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形容词和副词讲解

形容词和副词讲解
形容词和副词讲解

形容词和副词

(一)形容词

1、形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。

(错)He is an ill man.

(对)The man is ill.

(错)She is an afraid girl.

(对)The girl is afraid.

这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,(形容词修饰不定代词要后置)例如:

something nice somewhere warm

2. 以-ly结尾的形容词

1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错)She sang lovely.

(错)He spoke to me very friendly.

(对)Her singing was lovely.

(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

3 用形容词表示类别和整体

1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry

The poor are losing hope.

2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table

a tall gray building

a dirty old brown shirt

a famous German medical school

an expensive Japanese sports car

典型例题:

1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A.little two other

B. two little other

C.two other little

D.little other two

答案:C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone

B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese

D. Chinese stone old

答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny

B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few

D. few sunny last

答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:

限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square

新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词

old + brown + wood + table

5下列几类形容词也没有比较等级:

(1)表示“终极”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如:absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong等。

(2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如:back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。

(3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如:atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden等。

(4)本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词。如:maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique等。

6形容词作定语时的后置

a.前面我们讲到形容词作定语时,位置要放在所修饰的名词前面,但当它带有表示量度的词或词组时,定语后置。

They have built a bridge a hundred meters long.

他们建成了一座一百米长的桥。

Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.

去年,我们盖了一栋十三层的高楼。

b.带有表示量度的词或词组,作表语时,也后置。

The bridge is a hundred meters long.

这座桥长达一百米。

The building is thirteen storeys high.

这个大楼有十三层高。

They have built a two-hundred-meter-long bridge.

他们已经修建了一座长二百米的桥。

注意

量度词组变成合成语时,作定语用,放在名词前。

Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.

去年我们建了一座高十三层的大楼。

c.另外,一些形容词或形容词词组常用来放在句首、句中或句尾,作状语。

He returned home, tired and hungry.

他又累又饿地回到了家。

Cold and hungry, he walked in the street.

又冷又饿,他走在街道上。

(二)副词及其基本用法

1、副词的种类、用法和位置

副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。.副词的种类

(1)时间副词

①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,just now,recently,so far

②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never

③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,at first,at last,finally

(2)地点副词

①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,

nowhere,somewhere.

②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):

above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,

away,near,off,past

(3)方式副词表示谓语动词"怎样地",(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):

badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,

politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,

wrongly,suddenly.

(4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a

bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly (5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句:how,when, where,why

(6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why

(7)关系副词引导定语从句:when,where,why

(8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:

frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。

2.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末

注意

地点副词作定语时要后置,不属于这种情况。有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语,放在所修饰词的后边。

The students here are all from China.

I'll wait for you here.(地点副词)

我将在这儿等你。

I'll meet him at the station tomorrow.(时间副词)

明天我将去车站接他。

Tomorrow I'll meet him at the station.

注意

有时为了强调时间,也可把时间副词放在句首。

The boy wrote the homework quickly.

(方式副词)

这个男孩子写作业很快。

They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday.方式地点时间

昨天他们在实验室认真地做实验。

The students all worked well here last week

这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。

3.频度副词在句中位置有以下两种

a.在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。

She is always kind to us(be动词)

她对我们总是很好。

I can never forget the day.(情态动词)

我永远也不能忘掉这一天。

The work has never been done.

助动词助动词

(频度副词never放在第一个助动词has的后面)

这件工作永远也做不完。

b.在实义动词之前

He often goes to school early.(实义动词)

他常常早到校。

4.程度副词有下列二种情况

a.修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频度副词的情况相似。

He is almost forty years old.(在be动词之后)

他快四十岁了。

注意

如果句末同时有几个副词,它的基本顺序是:方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。He can hardly understand you.

(在情态动词之后)

他几乎听不懂你的活。

I like the boy.(在实义动词之前)

我相当喜欢这个男孩子。

b.修饰形容词、副词时,放在它所修饰的词的前面。

He studies much harder now.

现在他学习努力多了。

The room is big enough to hold fifty persons.

(enough修饰形容词)

这个房间够大的可以容纳50人。

He runs fast enough.(enough修饰副词)

他跑得够快的。

注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。

改错:(错)I very like English.

(对)I like English very much.

注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

I don't know him well enough.

There is enough food for everyone to eat.

There is food enough for everyone to eat.

5 兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近";closely 意思是"仔细地"

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2)late 与lately

late意思是"晚";lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately?

3)deep与deeply

deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4)high与highly

high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5)wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6)free与freely

free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

6 某些副词在用法上的区别

(1) already, yet, still

already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:We've already watched that film.

I haven't finished my homework yet.

He still works until late every night.

(2) too, as well, also, either

too, as well和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too.

He didn't go there either.

I like you as well.

I also went there.

7 形容词与副词的比较级

规则变化

变化规则 example

1.一般在词尾直接加-er或-est tall-taller-tallest, long-longer-longest

2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的单词在词尾直接加-r 或- st nice-nicer-nicest, large-larger-largest

3.以辅音字母+ 结尾的词,把y变为i ,再加er 或est heavy-heavier-heaviest

happy-happier-happiest

4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er 或est Big-bigger-biggest fat-fatter-fattest

5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more 构成比较级和most 构成最高

级 slowly-more slowly-most slowly

beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

⑵不规则变化

其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:

Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

We must work harder.

8. as + 形容词或副词原级+ as

1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

2)当as…as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。

as +形容词+ a +单数名词

as + many/much +名词

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can..

3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ than + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.

Your room is twice the size of mine.

9. 比较级形容词或副词+ than

You are taller than I.

They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.

注意:

1)要避免重复使用比较级。

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is clever than his brother.

2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。

比较:Which is large, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.

10、可修饰比较级的词

1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等

2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

典型例题:

1)---- Are you feeling ____?

---- Yes,I'm fine now.

A. any well

B. any better

C. quite good

D. quite better

答案:B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.

2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.more

B.much more

C.much

D.more much

答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。

3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time

B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time

D. a much happier time

答案:D。

11、many,old 和far

1) 如果后接名词时,much more +不可数名词

many more +可数名词复数

2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

My elder brother is an engineer.

Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

3) far 有两种比较级,farther,further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。

在美语中,father 表示距离,further表示进一步。

I have nothing further to say.

12. the + 最高级+ 比较范围

1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。

形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost

This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

注意:

a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。

This is the very best.

This is much the best.

b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

3) 句型转换:

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.

4) "否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so…as"结构表示最高级含义。

Nothing is so easy as this.

=Nothing is easier than this.

=This is the easiest thing.

13. 和more有关的词组

1) the more…the more…越……就越……

The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.

2) more B than A与其说A不如说B

less A than B

He is more lazy than slow at his work.

= He is less slow than lazy at his work.

3) no more…than…与……一样……,不比……多

The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

no less…than…与……一样……

He is no less diligent than you.

4) more than不只是,非常

She is more than kind to us all.

典型例题

1)The weather in China is different from____.

A. in America

B. one in America

C. America

D. that in America

答案:D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D。

2)After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many

B. as many twice

C. twice as many

D. twice many as

答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案为C。

This ruler is three times as long as that one.

重点提示:

常见比较级五句型

1> Who / Which + be +比较级, A or B ?

Who is taller, Tom or John?

Which is more expensive, a bicycle or a computer?

2> ~ + be + the 比较级+ of the two. (两个之中比较…的那一个,~包含在两个之中)

Tom is the taller of the two. = Tom is taller than the other boy.

3> much / a lot / even / far + 比较级

A compute is much more expensive than a bicycle. 计算机比自行车贵多了。

4> "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...", 表示" 越... 就越..."。

The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。

5> " 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级", 表示" 越来越... "。

The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。

/

3) 最高级不一定就是第一

1> Who / Which + be +最高级, A, B, or C ?

Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack, or David? Tom, Jack与David三个人中谁最高?

Which is the most expensive, a bicycle, a motorcycle, or a car? 自行车,摩托车和汽车,哪一个最贵?

2> ~ + be + one of the +最高级+复数名词, 表示"最……的……之一"。

The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河流之一。

3> "…+ be +the + 序数词+最高级+单数名词+ 范围", 表示"……是…….的第几……"。

She is the second tallest student in our class. 她是我们班第二高的学生。

4> ~ + be + the 最高级~ that 某人have/ has ever + 过去分词.

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.这是我看过的最有趣的书。

没有比较级的形容词和副词

1)有些程度副词,如:quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively, fairly等与形容词连用具有"比较"含义。故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级。例如:

It is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory.

This book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy for the seniors.

2)下列几类形容词也没有比较等级:

(1)表示"终极"意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如:absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong等。

(2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如:back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。

(3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如:atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden等。

(4)本身具有"最"或"唯一"概念的形容词。如:maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique等。

真题再现

1. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)

-I think it's autumn.

A.good

B.better

C.best

D.the best

解析:正确答案为D。该题的核心词为season。根据比较级与最高级的知识,两者之间用比较级,而三者或三者以上用最高级,北京有四季,因此本题应选择最高级。又因为形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,因此答案为D。

2. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)

-- Of course, the moon is.

A.small

B.smaller

C.smallest

D.the smallest

解析:正确答案为D。该题的核心词在第一句句尾,"the sun, the moon or the earth",提问的对象为三者,应该选择最高级。

3. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)

A. clean

B. cleaner

C. cleanest

D. the cleanest

解析:正确答案为B。该题的核心词为than,than一词是比较级的标志。

4. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)

A. cheap

B. cheaper

C. cheapest

D. the cheapest

解析:正确答案为B。该题与第三题相似,核心词为than。

高中英语形容词和副词精讲

语法复习专题四——形容词和副词 备考建议: 1.从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点: (1)形容词的比较级和最高级; (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。 另外,考查形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少。 2.对于比较级的考查,淡化结构,注重深层语义。“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的,而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的。 3.在加强考查词义辨析的题目中,高考不但加强了对语义的考查(而不仅仅是语法),随着新教材词汇量的增大,而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。 要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力: 1.对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成,要加强记忆、找出其中规律;灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。 2.对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识,多数形容词在加-ly后,词义基本不变,而有些则不同,如:hard—hardly. 3.加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用,尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义,比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序,形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析,要不断地提高分析试题的能力,克服思维定势,灵活运用所学的知识。 (1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习,尤其是一些常见的句型,要做到张口能诵的程度。在理解上,不能留任何疑点。 (2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习,要做到“词不离句,句不离义”。做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。 (3)判断句子成分,如果是作定语、表语等,一般是用形容词;如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词,一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况,如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。 (4)分清句子结构,看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。 (5)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。 考点聚焦 1、形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记; (1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。如:a language difficult to master (2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。 (3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you.

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形容词和副词专题

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高中形容词与副词讲解与练习

【专题三】形容词和副词 【考点分析】 1.形容词、副词的作用与位置; ①多个形容词作定语排列的顺序 ②enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语 ③形容词作伴随状语和原因状语 2.表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语; 3.形容词、副词比较等级的用法; ①原级的用法 ②比较级的用法 ③最高级的用法 ④形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况 ⑤由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语 ⑥more /less than及其相关结构 4.容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。 【知识点归纳】 形容词和副词是历年英语高考的重点。要复习好这一块知识点,考生不仅要掌握其基础知识,同时要牢记其中的重点和难点,也是高考的热点。 I.形容词、副词的作用与位置 1.形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容 词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种情况,须牢记: ①几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为: 限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词+ size(大小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+名词; a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man’s first tow interesting litt le red French oil paitings 熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。 ②形容词短语作定语,定语后置; a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high This is a student worth of praise. They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern. ③表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置; a man alive:活着的人 有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”; ④形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置; I have something important to tell you. ⑤enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形容词、 副词时,必须后置; ⑥else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语; ⑦几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间;

形容词和副词讲解和练习

形容词和副词 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 一、形容词 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。 形容词的作用,见下表: 注意:有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如: Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。例如: You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或人称代词2)数词3)性质4)大小5)形状 6)表示老少,新旧7)颜色8)事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如: His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化:有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词,表示一类人,谓语常用复数。这类词有:rich / poor;

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英语形容词和副词专题

形容词和副词 考纲解读 内容解读 1.了解形容词、副词的基本功能及在句子中的位置; 2.掌握形容词、副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置;同根副词的辨析;enough, convenient等的用法。 能力解读 1.具备在特定语境中选择恰当的形容词、副词的能力; 2.掌握英语中形容词、副词的语法特点及它们之间的语义差异。 五年高考 07年高考题组 ( )1. (07湖南, 26) It’s hard for him playing against me. I’ve got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so . A. far B. well C. little D. badly ( )2. (07湖南, 35) There is an old proverb, ―Love me, love my dog.‖But there is wisdom in this: ―Love me, love my book.‖ A. some B. much C. more D. most ( )3. (07全国II, 9) After two years’ research, we now have a better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite ( )4. (07全国II, 10) Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his one. A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known ( )5. (07北京, 30) The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here . A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest ( )6. (07天津, 9) A new bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common ( )7. (07天津, 14) The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly ( )8. (07上海, 27) Alan is a careful driver, but he drives of my friends. A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully ( )9. (007上海, 42) Since Tom downloaded a virus into his computer, he cannot open the file now. A. readily B. horribly C. accidentally D. irregularly ( )10. (07上海, 44) John was dismissed last week because of his attitude towards his job.

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单辅形容词和副词讲解与练习

形容词和副词 【考点直击】 1. 形容词的用法; 2. 副词的用法; 3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法; 4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。 1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。例如: Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语) The fish went bad. (作表语) We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语) (2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放 在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用and 或or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的 名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the+形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 2. 副词的用法 (1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. (作状语) Life here is full of joy. (作定语) When will you be back? (作表语) 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类: 1)时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如: He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He is never been to Beijing. 2)地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如: I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here.

英语中形容词和副词的用法详解

形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 以-ly结尾的形容词 用形容词表示类别和整体 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 副词及其基本用法 兼有两种形式的副词 形容词与副词的比较级 as+形容词或副词原级+as 比较级形容词或副词+than 可修饰比较级的词 many,old和far the+最高级+比较范围 和more有关的词组 4. 形容词和副词 4.1 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice 4.1 形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a 开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice 4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 改错:(错)She sang lovely. (错)He spoke to me very friendly. (对)Her singing was lovely. (对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 4.2 以-ly结尾的形容词

专题讲解形容词副词高考

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-形容词副词 形容词和副词 一、考点聚焦 1、形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记; (1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。 a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high (2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”。 (3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something 等时,通常后置。如: I have something important to tell you. (4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。 (6)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间。如: We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. (7)频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后,行为动词前。 (8)副词作定语,定语后置。如: The person there is waiting for you. (9)几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词+ size(大小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名词。如: a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man's first tow interesting little red French oil paitings (10)以-ly结尾的词性辨析。 ①下列单词以-ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。 ②表愿意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词: deep深wide宽广high高low位置低 deeply深入地widely广泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微 ③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词: dead完全,绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty certain that… prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed close近Don't sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I haven't seen him lately(recently).

高考英语形容词和副词讲解

一、形容词、副词的基本用法 (一) 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 如果两个及两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如:a small wonderful gift 。 常用的顺序为:限定词(these ,those ,……)+数量形容词(three )+描绘性形容词(beautiful )+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large ,long ,high )+新旧(old )+颜色(red )+国籍(Chinese )+材料(wood )+用途(writing )+被修饰的名词(desk ) 为了方便记忆,不妨试试如下口诀: 限定描述大长高,形状年龄与新老; 颜色国籍出材料,用途类别往后靠。 英语中有些形容词既可以做前置定语,也可以作后置定语,但意义不同,常见的有:present (现在的/在场的),responsible (可依赖的/应负责的),concerned (忧心忡忡的/有关的),proper (适当的/正经的,正式的),involved (复杂难懂的/相关的),absent (心不在焉的/缺席的)。如: the responsible man the man responsible ?? ? 可依赖的人 应负责的人 the present members the members present ?? ?现在的成员 在场的成员 the absent students the students absent ?? ? 心不在焉的学生 缺席的学生 the concerned teachers the teachers concerned ?? ?忧心忡忡的老师们 (与……事情)相关的老师们 (二) 表语形容词 表语形容词(如:afraid ,alone ,awake ,asleep ,alive ,alike ,ashamed ,afloat ,well ,sorry ,unable ,worth ,sure )并非只能做表语,它们还可以作补足语,有的还可作后置定语(一般不做前置定语)。如: To my surprise ,the driver is still alive after the traffic accident 。 令我吃惊的是,交通事故发生后,司机还活着。 The people ,and the people alone ,are the motive force in the making of world history 。 人民,只有人民,才是创造世界历史的动力。 (三) 形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表示动词的方式。如: He returned home ,safe and sound 。 他安然无恙的回到了家。 The goat rolled over ,dead 。 山羊翻了个身,死了。 He is standing there ,full of fear 。 他充满恐惧的站在那。 (四) 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句,作评注性状语。如: Fortunately ,he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA 。 幸运的是,他没被淹死,被解放军救了。 Happily for her ,her stepmother was kind to her 。 使她高兴的是,她的继母对她很好。 Luckily , he was not hurt in the accident 。 幸运的是,他在事故中没有受伤。 Obviously ,your answer is absolutely wrong 。 很显然,你的答案绝对错误。 Naturally ,you will want to discuss this problem with your parents 。 你自然想和你的父母商量一下此事。 (五) 副词enough 的用法 1. enough 作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如: students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills 。 足够勇敢参加这个探险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能。

形容词与副词专题精讲精练

(一)形容词基本用法 1、了解形容词 主要用来修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。 The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是一种美丽的景象。 I find it easy to get on with him. 我发现和他相处很容易。 2、形容词常用句型(重点) 1. “It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。 It’s very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我,真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.她说这样的话,真粗鲁。 It’s foolish of h im to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。 It’s not easy for th em to learn a foreign language. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad(高兴的),pleased(高兴的),sad(忧伤的),thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如,I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻,我非常难过。 4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。 Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。 He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。 (二)了解定语形容词和表语形容词

初中英语形容词与副词专项讲解与经典练习

形容词&副词(学习材料) 形容词是用来表示人或事物的属性或特征的词,一般置于所修饰的名词之前。表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词,它用来修饰动词,形容词以及其他副词或整个句子。形容词和副词在语法结构中可用于比较级和最高级。 一、形容词的用法 1.形容词可以修饰名词和代词,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。例如: He is a good actor. 他是一名好演员。(定语) This bag is light, but that one is heavy. 这只包很轻,但那只很重。(表语) We think it important to learn English well. 我们认为学好英语很重要。(宾语补足语)2.名词化的形容词 某些形容词前加定冠词the ,变成名词化的形容词。即“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物,作主语时要求谓语用复数动词。例如: The old today are taken good care of.如今,老人受到了良好的照顾。The rich don’t enjoy themselves. 那些富人并不快乐。

3. 形容词的排序 a. 一般情况下,形容词放在被修饰的名词之前。但是,当形容词修饰由 some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定代词时,要后置。例如: I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情告诉你。 b. 当有几个形容词修饰名词时,这些形容词的位置由它们和被修饰名词的关系和密切程度来决定。一般来说,关系最密切的最靠近被修饰的名词,关系较远的离被修饰的名词也较远。例如: A beautiful little yellow flower is on the table.一朵美丽的小 黄花在桌上。 二.副词的用法 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词以及其他副词的词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。在句中常常作状语,也可作定语和表语。 1. 频率副词和程度副词有always, usually, quite, almost, nearly。修饰动词时,一般放在助动词、情态动词和系动词之后,实义动词之前。例如: He usually goes to school by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上学。 The boy can hardly say a word. 那个男孩几乎一言不发。

形容词、副词讲解

形容词、副词讲解 一、易混形容词 1. too many, too much 与much too 2. few, a few, little与a little 如:There are a few differences between the two. 这二者之间有一些差异。 There is a little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩一点酒。 He has few friends because he is a selfish person. 他几乎没有朋友因为他太自私了。 There is little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没酒了。

3. interested与interesting 如:I have something interesting to tell you. 我要告诉你一些有趣的事。 I am very interested in this position. 我对这个职位很感兴趣。 She shows great interest in American history. 她对美国历史很感兴趣。 ◆It’s +形容词+for sb.+to do sth.句型中的形容词要用v.-ing的形容词。 拓展:

同类考点的词还有:bored/ boring; relaxed/ relaxing; excited/ exciting; surprised/surpring; amazed/amazing。 4. alive, lively, living与live alive, lively, living与live均与词根live有关。其具体用法区别如下。 如:The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital. 当受伤的士兵送到医院时,他还活着。 Everything is lively here. 这儿一切都生机勃勃。 English is a living language. 英语是一门活的语言。 He said he had seen a live whale. 他说他看见过活鲸鱼。 Do you like a live show or a recorded show? 你是喜欢直播还是录音。 形容词的特殊句型

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