2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研,英语翻译基础历年考研真题,考研参考书,考研大纲,考研经验,报录比

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题

招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础

(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15points,1point each):

1.UNDP-

2.OECD countries

3.bailout loans

4.EBITA

5.venture capital

6.telepresence

7.carbon footprint

8.forensic medicine

9.key encryption technology

10.United Arab Emirates

11.extradition treaty

12.seismic monitoring

13.procrastination

14.flip phone'

15.Mack Daddy

II.Translate the following terms into English(15points,1point each):

1.大部制

2.石油输出国组织

3.生物圈

4.涨停板

5.浮动汇率

6.计划免疫

7.学生减负

8.通识教育

9.B超

10.自媒体

11.土地承载能力

12.小产权房

13.土豪

14.胶原蛋白

15.经济适用男

III.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60points)

1.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential,such

a capacity to generate wealth and well-being.Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody,but only for a meager15%living in the countries of the North.The abysm between North and South is now so huge,that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.

The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders,have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North,but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism.The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing,that is, subsidizing inefficient products.Today,vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South,it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.

2.After months of speculation,the final22,000-character overview of China’s“third plenum”was published on November15th.In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested,but the document’s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,which were anticipated.More striking were some of the social changes the document announced,such as the relaxation of the one-child policy.A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children,and the policy is likely to be loosened even further.In another widely welcomed move,labour camps are to be abolished.

But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines.Two moves in particular,namely allowing the development of“social organisations”or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas,showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it.That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging,and the world is keen to know*whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they u dare to gnaw through even tough bones,dare to ford dangerous rapids,break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution.

1.近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融

和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效的促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。主要概括为“五化”。一、发挥科技资源密集的优势，以企业为主体，以市场为导向，政产学研协同创新；二、鼓励和引导高校和科研院所通过技术转移中心和产业技术研究院的平台开展科技成果转化；三、培育和支持高新技术产业创新、创业服务新业态的发展，推动投资主体多元化、运行机制多样化的孵化器建设；四、进一步推动设立科技金融专营机构，集中力量聚焦战略性为轻资产的软件和信息服务等科技型企业提供全链条的金融支持；五、鼓励知新兴产业领域

；

I R产权代理机构、信息咨询公司、会计事务所、法律事务所、投资和管理咨询等专业服务机构为科技型企业提供支持，推动其创新发展。

2.中华的宇宙观“天人合一”见诸于文学是“物我交融”，主要理法是“比兴”。见诸于绘画是“贵在似与不似之间”，主要理法是“外师造化，内得心源”。在诗画历史影响下的中国园林，追求的境界就必然是“虽由人作，宛自天开。”主要理法是由“比兴”衍生的“借景”。设计序列为明旨一立意一相地一布局一理微一余韵。在“人与天调”前提下肯定人的主观能动性，“人杰地灵”、“景物因人成胜概”。凡风景必名胜是中国风景名胜区的特色。

艰难的国运与雄健的国民

李大钊

历史的道路，不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才

能冲过去的(1)。

一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界(2)，平原无际，一泻万里(3)。

有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于期间，回环曲折，极其

险峻(4)。民族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人(5)所经过的地方，有时是坦荡

平原，有时是崎岖险路(6)。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，因是高高兴兴地向前走，

走到崎岖的境界，俞是奇趣横生(7)，觉得在此奇绝壮绝(8)的境界，俞能感到一种冒险

的美趣(9)。

中华民族现在所逢的史路，是一段崎岖险阻的道路。在这段道路上，实在亦有一

种奇绝壮绝的境至，使我们经过此段道路的人，感得一种壮美的趣味，是非有雄健的

精神的，不能够感觉到的。

我们的扬子江、黄河，可以代表我们的民族精神，扬子江及黄河遇见沙漠、遇见

山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势(10)。目前的艰

难境界，那能阻抑我们民族生命的前进。我们应该拿出雄健的精神，高唱着进行的曲

调，在这悲壮歌声中，走过这崎岖险阻的道路。要知(11)在艰难的国运中建造国家，

亦是人生最有趣味的事……。

National Crisis vs Heroic Nation

Li Dazhao

The course of history is never smooth.It is sometimes beset with difficulties and obstacles and nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them.

A mighty long river sometimes flows through a broad section with plains lying boundless on either side,its waters rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of

miles.Sometimes it comes up against a narrow section flanked by high mountains and steep cliffs,winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn.A nation, in the

course of its development,fares likewise.

The historical course of man’s life is just like a journey.A traveler on a long journey passes through now a broad,level plain,now a rugged,hazardous road.While a determined traveler cheerfully continues his journey upon reaching a safe and smooth place,he finds it still more fascinating to come to a rugged place,the enormously magnificent spectacle of which,he feels,is better able to generate in him a wonderful sensation of adventure.

The Chinese nation is now confronted with a rugged and dangerous section of its historical course.Nevertheless,there is also in this section a spectacle of enormous magnificence that inspires in us passers-by a delightful sensation of splendor.And this

delightful sensation,however,can only be shared by those with a heroic spirit. The Yangtse River and the Yellow River are both symbolic of our national spirit the two mighty rivers negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward

with irresistible force.The present national crisis can never obstruct the advance

of our

national life.Let us brace up our spirits and march through this rugged,dangerous road to

the tune of our solemn,stirring songs.The greatest joy of life,mind you,is to build up our

country during its most difficult days.

注释:

李大钊此文载于1923年12月20日《新国民》第一卷第2号上，短小隽永，堪称一首诗意

盎然的抒情散文诗。作者用象征，比喻等手法，说明历史发展的必然规律以及中国革命面临的艰难险阻。

(1)“这是全靠雄健的精神才能冲过去的”译为nothing short of a heroic spirit can help surmount them，其中nothing short of相当于nothing less than或only。

(2)“宽阔的境界”须按上下文译为a broad section。“境界”在这里不宜译为realm、place、area等。

(3)“一泻万里”译为rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles，但也可译为

rolling on vigorously for tens of thousands of miles或rolling on for thousands of miles at a stretch。

(4)“回环曲折，极其险峻”译为winding through a course with many a perilous twist and turn，

其中twist and turn来自成语twists and turns。此句亦可译为following a dangerous tortuous course。

(5)“征人”即“远行之人”，故译“旅途上的征人”为a traveler on a long journey。

(6)“有时……，有时……”译为now……now……（＝sometimes……and sometimes……）。

(7)“奇趣横生”意即“极度吸引人”，故译为fascinating。

(8)“奇绝壮绝”意即“无限壮观”，故译为the enormously magnificent spectacle。

(9)“感到一种冒险的美趣”意即“一种敢于冒险的美妙感觉”，原译为a wonderful sensation of adventure。

(10)“遇见沙漠，遇见山峡都是浩浩荡荡的往前流过去，以成其浊流滚滚，一泻万里的魄势”译为negotiate deserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force,其中动词to negotiate的意思是“顺利通过”（to succeed in getting past something difficult）。又，注意until在这里的用法。它在此不作“直到……为止”解，而是so that finally（“以至于……”或“最后”）的意思。

(11)“要知”译为mind you，插入句中。成语mind you的意思是mind what I say或however,相当于汉语的“请注意”或“说真的”。

螃蟹

鲁迅

老螃蟹觉得不安了，觉得全身太硬了(1)，自己知道要蜕壳(2)了。

他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。

他知道外面蜕壳(3)是危险的。身子还软(4)，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非空害怕，他

实在亲眼见过。

他慌慌张张的走。

旁边的螃蟹(5)问他说：“老兄，你何以这般慌？”

他说：“我要蜕壳了。”

“就在这里蜕不是很好么？我还要帮你呢。”

“那可太怕人了。”

“你不怕窟穴里的别的东西，却怕我们同种么？”

“我不是怕同种。”

“那是怕什么呢？”

“就怕你要吃掉我(6)。”

The Crab

Lu Xun

An old crab grew restless.Finding himself stiff all over,he knew it was time for him

to moult his shell.

He dashed here and there in search of a cave to hide.He was going to block up the

mouth of cave so that he could moult in secret.He knew it would be very dangerous to

shed his shell in the open because,with his new shell still being soft,he might be eaten up

by other crabs.This fear was not groundless for he himself had really seen it happen to

other moulting crabs.

The old crab kept moving about in a hurry.

A nearby crab asked,“Hey,brother,what’s the rush?”

“I am going to moult,”answered the old crab.“Wouldn’t it be all right to moult right here?I could help you out with it.”

“How horrible that would be!”

“You mean while you’ll not scared of other things in the cave you’re scared of your own kind?”

“No,I’m not scared of my own kind.”

“Then what are you scared of?”

“Nothing but being eaten up by you.”

注释:

《螃蟹》是近年发现的鲁迅佚文。文章发表于1919年8月间，时值五四运动方兴未艾，作

者通过寓言故事，提醒人们新生事物往往有被旧事物消灭于萌芽状态的危险。

(1)“觉得全身太硬了”译为Finding himself stiff al over，其中all over意即“全身”或“浑

身”，作状语短语用。如逐字译为finding his whole body stiff并无不可，但语言稍欠地道。

(2)“蜕壳”译为to moult his shell，其中to moult为专用语，意同to cast off。

(3)“外面蜕壳”中的“外面”意即“在露天”，故译为（to moult）in the open，以代替to moult

outside the cave。

(4)“身子还软”意即“蜕去旧壳后新壳还软”，故译为with his new shell still being soft。如

按字面直译为with his body still being soft则欠确切，因“身子”在此指“新壳”，不泛指“躯体”。

(5)“旁边的螃蟹”译为A nearby crab比Ａcrab beside him灵活。

(6)“就怕你要吃掉我”译为Nothing but being eaten up by you,乃I’m scared of nothing but

being eaten up by you之略。

落花生

许地山

我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然你们那么爱吃花生，

就辟来做花生园罢(1)。”我们几个姊弟(2)和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种，动

土的动土，灌园的灌园；过了不几个月，居然收获了！

妈妈说：“今晚我们可以做一个收获节(3)，也请你们的爹爹来尝尝我们底新花生，

如何？”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样食品(4)，还吩咐这节期要在园里底茅

亭举行。

那晚上底天色不大好(5)，可是爹爹也来到，实在很难得！爹爹说：“你们爱吃花

生吗？”

我们都争着答应：“爱！”

“谁能把花生底好处说出来？”

姊姊说：“花生底气味很美。”

哥哥说：“花生可以榨油。”

我说：“无论何等人都江堰市可以用贱价买它来吃；都喜欢吃它。这是它的好

处。”

爹爹说：“花生底用处固然很多；但有一样是很可贵的。这小小的豆(6)不像那好

看的苹果、桃子、石榴，把它们底果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜色(7)，令人一望而发

生羡慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出来。你们偶然看见一

棵花生瑟缩(8)地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知

道。”

我们都说：“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说：“所以你们要像花生(9)，

因为它是有用的，不是伟大、好看的东西。”我说：“那么，人要做有用的，不要做

伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说：“这是我对于你们的希望。”

我们谈到夜阑才散，所有花生食品虽然没有了，然而父亲底话现在还印在我心

版上。

Peanuts

Xu Dishan

Behind our house there lay half a mou of vacant land.Mother said,“it’s a pity to let it

lie waste.Since you all like to eat peanuts so very much,why not plant some here?”that

exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well,and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a

couple of months!

Mother said,“How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?”We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts,and told us that the party

would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.

It looked like rain that evening,yet,to our great joy,father came nevertheless.“Do

you like peanuts?”asked father.

“Yes,we do!”we vied in giving the answer.

“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”

“Peanuts taste good,”said my elder sister.

“Peanuts produce edible oil,”said my elder brother.

“Peanuts are so cheap,”said I,“that anyone can afford to eat them.Peanuts are everyone’s favourite.That’s why we call peanuts good.”

“It’s true that peanuts have many uses,”said father,“but they’re most beloved in one

respect.Unlike nice-looking apples,peaches and pomegranates,which hang their fruit on

branches and win people’s admiration with their brilliant colours,tiny little peanuts bury

themselves underground and remain unearthed until they’re ripe.When you come upon a

peanut plant lying curled up on the ground,you can never immediately tell whether or not

it bear any nuts until you touch them.”

“That’s true,”we said in unison.Mother also nodded.“So you must take after peanuts,”father continued,“because they’re useful though not great and nice-looking.”

“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,”I said.“That’s what I except of you,”father concluded.

We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night.Today,though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts,father’s words remain engraved in my mind.

注释:

本文是许地山（1892-1941）的名篇。作者回忆自己童年时代一个小小片断，以朴实无华、

清新自然的笔调，从花生的平凡而有用，谈到做人的道理，富于哲理，反映他身处旧社会的污泥

浊流而洁身自好、不慕虚名的思想境界。

(1)原句也可译为why not have them planted here或why not make a peanut plot of it，但现译更

直截了当，且避免在同一句中重复peanuts一词。

(2)“几姊弟”在下文将涉及，为防累赘，译为children。

(3)“做一个收获节”不宜直译为hold a harvest festival，现取意译。

(4)“食品”也可译为food，但不如goodies贴切；goodies指“好吃的东西”，常用于口语。

(5)“那晚上底天色不大好”译为It looked like rain that evening,符合原意和英语习惯。

(6)“这小小的豆”译为tiny little peanuts。英语中常把tiny和little用在一起，有“小得可怜

（爱）”等含意。

(7)“鲜红嫩绿”不宜直译，译brilliant colours即可。

(8)“瑟缩”意即“蜷曲而不舒展”，故有现译。

(9)“你们要像花生”译为you must take after peanuts，其中take after是成语，意即take……as an example（学习……的榜样）。

差不多先生传

胡适

你知道中国最有名的人是谁？

提起此人，人人皆晓，处处闻名。他姓差，名不多(1)，是各省各县各村人氏。你

一定见过他，一定听说过别人谈起他。差不多先生的名字天天挂在大家的口头，因为

他是中国全国人的代表。

差不多先生的相貌和你和我都差不多。他有一双眼睛，但看的不很清楚；他有

两只耳朵，但听的不很分明；有鼻子和嘴，但他对于气味和口味都不很讲究。他的脑

子也不小，但他的记性却不很精明，他的思想也不很细密(2)。

他常常说：“凡事只要差不多，就好了。何必太精明呢？”

他小的时候，他妈叫他去买红糖，他买了白糖回来。他妈骂他，他摇摇头说：

“红糖白糖不是差不多吗？”

他在学堂的时候，先生问他：“直隶省(3)的西边是哪一省？”他说是陕西。先生

说：“错了。是山西，不是陕西。”他说：“陕西同山西，不是差不多吗？”

后来他在一个钱铺(4)里做伙计，他也会写，也会算，只是总不会精细。十字常常

写成千字，千字常常写成十字。掌柜的生气了，常常骂他。他只是笑嘻嘻地赔小心道：

“千字比十字只多一小撇，不是差不多吗？”

有一天他为了一件要紧的事，要搭火车到上海去。他从从容容地走到火车站，

迟了两分钟，火车已经开走了。他白瞪着眼，望着远远的火车上煤烟，摇摇头道：“只

好明天再走了，今天走同明天走，也差不多。可是火车公司未免太认真了。8点30

分开，同8点32分开，不是差不多吗？“他一面说，一面慢慢地走回家，心里总不

明白为什么火车不肯等他两分钟。

有一天，他忽然得了急病，赶快叫家人去请东街的汪医生。那家人急急忙忙地

跑去，一时寻不着东街的汪大夫，却把西街牛医王大夫请来了。差不多先生病在床上，

知道寻错了人；但病急了，身上痛苦，心里焦急，等不得了，心里想道：“好在王大

夫同汪大夫也差不多，让他试试看罢。”于是这位牛医王大夫走近床前，用医牛的法

子给差不多先生治病。不上一点钟，差不多先生就一命呜呼了。

差不多先生差不多要死的时候，一口气断断续续地说道：“活人同死人也……

差……差不多，……凡事只要……差……差……不多……就……好了，……何……何……必……太……太认真呢？”他说完了这句格言(5)，方才绝气了。

他死后，大家都很称赞差不多先生样样事情看得破，想得通(6)；大家都说他一生

不肯认真，不肯算账，不肯计较，真是一位有德行的人。于是大家给他取个死后的法

号，叫他做圆通大师。

他的名誉越传越远，越久越大。无数无数的人都学他的榜样。于是人人都成了

一个差不多先生。——然而中国从此就成为一个懒人国了。

Mr.About-the Same

Hu Shih

Do you know who is the most well-known person in China?

The name of this person is a household word all over the country.His name is Cha and his given name,Buduo,which altogether mean“About the Same”.He is a native of

every province,every country and every village in this country.You must have seen or

heard about this person.His name is always on the lips of everybody because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation.

Mr.Cha Buduo has the same physiognomy as you and I.He has a pair of eyes,but doesn’t see clearly.He has a pair of ears,but doesn’t hear well.He has a nose and a mouth,

but lacks a keen sense of smell and taste.His brain is none too small,but he is weak in

memory and sloppy in thinking.

He often says:“whatever we do,it’s OK to be just about right.What’s the use of being precise and accurate:”

One day,when he was a child,his mother sent him out to buy her some brown sugar, but he returned with some white sugar instead.As his mother scolded him about it, he

shook his head and said,“Brown sugar or white sugar,aren’t they about the same?”One day in school,the teacher asked him,“Which province borders Hebei on the west?”He answered,“Shaanxi,”The teacher corrected him,“You are wrong.It’s Shanxi,

Not Shaanxi.”He retorted,“Shaanxi or Shanxi,aren’t they about the same?”Later Mr.Cha Buduo served as an assistant at a money shop.He could write and calculate all right,but his mathematics were/was often faulty.He would mistake the Chinese character十（meaning10）for千（meaning1000）or vice versa.The shop owner was infuriated and often took him to task.But he would only explain apologetically with a

grin,“The character千differs from十in merely having one additional short stroke. Aren’t

they about the same?”

One day,he wanted to go to Shanghai by train on urgent business.But he arrived at the railway station unhurriedly only to find the train already gone,because he was two

minutes late.He stood staring helplessly at the smoke belching from the diminishing

train,

and shook his head,“Well,all I can do is leave tomorrow.After all,today and tomorrow are about the same.But isn’t the railway taking it too seriously?What’s the difference between departing at8:30and8:32?”He walked home slowly while talking to himself and kept puzzling over why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more. One day he suddenly fell ill and immediately told one of his family to fetch Dr.Wang of East Street.The latter went in hurry,but couldn’t find the physician on East Street.So

he fetched instead Veterinarian Wang of West Street.Mr.Cha Buduo,lying on his sickbed,

knew that a wrong person had been brought home.But,what with pain and worry,he could ill afford to wait any longer.So he said to himself,“Luckily,Vet Wang is about the

same as Dr.Wang.Why not let Vet Wang have a try?”there-upon,the veterinarian walked up to his bed to work on him as if he were a cow.Consequently,Mr.Cha Buduo kicked the bucket before an hour was out.

When Mr.Cha Buduo was about to breathe his last,he uttered intermittently in one breath,“Live or die,it’s about…about…the same…Whatever we do…it’s OK…to be…just…just about right...Why…why…take it…so seriously?”as soon as he finished

this pet phrase of his,he stopped breathing.

After Mr.Cha Buduo death,people all praised him for his way of seeing things and his philosophical approach to life.They say that he refused to take things seriously all his

life and that he was never calculating or particular about personal gains or losses. So they

called him a virtuous man and honored him with the posthumous reverent title Master of

Easy-Going.

His name has spread far and wide and become more and more celebrated with the passing of time.Innumerable people have come to follow his example,so that everybody has become a Mr.Cha Buduo.But lo,China will hence be a nation of lazybones!

注释：

胡适（1891-1962）的《差不多先生传》是一篇针砭社会陋习的讽刺小品，1924年6月28

日发表在《申报·平民周刊》的创刊号上，曾不胫而走，传诵一时。此文至今读来，犹感有极深刻的现实意义。

(1)“他姓差，名不多”如仅仅译为His name is Cha and his given name,Buduo，外国读者只

知其音，不知其意，故在后面加补充说明which altogether mean“About the Same”。(2)“他的思想也不很细密”译为He is…sloppy in thinking,其中sloppy作“无条理”、“凌

乱”解。

(3)“直隶”为旧省名，即今之“河北”，故译为Ｈebei。

(4)“钱铺”又称“钱庄”，大多仅从事兑换业务，后为银行所代替。“钱铺”可译为private bank或banking house，但均不如money(exchange)shop确切。

(5)“格言”在这里意同“口头语”，现参照上下文译为pet phrase。

(6)“想得通”意即“达观”或“随遇而安”，故译为philosophical approach to life。

资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ca4216588.html,

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