow, that, dumping, dispose, drown, having, old, mind, running, waste, it, sight 11 recent, debates, disposal, ocean, elsewhere, confront, capacity, of, quantities, only, change, reduce, we, used, interdependent, chosen, unless, dramatically, thinking, humankind, inherit

XIII. Omitted.

XIV.

We Must Protect Our Ecological System

With the development of human civilization, man has created countless wonders, but at what a price! Our ecological sys-tem, on which all animals' existence depends, has been seriously

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