初中被动语态语法归纳

初中英语被动语态

．语态概述

1. 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

3. 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，只有及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如：He opened the doo他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）

The door was openec这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）

4. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are+ spoken

一般过去

时：

was／were+ spoken 一般将来

时：

will／shall be+ spoken

现在进行时：

am／is／are being+ spoken

过去进行

时：was/were being+ spoken

现在完成时：have／has been+ spoken

过去完成

时：

had been + spoken

含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态动词+ be+过去分词"构成原来

带to 的情态动词变成被动语态后"to" 仍要保留

We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once

三.被动语态的用法

1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

The bridge was built last yea这座桥是去年建造的。

He was elected chairman他被选为主席。

2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。

The room hasn't been cleaned ye房.间还没有打扫。

The tiger was killed by him 老虎被他杀死了。

3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：

The window was blown by wind窗户被风吹开了。

The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。

4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。

It is said that Lucy has gone abroad据说露茜已经出国了。

It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a sp大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的"It is +过去分词+ that"句型还有

It is reported that 据报?道

It is said that 据说?

It is believed that 大家相信

It is suggested that 有人建议

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1. （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him（. 主动）

He was laughed at by all people（. 被动）

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.（主动） A tree was cut down by him.（被动）

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：

1）、动词的主动形式表示被动之意

以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smel等。

下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take，have

An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。

The flower smells sweets 花闻起来很香。

The watch looks good这表看起来很好。

This book sells wel 这本书畅销。

2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾

语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的

主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：

a. He gave the boy an apple. —The boy was given an apple （或An apple was

given to the boy）

b. Her father bought her a present．—She was bought a present by her father.（或A present was bought for her by her father）

3）不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要

加to。如：

They watched the children sing that morning. —The children were watched to sing that morning．

4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：

We call him Xiao Wang. —He is called Xiao Wang.

He cut his hair short. —His hair was cut short.

They told him to help me. —He was told to help me.

5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：

We must take good care of the young trees.—The young trees must be taken good care o.f

6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it 作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动

词有know, say, believe find, think, report 等。如：

People believe that he is ill—It is believed that he is ill （或：He is believed to be ill．）

3 ．被动语态改为主动语态的方法：

a. 被动语态中介词by 后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语

b. 按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语, 此时要把被动语态中的to 去掉。

c. 被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如：

History is made by the people The people make history．

初中英语被动语态用法小结[1]一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.英语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通

过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is/are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will ／shall be＋spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken

现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken

过去完成时：had been + spoken

、被动语态的用法

1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥竣工于1981 年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time. 你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称

和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be 的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.

A tree was cut down by him.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词+ be+过去分词"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“ t（仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

It should be done at once.

六、特殊情况

1. He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2. Mother never lets me watch TV .

初中被动语态语法讲解知识讲解

初中被动语态语法讲 解

初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下： 一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时： (1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. (2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： (1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended.

初中英语语法：被动语态

初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。

被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .

初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编及答案

一、选择题 1．Both Lily and Lucy ______________to the party yesterday, but they didn't come at all. A．agreed B．sent C．were called D．were invented 2．His plays by millions of people. A．read B．will read C．are read D．is read 3．It's said that petrol(石油) _____________ in less than 100 years. So we should try to walk more instead of driving cars. A．used for B．will be used up C．used up D．will be used for 4．Han Han’s books are popular. They ___________ by many teenagers now . A．is read B．was read C．are read D．were read 5．Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information ________ in a short time. A．can learn B．need learn C．can be learned D．need be learned 6．—Where did you go last night? —I to go to Li Lei’s birthday party. A．asked B．am asked C．have been asked D．was asked 7．This book_______by a lot of young people today. A．reads B．are reading C．is read 8．—The park is the oldest one in our city. —Yes. it _______ when I was sixteen years old. A．is built B．was built C．build D．built 9．-Hey, Molly, You______ o n the phone just now. But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number. -Oh? I was in the library. A．wanted B．are wanted C．were wanted D．have wanted 10．May to the party. She enjoyed herself with us. A．invites B．is invited C．was invited D．has invited 11．We hope that more trees________in our city next year. A．plant B．were planted C．planted D．will be planted 12．— What tools ________ to make paper cutting? — Scissors and paper. A．are used B．used C．will use 13．--- Mom, where is my model plane? --- Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday. A．is lent B．lends C．was lent D．lent 14．The flowers ________ every day, or they will die. A．must water B．can be watered C．should water D．must be watered

最全初中英语语法之被动语态

初中英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。 如： He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四．被动语态的基本用法 1.需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away. 阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，应使用被动语态。 He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War. 他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。 The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 3.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。 It is hoped that they will be successful.

初中英语语法归纳：被动语态

初中英语语法归纳复习：被动语态 重难点：掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能根据不同情景，灵活运用被动语态。【知识总结归纳】 一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态 主语谓语宾语状语 That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态 主语谓语宾语状语 三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

四. 如何正确使用被动语态 1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） ? ?? .him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We （被动语态） ▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass 等。 2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。 eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）

443 4421复合宾语 宾语补足语宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） ▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。 3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。” 比较：（1）? ? ?)()(.Fengping by closed is door The .closed is door The 被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的系表结构门是关着的。 （2）?? ?)()(.Mary by broken was glass The .broken is glass The 被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏 系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 eg. ?? ?) () (.China in place taken been have changes Great .China in place taken have changes Great 错误正确 ???)()(.sea deep the in d disappeare was dolphin The .sea deep the in d disappeare dolphin The 错误正确 【总结】 一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be ＋过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here ． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

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3. 被动语态的各种句式 eg: Have you heard about that car accident near the school? --- Yes, luckily no one was hurt. 你听说学校附近的那场车祸了吗? --- 是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。 eg: A road has been built by the government. 一条道路已经被政府修建了。 eg: I am not invited to go to the party by my friend. 我没有被朋友邀请去参加聚会。 eg: My bike isn’t being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在没有被汤姆修理。 eg: Are they used for posting letters? 它们被用来邮递信件吗? eg: Are trees being planted over there by them? 那边的树正在被他们种植吗? eg: When was the basketball team set up? 这支篮球队是什么时候成立的? eg: How many man-made satellites have been sent into space? 已经有多少颗人造卫星被发射升空? 4. 情态动词的被动语态的句式

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带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once 三.被动语态的用法 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。 2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有 It is reported that…据报道 It is said that…据说 It is believed that…大家相信 It is suggested that…有人建议

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1.大凡现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn“t allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2.大凡过去时： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn“t forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3.大凡将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4.过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5.现在进行时： (1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

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(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by+动作执行者短语。Football is played widely all over the world。 全世界都广泛地踢足球。 (2)强调动作的承受者。 The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon。 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。 (3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型。 It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA。 据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。 3.主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤 (1)把原句中的宾语变为主语 (2)动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词 (3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面；如果没必 要，可省略。