英汉被动语态的对比分析

英汉被动语态的对比分析

摘要：英汉语分别属于两种不同的语系。英汉被动语态之间既存在着差别,又有相似之处。本文主要对英汉被动语态的同异进行对比分析，帮助学习者抓住英汉被动语态句句型结构特点和语用差异，准确、灵活地运用英汉被动语态句子，提高正确使用英语被动

句的能力。

关键词：被动语态；受事者；施事者；语义对比

中图分类号：h31文献标识码：a文章编号：1009-0118（2012）11-0379-02

一、英语被动语态与汉语被动语态的同异

（一）不带“by短语”的英语被动语态和汉语“主语+被+谓语”构成的被动语态

在英语被动句中，by短语表示句子的施动者,by这个介词是不能单独使用的，它与其后的介词宾语构成一个整体，因而一同省略。这类被动句在英语中的量是很大的。汉语这类被动句“被”字后省略了施动者，“被”字原是动词，可以单独存在。有时句中的“被”也可以用“叫,让，给”等替换,不过这些词后面一般都带有施动者。如：我的自行车叫小王借走了。这本英语词典不能让人带出阅览室。英语这类被动句省去了by短语，句子的被动意义是借谓语动词的形态变化(be+过去分词)来表示的。汉语动词无形态变化。“被”字作为句子的被动意义标记保留在句中。英语不带by短语的被动句,

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