阅读理解(翻译)
阅读理解
Unit 1
(1)Memory Lane Isn't What It Used to Be
About this time every year, I get very nostalgic. Walking through my neighborhood on a fall afternoon reminds me of a time not too long ago when sounds of children filled the air, children playing games on a hill, and throwing leaves around in the street below, I was one of those children, carefree and happy. I live on a street that is only one block long. I have lived on the same street for sixteen years. I love my street. One side has six houses on it, and the other has only two houses, with a small hill in the middle and a huge cottonwood tree on one end. When I think of home, I think of my street, only I see it as it was before. Unfortunately, things change. One day, not long ago, I looked around and saw how different everything has become. Life on my street will never be the same because neighbors are quickly growing old, friends are growing up and leaving, and the city is planning to destroy my precious hill and sell the property to contractors.
It is hard for me to accept that many of my wonderful neighbors arc growing old and won't be around much longer. I have fond memories of the couple across the street, who sat together on their porch swing almost every evening, the widow next door who yelled at my brother and me for being too loud, and the crazy old man in a black suit who drove an old car. In contrast to those people, the people I see today are very old neighbors who have seen better days. The man in the black suit says he wants to die, and another neighbor just sold his house and moved into a nursing home. The lady who used to yell at us is too tired to bother anymore, and the couple across the street rarely go out to their front porch these days. It is difficult to watch these precious people as they near the end of their lives because at one time I thought they would live forever.
The ―comings and goings‖ of the younger generation of my street are now mostly ―going‖ as friends and peers move on. Once upon a time, my life and the lives of my peers revolve around home. The boundary of our world was the gutter at the end of the street. We got pleasure from playing night games, or from a breathtaking ride on a bicycle. Things are different now, as my friends become adults and move on. Children who rode tricycles now drive cars. The kids who once played with me now have new interests and values as they go their separate ways. Some have gone away to college, a few got married, two went into the army, and one went to prison. Watching all these people grow up and go away only makes me long for the good old days.
Perhaps the biggest change on my street is the fact that the city is going to turn my precious hill into several lots for new homes. For sixteen years, the view out of my kitchen window has been a view of that hill. The hill was a fundamental part of my childhood life; it was the hub of social activity for the children of my street. We spent hours there building forts, sledding, and playing tag. The view out of my kitchen window now is very different; it is one of tractors and dump trucks tearing up the hill. When the hill goes, the neighborhood will not be the same. It is a piece of my childhood. It is a visual reminder of being a kid. Without the hill, my street will be just another pea in the pod.
There was a time when my street was my world, and I thought my world would never change.
But something happened. People grow up, and people grow old. Places change, and with the change comes the heartache of knowing I can never go back to the times I loved. In a year or so, I will be gone just like many of my neighbors. I will always look back to my years as a child, but the place I remember will not be the silent street whose peace is interrupted by the sounds of construction. It will be the happy, noisy, somewhat strange, but wonderful street I knew as a child.
Statements
1. By saying ―nostalgic‖, the writer means that he misses his parents very much.
2. The writer feels sentimental every time he walks along his street every year when autumn comes.
3. The writer has been living on the same street for sixteen years since he was born.
4. The writer finds it hard to accept the fact that many of his good neighbors are moving out.
5. The lady who used to yell at the writer and his brother for being too loud has ceased to live.
6. The writer thinks of the past all the more when he sees those who had grown up with him leave the neighborhood they grew up in.
7. None of the writer’s friends and peers still lives on the street now.
8. The biggest change on the writer's street is removing the hill to make way for residential development.
9. When the writer says that his street will be another pea in the pod, he means that his street will have some new attractions.
10. The writer will move out of his street like many of his neighbors in a year or so.
答案: 1-5 F T N F F 6-10 T F T F T
1）记忆里是不是有什么它曾经是
每年这个时候，我非常怀念。走在我家附近的一个秋天下午的时候我想起不久前，当空气中充满了孩子们的声音，孩子们在山上玩游戏，扔在附近的街道叶子，我是其中的一个孩子，无忧无虑的和高兴。我住在一个街道只有一个块长。我住在同一条街上的16年。我爱我的街道。一方有六上的房屋，和其他只有两栋房子，中间用小山丘和一个巨大的三叶树，一端。当我想回家，我想我的街道，只有我看到它，因为它是以前。不幸的是，事情的变化。有一天，不久前，我环顾四周，看到一切都变得不同。我的街头生活永远不会相同，因为是快速成长的老邻居，朋友在成长过程中和离开，这个城市正计划破坏我的珍贵的山和出售该物业给承建商。
这是我很难接受我的邻居有很多精彩的弧线变老，不会被周围更长。我喜欢街对面的情侣，谁坐在一起回忆起来的阳台，几乎每天晚上，隔壁的寡妇谁骂我的兄弟和我的太大声，和黑色西装谁开车1的疯老头旧汽车。相反，对这些人的人，我今天看到谁是很老邻居看到更好的日子。在
黑色西装的男子说，他想死，和另一名邻居，卖掉了房子，进入疗养院感动。这位女士用谁骂我们是太累了，麻烦了，和街对面的夫妇很少出去这些天他们的前面门廊。这是很难看着他们接近自己的生命结束这些珍贵的人，因为在同一时间，我以为他们会永远活着。
的“缺憾和我的街头年轻一代戈斯”现在大多是“走出去”作为朋友和同行继续前进。很久很久以前，我的生活和我的同龄人的生活围绕着家庭。我们世界的边界是在街道的尽头水沟。我们从晚上玩游戏，或从上一个骑自行车的惊险乐趣。现在不同了，正如我的朋友们长大成人，继续前进。现在孩子谁骑三轮车驾驶车辆。孩子们谁曾经和我一起玩现在有了新的利益和价值，因为他们分道扬镳。有些人走了上大学，有几个结了婚，两人入军队，一个进了监狱。看着这些人长大了，离开只是让我为过去的好时光长。
也许我的街头最大的变化是，城市是要转化为新的家园我的珍贵的几个地段山。对于16年，认为从我的厨房窗口已经是该山的看法。这座山是我的童年生活的基本组成部分，它是社会活动，我的街头儿童中心。我们花了几个小时有建筑要塞，雪橇，和打标签。从我的厨房窗户认为现在是非常不同的，它是一个拖拉机和自卸卡车撕裂了山。当山上去，邻里会不一样。这是我的童年一块。它是作为一个孩子的视觉提醒。如果没有山，我只是一个街道将在荚豌豆。
曾经有一段时间当我的街道是我的世界，我以为我的世界将永远不会改变。但是很多事情发生了。人长大了，人们变老。地方的变化，并与变化而衍生出来的知道我不能回去的时候，我爱心痛。在1年左右，我将离开我的邻居一样多。我总是会回到我作为一个孩子来，但我记得的地方将不再是沉默的街道是由建设和平的声音打断了。这将是快乐的，嘈杂，有些奇怪，但奇妙的街上，我作为一个孩子知道。
报表
1。说“怀旧”，作者表示，他非常想念他的父母。
2。笔者感到伤感，他沿着他的每一次街头散步时，每年秋天来。
3。笔者一直住在同一条街上的16年以来，他就诞生了。
4。笔者认为难以接受的事实是，有不少是自己的好邻居迁出。
5。这位女士用谁喊在作家和太大已不再是他的哥哥生活。
6。笔者认为，过去，更当他看到那些与他长大谁离开了邻里他们长大英寸
7。作家的朋友和同龄人没有现在仍然生活在街上。
8。对作家的街头最大的变化是取消了山，用来兴建住宅的发展方向。
9。当笔者说，他将是另一个在街头的荚豌豆，他的意思，他的街头将有一些新的景点。
10。笔者将搬出他的街道一样，很多邻居在一年左右。
(2)Passage One
The world population growth rate is expected to decline in the 2000s, falling from 1.8% currently (in 2000) to1.5% in the year 2010, according to the US Bureau of the Census. However, total population will increase by one billion during each of the next three decades. ―Global population was estimated at 5.3 billion people in1994. 75% of the earth’s inhabitants lived in developing nations, and that proportion is going to reach over 80% by the year 2020,‖ says the Census Bu reau.
―Even with a reduced growth rate, population increases continue to be large because the population itself is so large,‖ points out the Population Reference Bureau (PRB). The United Nations’ high, medium, and low forecasts for the world’s population a re based on specific assumptions about fertility and mortality (死亡率). For instance, if mortality continues to decline and current family-planning programs and other socioeconomic policies continue to lower fertility, the world’s population could stop growi ng after reaching about 10-11 billion people in the latter half of the next century. If fertility declines at a faster pace, world population could stop growing in 2040 at 8 bi1lion. But if fertility declines at a slower pace, the population will grow until 2130 to 14 billion according to PRB.
Rural-to-urban migration, combined with natural increase, is leading to a disproportionate (不成比例的) growth in urban population, especially in developing nations, says PRB. In 1950, only three cities had populations over 10 million. Now there are 11 such cities, and that number is growing.
Currently, 41% of the world's populations live in urban areas. In 2020, this proportion is
expected to increase to 60%. Urban populations in developing countries are growing at twice the rural rate, according to the Census Bureau. But rural populations in the Third World are still growing faster than urban populations in industrialized nations.
Statements
1. It is estimated that the world population growth rate between 2000and 2010is going to decrease.
2. According to Paragraph 2, by the year 2020 there will be over 80% of the world population living in developed nations.
3. A large population base is the cause of the increase of the world population.
4. There are 11 cities with populations over 10 million in developing nations.
5. In 2020, 60% of the world's population is thought to live in urban area.
世界人口增长速度预计将在2000年代下降，下降1.8％，目前（2000年）在2010年最大宽度为1.5％，根据美国人口普查局。然而，总人口将增加1在未来30年的每亿美元。
“全球人口估计为5.3亿人于1994。地球75％的居民生活在发展中国家，这个比例将达到超过2020年的80％，说：“人口普查局。
“即使有经济增长速度放缓，人口增长仍然是很大，因为人口本身是如此之大，”指出，人口资料局（pRB的）。联合国的高，中，低为世界人口的预测是基于对生育率和死亡率（死亡率）的具体设想。例如，如果死亡率继续下降，目前的计划生育方案和其他社会经济政策继续降低生育率，世界人口可能会停止生长后达到约10-11亿元，到下个世纪后半期的人。如果以更快的步伐生育率下降，世界人口可能会停止在2040年增长8 bi1lion。但是，如果以较慢的速度生育率下降，人口将增长到140亿至2130根据pRB的。
农村向城市迁移，增加与自然相结合，是导致不相称（不成比例的）在城市的人口增长，特别是在发展中国家，说pRB的。1950年，只有三个城市有人口超过1000万美元。现在有11个这样的城市，而且这个数字正在增加。
目前，41％的世界人口生活在城市地区。2020年，这一比例预计将增长到60％。发展中国家的城市人口增长速度的两倍，农村，根据人口普查局。但在第三世界农村人口增长速度仍然比工业化国家的城市人口。
报表
1。据估计，世界人口将减少至2000and 2010is增长率。
2。根据第2款在2020年之前，将有超过80的世界人口居住在发达国家％。
3。人口基数大，是世界人口增长的原因。
4。有11个城市，人口超过1000万在发展中国家。
5。2020年，世界60％的人口被认为是居住在城市地区。
Passage Two
In Africa and Asia there is a very serious disease called schistosomiasis (血吸虫病). It is caused by a tiny worm which can penetrate the skin of a human being and cause a potentially serious illness. The larvae ( 幼虫) of these worms live in certain types of snails (蜗牛). When they are ready, the larvae (幼虫) leave the snails and enter the bodies of men and animals. In many African rivers there is a large animal called a hippopotamus (河马). It looks rather like an enormous sausage with short legs and a big mouth. Hippos spend much of their time in the river and they do not seem to serve any purpose. Because of this, some African governments ordered that the great animals should be shot on sight to provide meat for local
people. When hunters killed most of the hippos in some areas, the number of cases of the disease increased rapidly. There were outbreaks of the disease in areas which had not previously experienced it. At first, the health authorities could not understand the reason why the disease had spread. They made investigations and discovered some very surprising facts. When they are in the water, hippos keep the muddy water in motion because they move about frequently. When they climb up on the river bank, they go in single file, making natural channels down which rain water can flow into the river. Without the hippos, mud gathered in the rivers and caused them to run over their banks. At the same time, rain water was unable to drain into the rivers easily, and this also helped to produce floods. Certain types of water snail breed rapidly on flooded land, carrying with them the larvae which spread schistosomiasis.
Now African governments are importing hippos so that Nature can do her work properly and keep the water snails under control. This is one example of what happens when Man interferes with the work of Nature.
Statements
6. Schistosomiasis is caused when the skin of a human being is penetrated by certain kinds of snails.
7. When hippos are considered useless, some African governments ordered that the great animals be sent to zoos.
8. Schistosomiasis spread in some areas when hunters killed 90% of the hippos in some areas.
9. Rain water was able to drain into the rivers through the channels made by hippos.
10. Nature cannot do her work in a satisfactory way if Man interferes with its work.
答案: 1-5 TFTNF 6-10 FFNTT
在非洲和亚洲有一个非常严重的疾病称为血吸虫病（血吸虫病）。它是由微小的蠕虫病毒，可以穿透一个人的皮肤，造成潜在的严重的疾病。这些蠕虫幼虫（幼虫）生活在某些类型的蜗牛（蜗牛）。当他们准备好了，幼虫（幼虫）离开蜗牛，进入人和动物的尸体。
在许多非洲河流有一个大的动物称为河马（河马）。它看起来有点像一腿短和大嘴巴巨大的香肠。河马耗费了大量的时间都在河里，他们似乎没有起任何作用。正因为如此，一些非洲国家政府下令，伟大的动物，应视拍摄，为当地人民的肉。当猎人杀死大多数在一些地区的河马，对这种疾病的病例数迅速增加。有在其中以前没有经历过地区的疾病暴发。起初，卫生当局无法理解为何该疾病蔓延的原因。他们进行的调查，发现一些非常令人惊讶的事实。
当他们在水中是，河马保持议案泥泞的水，因为他们经常走动。当他们爬上河岸时，他们走在单一文件，使天然河道下的雨水流入河中。没有河马，泥聚集在河流，造成他们运行在他们的银行。同时，雨水无法排入河流容易，这也有助于产生洪水。某些类型的水很快就淹没钉螺滋生地，随身携带的幼虫传播血吸虫病。
现在，非洲各国政府在进口河马让大自然可以做她的正常工作和保持水蜗牛受到控制。这是一个人时会发生什么性质的工作的干扰的例子。
报表
6。血吸虫病是由于皮肤时，人是由侵入某些种类的蜗牛。
7。当河马被认为是无用的，一些非洲国家政府下令，伟大的动物被送到动物园。
8。在一些地区血吸虫病传播猎人打死90时在某些地区的河马％。
9。雨水能够进入河流排水通过河马的渠道。
10。自然不能以令人满意的方式做她的工作，如果人干涉其工作。
Unit 2
(1)
She Wanted to Teach
A railroad was being built all the way down the east coast off Florida, from Jacksonville to Miami and Negro workers were employed because they were cheap. A great many of them were in Daytona. Most of them had children. They were living in shacks worse than those in the Terry in Augusta. The children were running wild in the streets. Mary Bethune seemed to hear a voice say, ―What is the place? Build your school there.‖
Her husband, Albertus, wasn’t so sure about her school. He thought Palatka was a pretty good place for them to live. Mary listened but she never gave up her idea. She knew that if she went to Daytona, Albertus would come too.
One day she begged a ride for herself and her little boy with a family that was going to Daytona. It was only seventy miles away. But in 1904 the sand was deep on Florida roads. Practically no one had an automobile — certainly not the poor family that gave Mary and little Albert a ride. So it was three dusty days after they left Palatka before they reached Daytona. There Mary hunted up the only person she knew, and she and little Albert stayed with this friend for a few days.
As she had done in The Terry in Augusta, Mary walked up and down the poor streets of Daytona. She was looking for two things — a building for the school she was determined to start and some pupils for that school.
After a day or two, she found an empty shack on Oak Street. She thought this would do. The owner said she could rent it for $11.00 a month. But it wasn’t worth that much. The paint had peeled off, the front steps wobbled (摇晃) so that she had to hang onto the shaky railing to keep from falling, the house was dirty, it had a leaky roof. In most of the windows the panes of glass were broken or cracked.
Eleven dollars a month! Mary said she only had $1.50. She promised to pay the rent as soon as she could earn the money. The owner trusted her. By the time she was sure she could have the building, she had five little girls from the neighborhood as her pupils.
What a school! A rickety old house and five little girls! The little girls pitched in and cleaned the house. The neighbors helped with scrubbing brushes, brooms, hammers, nails, and saws. Soon the cottage could be lived in, but there were no chairs, no tables, no beds. There was no stove. However, there were no pots and pans to cook in, even if there had been a stove. Mary set about changing these things. She found things in trash piles and the city dump. Nobody but Mary would have thought of making tables and chairs and desks from the old crates she picked up and brought home. Behind the hotels on the beach she found cracked dishes, old lamps, even some old clothes. She took them home too. Everything was scoured and mended and used. ―Keep things clean and neat‖ was her motto then; and as long as she lived the pupils in her school had to live up to that motto.
Her little pupils had no pencils. They wrote with pieces of charcoal made from burned logs.
Their ink was elderberry juice. What good was ink or a pencil if there was no paper to write on? Mary took care of that too.
Every time she went to the store to get a little food, or a few pots and pans, she had each article wrapped separately. The pieces of wrapping paper were carefully removed and smoothed out. The little girls used this paper to write their lessons with their charcoal pencils. She needed a cookstove very badly but she couldn’t pay for one. What should she do? Her little pupils had to have warm food.
Unexpectedly, the problem was solved for her. One day a wrinkled old white neighbor said to her, ―Can you read?‖
Mary said, ―Yes.‖
―Then will you read me this letter from my son? I can’t find my glasses‖
Mary read the letter to her.
―Thanks,‖ said the mother.
Mary turned to go. ―You’re welcome.‖
The old woman stood by h er open door and thought a moment. Then she said, ―I got an old cookstove and I don’t need it. Would you want it?‖
Statements
1. According to the passage, we know that a railroad was under construction and it would connect Jacksonville with Miami.
2. The c hildren of the Negro workers couldn’t attend school because Negroes had low social status.
3. Mary’s husband, Albertus, was in favor of her idea of going to Daytona.
4. Mary and little Albert took a car and reached Daytona three days after they left Palatka.
5. Mary was making preparations for her school.
6. The empty shack on Oak Street was in poor condition.
7. We can infer that Mary succeeded in renting the shack from the owner and she enrolled five girl students.
8. Mary couldn’t find a solution to furn ish her school with tables, chairs and desks.
9. Mary’s pupils used elderberry juice to write with because they preferred it to ink.
10. An old woman offered an old cookstove to Mary and Mary solved her problem unexpectedly.
答案: 1-5 T N F F T 6-10 T T F F T
她想教
阿铁路正在兴建了东海岸的佛罗里达附近所有的方式，从杰克逊维尔和迈阿密的黑人工人就业，因为他们很便宜。一个伟大的，他们在代托纳多了。他们大多有子女。他们住在棚屋比那些在奥古斯塔特里差。孩子们在街上横行。玛丽白求恩似乎听到一个声音说，“是什么地方？建立你的学校有。“
她的丈夫，艾伯特斯，是不是她的学校肯定。他认为帕拉特卡是他们的一个不错的居住地方。玛丽听，但她从来没有放弃她的想法。她知道，如果她去代托纳，艾伯特斯不久就会有的。
有一天，她恳求一骑为自己和家人，她与一个将要代托纳小男孩。这是只有72英里远。但在1904年于美国佛罗里达州公路沙深。几乎没有人一车- 当然不是给贫困家庭的玛丽和小阿尔贝一程。所以这是3天之后他们离开灰尘帕拉特卡他们到达前代托纳。玛丽有只人猎杀了，她知
道，她和小阿尔贝这个几天朋友的住处。
由于她在做的特里在奥古斯塔，玛丽走来走去的代托纳穷人的街道。她一直在寻找两件事情- 这是她下定决心要开始和一些学生的学校校舍。
一两天后，她发现了一个空的小屋橡树街。她认为，这样做的。店主说，她可以租$ 11.00一个月了。但它不值得那么多。油漆已剥落，前面的步骤摇摇晃晃（摇晃），使她不得不摇摇欲坠的栏杆上挂起，以防止下降，房子是肮脏的，它有一个漏水的屋顶。在大部分窗户玻璃的玻璃被炸碎或破裂。
7-11元一个月！玛丽说，她只有1.50美元。她答应尽快支付租金，她可以挣钱。业主信任她。到时候，她相信她能有建筑，她作为她的学生从附近的五个小女孩。
什么学校！一个摇摇晃晃的旧房子和五个小女孩！小女孩的合力和打扫房子。邻居们帮洗刷刷，扫帚，锤子，钉子和锯。不久，可以住在平房，但没有椅子，没有桌子，没有床。没有炉子。然而，没有锅碗瓢盆做饭的，即使出现了一炉。
玛丽着手改变这些东西。她发现在垃圾成堆的东西和城市垃圾。但没有人会作出玛丽从她带回了家拿起旧箱子桌椅及书桌思想。在海滩上的背后，她发现酒店破获菜，老灯，甚至一些旧衣服。她把它们带回家了。一切都冲刷和修补和使用。“保持清洁，整齐的东西”是她的座右铭然后，只要她住在她的学校的学生不得不面对这一座右铭。
她的学生没有铅笔。他们用燃烧的木炭块写日志了。他们的墨迹未埃尔德伯里汁。什么是好墨水或铅笔，如果没有任何文件上写上？玛丽注意到这太照顾。
每次她到商店购买小食品，或几个锅碗瓢盆，她每一篇文章分别包裹。包装纸的作品被小心取下和理顺。小女孩用这个文件，用自己的木炭铅笔写功课。
她需要一个炉灶非常严重，但她无法支付的。她该怎么办？她的学生都必须有温暖的食物。
不料，这个问题解决了她。一天，一位满脸皱纹的白老邻居对她说，“你能读？”
玛丽说，“是的。”
“那你看我这个从我儿子的信？我找不到我的眼镜“
玛丽读信给她。
“谢谢，”母亲说。
玛丽转身要走。“不客气。”
老妇人站在她打开门，想了一会儿。然后她说：“我把一个旧炉灶，我并不需要它。你想吗？“ 报表
1。根据文章，我们知道，正在兴建的铁路，它将连接迈阿密的杰克逊维尔。
2。的黑人工人的子女不能上学了，因为黑人的社会地位低。
3。玛丽的丈夫，艾伯特斯，是在她去代托纳赞成。
4。玛丽和小伟业汽车，并达成了代托纳三天后他们离开帕拉特卡。
5。玛丽正在为她的学校的筹备工作。
6。橡树街的空棚屋在条件很差。
7。我们可以推断，玛丽成功地从业主出租小屋，她就读五女学生。
8。玛丽找不到一个解决办法提供她与表学校，椅子和桌子。
9。玛丽的学生用接骨木汁写，因为他们喜欢它墨水。
10。一个老妇提供了一个旧炉灶玛丽和玛丽解决她的问题意外。
Passage 1
By 2020, you may be driving a pollution-free, recyclable car, eating genetically engineered food grown without pesticides（杀虫剂）; avoiding rush-hour traffic jams by working and shopping at your home computer, and lighting your home with wind power. The surprise is
that in the 20th.centruy, technology sometimes seemed intent on destroying the environment with a mess of smog-belching cars, toxic wastes and polluted waters.
Increasingly, technology has the potential to help clean up the mess. We are on the verge of a ―green revolution‖ in the way automobiles are fueled and energy is generated. And, best of all, the revolution may be relatively painless, sparing affluent consumers the need to sacrifice comfortable lifestyles.
The innovation creating the most excitement is the development of ―fuel cell‖ technology, which uses hydrogen（氢）and oxygen（氧）to set off a chemical reaction that produces electricity. The fuel cell, originally developed for the US space program and currently in use in the space shuttle, has the potential to replace the sort of engine that is presently used in cars and create motor vehicles that spew harmless water vapor from their tailpipes（排气管）. Motorists would refuel at service stations, pumping methanol（甲醇）that would be converted to hydrogen inside their vehicles. Fuel cells also could act as mini power plants producing clean electricity and hot water in homes and offices.
Statements
1. By 2020, the technology will destroy the environment with a mess of smog-belching cars, toxic waste and polluted waters.
2. The ―green revolution‖ in the way automobiles are fueled and energy is generated may be painful.
3. The ―fuel cell‖ is the technology ori ginally developed for the US space program.
4. ―Fuel cell‖ is the only safe technology used in the motor companies.
5. Electricity and hot water in homes and offices may be produced by ―fuel cell‖.
Passage 2
Harvard is America’s oldest institu tion of higher learning, founded in 1636, 140 years before the Declaration of Independence was signed, and was named for its first benefactor, John Harvard of Charlestown. John Harvard was a young minister who, upon his death in 1638, left his library and half his estate to the new institution. Its mission, to advance new ideas and promote enduring knowledge, has kept the University young.
The expression ―every tub on its own bottom‖ is often used to describe the decentralized organization and financial ar rangement of Harvard’s principal academic units: nine faculties overseeing Harvard’s 12 schools and colleges and the Radcliff Institute for Advanced Study. Each unit is headed by a dean, who is appointed by the president, and each is directly responsible for its own finances and organization. The University administration supports the activities of the academic units and other operations on a university-wide basis.
Since its founding, the University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 18,000 degree candidates, including undergraduates and students in 10 principal academic units. An additional 13,000 students are enrolled in one or more courses in the Harvard Extension School. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 on the faculty. There are also 7,000 faculty appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals. Seven presidents of the United States---John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes, John Fitzgerald Kennedy and George W. Bush---were graduates of Harvard. Its faculty has produced more than 40 Nobel laureates (获奖者).
The University’s recent successful capital campaign, which raised $2.6 billion, has allowed the University to take meaningful steps toward its goals, such as increasing both undergraduate and graduate student financial aid, starting new construction projects to provide cutting-edge facilities for study and research, and endowing new chairs and professorships to ensure Harvard continues to attract top faculty.
Statements
6. Harvard is founded about 140 years ago.
7. Apart from Harvard University, Oxford University is attracting top faculty.
8. The president is responsible for each school’s finance and organization.
9. Harvard has 14,000 students in total.
10. There was only one teacher working at Harvard when it was founded in 1636.
答案: 1-5 FFTNT 6-10 FNFFT
到2020年，你可能会驾驶一辆无污染，可回收车，吃转基因食品无农药种植（杀虫剂），避免了工作，在您的家用电脑购物高峰时间交通拥堵，风力发电和照明用你的家。令人惊讶的是，在20th.centruy，技术有时似乎摧毁了烟雾，嗳气车，有毒废物和污染水域环境的混乱意图。
越来越多的技术有潜力帮助收拾残局。我们正处在一个“绿色革命在路上的汽车”的边缘生成燃料和能源。而且，所有最好的，革命可能相对无痛的，富裕的消费者的需要不惜牺牲舒适的生活方式。
创新创造了最兴奋的是“燃料电池”技术，它使用氢气（氢）和氧发展（氧），以引发化学反应，产生电力。燃料电池中，原本为美国的太空计划发展and目前航天飞机在太空中使用，有可能以取代目前发动机that used cars，并在创建motor vehicles that喷出from their排气管（排气管无害water vapor排序）。驾驶者会在加油服务站，抽水甲醇（甲醇），将他们的汽车内被转化为氢气。燃料电池还可以作为小型电源生产清洁电力和热水家庭和办公室设备。
报表
1。到2020年，这项技术会破坏与烟雾，嗳气车，有毒废物和污染水域环境的混乱。
2。“绿色汽车革命的方式”是燃料和能源问题的产生可能是痛苦的。
3。的“燃料电池”原本是为美国太空计划开发的技术。
4。“燃料电池”是唯一的安全技术在汽车公司使用。
5。电力及热水在家里和办公室可能由“燃料电池”。
通道2
哈佛是美国历史最悠久的高等院校在1636年成立，140年才独立宣言，机构签订，并负责其第一恩人，约翰哈佛命名的查尔斯顿。约翰哈佛是一个年轻的部长谁，当他1638年去世，离开了他的图书馆和一半的遗产，以新的机构。它的任务，推进新的思想和促进持久的知识，保持了高校青年。
表达“自己的每一个桶底”，是经常被用来描述分散的组织和哈佛大学的主要学术单位的财务安排：9个院系负责哈佛大学的12所学校和学院和拉德克利夫高级研究学院。每个单位由一名院长，谁是由总统任命，而每个直接对自己的财政和组织负责。该大学的行政支持在大学的基础上，广泛的学术单位和其他经营活动。
自成立以来，大学已经从一个单一的主9至超过18,000学位候选人，包括本科生，在10个主要学术单位学生入学的学生。增设13,000名学生就读于一个或更多的哈佛大学扩建学校课程。超过14,000人在哈佛大学工作，其中包括超过2,000的教师。还有7000附属教学医院教师的
任命。7位总统的美国---约翰亚当斯，约翰昆西亚当斯，西奥多罗斯福和富兰克林德拉诺，拉瑟福德B ·海斯，约翰肯尼迪和乔治布什---都是哈佛的毕业生。她的老师已制作超过40位诺贝尔奖获得者（获奖者）。
该大学最近成功的资本运动，这引起26亿美元，使该大学采取措施，例如增加本科生和研究生的财政援助，开始新的建设项目，为学习和研究最先进的设施，朝着目标，有意义的步骤，并赋予新的椅子，哈佛大学教授，以确保继续吸引顶尖的师资。
报表
6。哈佛大学成立于约140年前。
7。除了哈佛大学，牛津大学是吸引顶尖的师资。
8。总统为每个学校的资金和组织负责。
9。总共有14,000哈佛大学的学生。
10。只有一个老师在哈佛大学时，成立于1636年的工作。
Unit 3
(1)
Best of friends, Worlds Apart
Havana, sometime before 1994: As dusk descends on the quaint seaside village of Guanabo, two young men kick a soccer ball back and forth and back and forth across the sand. The tall one, Joel Ruiz, is black. The short, muscular one, Achmed Valdes, is white.
They are the best of friends.
Miami, January 2000: Mr. Valdes is playing soccer, as he does every Saturday, with a group of light-skinned Lationos in a park near his apartment. Mr. Ruiz surprises him with a visit, and Mr. Valdes, flushed and sweating, runs to greet him. They shake hands warmly.
But when Mr. Valdes darts back to the game, Mr. Ruiz stands off to the side, arms crossed, looking on as his childhood friend plays the game that was once their shared joy. Mr. Ruiz no longer plays soccer. He prefers basketball with black Latinos and African-Americans from his neighborhood.
The two men live only four miles apart, not even 15 minutes by car. Yet they are separated by a far greater distance, one they say they never imagined back in Cuba.
In ways that are obvious to the black man but far less so to the white one, they have grown apart in the United States because of race. For the first time, they inhabit a place where the color of their skin defines the outlines of their lives －where they live, the friends they make, how they speak, what they wear, even what they eat.
―It’s like I am here and he is over there,‖ Mr. Ruiz said, ―And we can’t cross over to the other’s world.‖
It is not that, growing up in Cuba’s mix of black and white, they were unaware of their difference in color. Fidel Castro may have officially put an end to racism in Cuba, but that does not mean racism has simply gone away. Still, color was not what defined them. Nationality, they had been taught, meant far more than race. They felt, above all, Cuban.
Here in America, Mr. Ruiz still feels Cuban. But above all he feels black. His world is a black world, and to live there is to be constantly conscious of race. He works in a black-owned bar, dates black women, goes to an African-American barber. ―White barbers‖, he say, ―don’t understand black hair.‖ He generally avoids white neighborhoods, and when his world and
the white world meet, he feels always watched, and he is always watchful.
For Joel Ruiz, there is little time for relaxation. On this night, he works as a cashier at his uncle’s bar in a black Miami neighborhood.
Mr. Valdes, who is 29, a year younger than his childhood friend, is simply, comfortably Cuban, an upwardly mobile citizen of the Miami mainstream. He lives in an all-white neighborhood, hangs out with white Cuban friends and goes to black neighborhoods only when his job, as a deliveryman for Restonic mattresses, forces him to. When he thinks about race, which is not very often, it is in terms learned from other white Cubans: American blacks, he now believes, are to be avoided because they are dangerous and resentful of whites. The only blacks he trusts, he says, are those he knows from Cuba.
Since leaving Havana in separate boats in 1994, the two friends have seen each other just a handful of times in Miami －at a funeral, a baby shower, a birthday party and that soccer game, a meeting arranged for a newspaper photographer. They have visited each other’s homes only once.
They say they remain as good friends as ever, yet they both know there is little that binds them anymore but their memories. Had they not become best friends in another country, in another time, they would not be friends at all today.
Statements
1. Mr. Ruiz and Mr. Valdes are both Cuban- Americans.
2. Mr. Ruiz and Mr. Valdes feel separated from each other in the United States because they don’t live in the same neighborhood.
3. In the United States, the color of one’s skin will influence the way they travel
4. In Cuba, people feel that compared to nationality, the color of one’s skin is unimportant.
5. Mr. Valdes thinks white barbers don’t understand black hair.
6. Living in a white neighborhood, Mr. Valdes seems to be unconscious of racial issues.
7. Mr. Ruiz lives in an apartment in a black neighborhood.
8. It can be inferred from the passage that Mr. Valdes can still move up the social ladder.
9. Both Mr. Ruiz and Mr. Valdes left Cuba in 1994.
10. All that Mr. Ruiz and Mr. Valdes have left of their friendship are their memories.
答案: 1-5 T F N T F 6-10 F N T T T
最好的朋友，不同的世界
哈瓦那，1994年以前的某个时候：由于黄昏就Guanabo镇古朴的海滨村庄降临，两位年轻的男人踢足球和球来回来回在沙地上。一个高个子，乔尔鲁伊斯，是黑色的。简短的，肌肉一，艾哈迈德巴尔德斯，是白色。
他们是最好的朋友。
迈阿密，2000年1月：Valdes先生是踢足球，像他那样的一个光皮肤Lationos组每个星期六，在他的公寓附近的一个公园。鲁伊斯先生惊喜与访问他，Valdes先生，满脸通红，出汗，跑步迎接。他们热烈握手。
但是，当巴尔德斯先生回飞镖游戏，鲁伊斯先生站在一旁，双臂交叉，寻找儿时的朋友为他扮演的游戏，曾经是他们共同的欢喜。鲁伊斯先生不再次足球。他喜欢与拉美裔和黑人从他的邻居非洲裔美国篮球。
这两名男子，只生活在四英里之外，甚至连15分钟车程。然而他们得到了一个更大的距离分开，
一想到他们说，他们从未在古巴回来。
在这些方式都是有明显的黑人男子，但远没有那么的白色，他们长大了，因为除了在美国的比赛。这是第一次，他们居住在一个地方，他们的肤色界定了他们的生活轮廓- 在他们居住的朋友，他们做，他们如何说话，他们穿什么，连他们吃。
“这就像我在这里，他那边是”鲁伊斯先生说，“我们不能越过对方的世界。”
这并不是说，成长在古巴的组合高达黑白，他们是不知道他们在色差。菲德尔卡斯特罗可能已经正式结束在古巴的种族主义，但这并不意味着种族主义已经完全消失。尽管如此，没有什么颜色定义他们。民族，他们被教导，这意味着更远远超过种族。他们认为，首先，古巴。
在这里，在美国，Ruiz先生仍觉得古巴。但最重要的，他觉得黑色。他的世界是一个黑色的世界，在那里生活是不断的种族意识。他在一黑拥有酒吧，日期黑人妇女，去一个非洲裔理发师。“白理发师”，他说：“不知道黑头发。”他一般避免白色居民区，当他的世界，白色世界见面时，他总是感觉看，他总是保持警觉。
对于乔尔鲁伊斯，有放松的时间太少。在这个夜晚，他就成了他的叔叔在迈阿密附近的一个黑酒吧收银员。
Valdes先生，谁是29，而去年比他的童年好友小，是简单，舒适的古巴，在迈阿密的一个向上的主流移动公民。他住在一个全白的邻里，挂起白古巴朋友外出，去的时候才为他的工作作为蕾丝送货员，床垫黑人居民区，迫使他。当他想的比赛，这是不是很多时候，它是在白色的古巴人从其他方面了解到：美国的黑人，他现在认为，要避免，因为他们是危险的，白人的不满。他相信只有黑人，他说，他从古巴是那些知道。
由于在不同的船只离开哈瓦那，1994年，两个朋友都看到对方只是一小撮次在迈阿密- 在葬礼上，一个婴儿淋浴，一个生日派对，而足球比赛，为报纸摄影师安排了会议。他们参观了对方的家里只有一次。
他们说，他们仍然和以前一样好的朋友，但他们都知道有少，约束他们了，但他们的记忆。如果他们不能成为最好的朋友在另一国在另一时间，他们不会在所有的朋友今天。
报表
1。鲁伊斯先生和Valdes先生都是古巴裔美国人。
2。鲁伊斯先生和Valdes先生觉得每个分离在美国，因为他们没有其他生活在同一街区。
3。在美国，一个人的皮肤颜色会影响到他们的旅行方式
4。在古巴，人们感到，相对于国籍，一个人的皮肤颜色是不重要的。
5。Valdes先生认为白色理发不明白黑头发。
6。住在白人区，Valdes先生似乎是种族问题昏迷不醒。
7。鲁伊斯先生住在附近的一个黑色的公寓。
8。可以推断从文章中Valdes先生仍可以向上的社会阶梯。
9。鲁伊斯先生都和Valdes先生于1994年离开古巴。
10。所有这一切Ruiz先生和Valdes先生已经离开了他们的友谊是他们的记忆。
Passage 1
Today we will discuss the Romantic Age in English literature.
We have already seen that elsewhere on the continent —France and Germany in particular —there was a definite Romantic Movement, complete with periodicals and publishers, philosophers and courses of university lectures. Unlike the French and Germans, the English romantics of this period were strong individualists who did not see themselves as cooperating in the time.
This period in English literature, which occurred from about the 1770s, ending in about
1830, is often called the Romantic Revival. This is actually a misnomer（用词错误）since, in fact, nothing was revived. On the contrary, during this period the typical 18th-century judgments of the value of medieval and Elizabethan literature were sharply reversed, as was that century's opinion of itself. Although much from the more distant past was rediscovered by romantic poets and critics, this did not constitute a return in spirit to these earlier ages. Rather, the Romantics were consciously expressing a new age, and a new spirit and outlook. While some of the great literature of the English language was produced in this age, it was by no means the greatest. Nor was this age great at all in some forms of literature— namely drama, the novel and biography. Its greatness lay in poetry, in miscellaneous（集锦）prose, in the essay, and in occasional criticism.
Statements:
1. Periodicals and publishers, philosophers and courses of university lectures were the parts included in the Romantic Movements.
2. Like the French and Germans, the English romantics saw themselves as individuals cooperating in the time.
3. Romantic Revival refers to the period in English literature when medieval and Elizabethan literature was revived.
4. During the Romantic Movement, romantic novels were very popular in European continent.
5. Besides poetry and occasional criticism, the miscellaneous prose and the essay were regarded as the greatness in the Romantic Age in English literature.
今天我们将讨论英国文学的浪漫主义时代。
我们已经看到，非洲大陆上的其他地方- 特别是法国和德国- 有一个明确的浪漫主义运动，与期刊和出版社，哲学家和大学课程的完整讲座。不同的是法国和德国，这一时期的英国浪漫主义被强烈的个人主义者谁不认为自己的时间进行合作。
这在英国文学，大约从18世纪70年代发生在1830年左右，通常被称为浪漫主义复兴结束，期间。这其实是用词不当（用词错误），因为，事实上，什么也没有恢复。相反，在此期间，典型的18世纪的中世纪的判断价值和文学的急剧逆转伊丽莎白时期，是世纪本身的意见。虽然从更遥远的过去大部分是由浪漫诗人和评论家的重新发现，这并不能构成在这些早期时代精神的回报。相反，有意识地表达了浪漫主义的新时代，新的精神和风貌。
虽然对英语的一些伟大的文学作品在这个时代产生的，它绝不是最大的。这个年龄也不是伟大的文学，即戏剧，小说和传记的某些形式的。它的伟大之处在于在杂诗（集锦）在文章散文，和偶尔的批评。
声明：
1。期刊和出版社，哲学家和大学的部分课程，讲座，包括在浪漫主义运动。
2。像法国和德国，英国浪漫主义视为个人在自己的时间进行合作。
3。浪漫的复兴是指在中世纪时期英国文学和伊丽莎白文献复苏。
4。在浪漫主义运动，浪漫的小说在欧洲大陆非常受欢迎。
5。除了诗歌和偶尔的批评，散文和散文杂项被视为在英国文学中的浪漫主义时代的伟大。
Passage 2
Robot devices are put into operation in some applications in which the general public sometimes never even notices that the robot has taken over. On the new Victoria Line subway in London the trains drive themselves. This in itself is not new, because for many
years the post office has used a driverless subway train system in London to carry mail between sorting offices. However, now the reliability of the robot train is at last trusted to the extent that, although a single human staffs the Victoria Line trains, his function is merely one of the supervision. There are automatic controls to start and stop the trains, and to control the acceleration and the deceleration. If the signals are set at danger, then the train automatically stops, restating only when the signal indicates that the track ahead is clear. The human signalmen have been placed on this line by robot program machines that route all of the train throughout the week in accordance with a timetable. The central control room of this line, at Euston, is staffed by two men. However, they only intervene and take over control in an emergency. Otherwise their task is that of observing the operation of the robot system.
The passengers do not need to think about the revolutionary nature of the system which is carrying them. It has been known for many years that the robot passenger-carrying train was a possibility, and now at long last it is with us. How long will it be before it is decided that a human "driver" on each train is unnecessary?
Statements:
6. The general public all noticed the fact that the robot has taken over some jobs from men.
7. It is quite new that the trains drive themselves.
8. The robot train is so reliable that human beings only function as supervisors.
9. The train must receive signals from the signalmen before it restarts.
10. The possibility of the robot passenger-carrying train has been known for more than twenty years.
答案: 1-5 T F F N T 6-10 F F T F N
机器人装置投产在一些应用中，一般市民有时甚至从来没有，该机器人已接管通知书。在新的伦敦地铁维多利亚线的列车自行开车。这本身不是新的，因为多年来的邮局已使用无人驾驶地铁列车在伦敦进行系统之间的邮件分拣处。然而，现在的机器人列车的可靠性，最后信任的程度，虽然一个单一的维多利亚线列车人类员工，他的职务只不过是一个监督。有自动控制启动和停止列车，以及控制加速和减速。如果在危险的信号设置，然后列车自动停止，重申只有在信号表明，未来的轨道是明确的。人类通信兵已经放在这个机器是由机器人程序根据路线的火车与一整个星期的时间表一致。这条路线的中央控制室在尤斯顿，是配备了两名男子。不过，他们只干预和在紧急情况下接管控制。否则他们的任务是，观察机器人系统的运作。
乘客不必考虑该系统正在实施这些革命的性质。它已相识多年，该机器人的载客列车是一个可能性，并终于在它与我们现在。多久之前，它是决定一个人的“司机每车”是不必要的？
6。一般市民都注意到了，该机器人已接管了一些人的工作的事实。
7。这是很新的列车自行开车。
8。该机器人火车是如此可靠，人类只能作为监督员的作用。
9。这列火车从通信兵必须接受信号才重新启动。
10。该机器人的载客列车的可能性已经知道超过20年。
Unit 4
(1)
Black Holes
It was a star vastly larger than our own sun. For hundreds of years this giant star burned brightly in its corner of the universe. Then, at the end of its life span, a strange thing happened. The dying star began to collapse in on itself. While the star was in its death throes, all the matter that made up the star was squeezed together into a smaller and smaller area. Soon the star measured no more than a mile across. Its matter was so tightly packed that a piece of it the size of a small stone weighed as much as a mountain.
As the dead star continued to fall into itself, it brought with it every bit of matter in the area. Every speck of dust, every stray atom, was dragged into it. The star had become a black hole.
A black hole is a small area of matter so dense that not even a light beam can escape the pull of its gravity.
Since no light can leave black holes, there is no way for us to see them. They are invisible. We know of their existence because of the strange things that happen around them. Light that is traveling through space just vanishes.
Just how wild is a black hole? Let’s take a look at gravity. A common expression related to gravity is, ―What goes up must come down.‖ When someone throws a ball into the air, it must return to Earth. This happens because Earth attracts the ball, or pulls it toward itself. A flowerpot that is knocked off a third-story window will always hit the sidewalk. It is only the great thrust of giant rockets that allows the space shuttle to escape the pull of earth’s gravity On a planet with double or triple Earth’s gravity, objects would act quite differently, because the pull, or attraction, would be much stronger. A ball thrown into the air would not go very high, and it would plunge quickly back to the surface of the planet. A falling flowerpot would be a deadly weapon. It would kill any luckless pedestrian who might happen to get hit by it. Rockets far more powerful than those used on Earth would be needed to break away from the pull of the planet’s gravity.
Beams of light, however, would have no trouble at all escaping from this planet. Even if the force of gravity were increased to a million times that of Earth, light beams would still not be affected. Humans on such a world would be crushed flatter than their own shadows.
Only if the amount of gravity were many millions of times stronger than Earth’s would light beams bent back to the surface. That is the case with a black hole. It is hard to imagine just how dense and heavy black hole matter is. A penny made from black hole matter would rip through your pocket and plunge through the earth with the greatest of ease. When it emerged on the other side, it would hover in the air for a moment and then plunge back through the earth.
Black holes are the strangest objects in the universe. Nothing ever leaves a black hole. No light leaves it. No physical objects leave it. Once some thing enters a black hole, it is there forever. Black holes are like permanent detention halls in the sky. If a travel agent were to arrange a flight to a black hole, it would have to be a one-way trip. As the scientist Robert Jastrow said, ―It is almost as though the material inside the black hole no longer belongs to our universe.
Suppose, just for the sake of amusement, that you happened to drop into a black hole.
What would happen to you? Think of going feet first. Your feet would be pulled down faster than your ears. As a result, you would be drawn into a very thin thread of matter. Then the individual atoms of your body would be pulled apart.
Were you to survive the trip, however, some scientists believe that you would emerge in the fourth dimension. You would be in a totally different universe. The point where matter exists from this universe and goes into the next is referred to as a white hole. But, then, no one really knows for sure. Our knowledge of black holes is based only on informed guesswork. Statements
1. The giant star collapsed into several smaller stars at the end of its life span.
2. A black hole is a small piece of matter whose gravity is a million times that of the earth.
3. A black hole results from the death of a giant star.
4. Black holes are too far away to be seen by telescope.
5. Since objects would act quite differently on a planet with double or triple Earth’s gravity, people can not live on it.
6. Light is the last thing affected by the black hole.
7. A penny made from black hole matter would plunge through the earth again and again and never stop.
8. One day, travel agent would be able to arrange trips to black holes.
9. A white hole is at the bottom of a black hole.
10. Black holes are strange, extremely dense objects whose existence scientists can only guess about.
答案: 1-5 FFTFN 6-10 TFFFT
黑洞
这是一个明星远远超过我们的太阳大。数百年来这个巨星焚烧了对宇宙的角落明亮。然后在其寿命，一个奇怪的事情结束时，发生了。垂死的恒星开始崩溃对自己研究。虽然明星是在垂死挣扎，所有的物质组成的中华明星挤在一个越来越小的领域共同努力。不久，明星测量不超过1英里宽的多。它的问题是如此紧凑，这里面的一个小石头大小的一块重如山一样多。
由于死亡恒星继续下跌到自身，它给它的每一个区位问题。每个尘埃，每流浪原子，一粒被拖进去。这颗恒星已经变成一个黑洞。黑洞是一种小范围的事，没有这样密集的光束甚至可以逃脱它的引力。
由于没有光可以离开黑洞，但我们没有办法看到他们。他们是隐形的。我们知道他们是因为他们周围发生的奇怪的事情存在。光线是通过空间旅行刚刚消失。
野生到底是一个黑洞？让我们看看在重力。一个共同的表达与重力就是，“去升必有降。”当有人向空中抛出一个球，它必须返回地球。这是因为地球吸引了球，或它拉向自己。一个是打掉第三层窗口总是打击人行道花盆。这仅仅是允许航天飞机摆脱地球的引力拉大推力火箭的巨人
在具有双重或三重地球的引力的星球，行为完全不同的物体会，因为拉，或吸引，会更强。阿球扔进去的空气会不会很高，这将大幅下挫尽快恢复到地球的表面。一个掉下来的花盆将是一个致命的武器。它会杀死任何可能发生倒霉的行人谁得到了它的冲击。火箭队远远超过地球上所使用的强大将需要摆脱地球的引力拉远。
光梁，但是，这一切都在从这个星球上没有摆脱麻烦。即使地心引力增加至1亿倍，地球的，光束仍然不会受到影响。在这样一个世界人类便会被压扁平比他们自己的影子。
只有在重力量分别比地球的时代强的光线会弯曲梁数百万回地面。这是一个黑洞的情况。这是很难想像是多么密集，无论是沉重的黑洞。一便士制成的黑洞物质会通过你的口袋里，通过与地球上最大的方便下跌裂口。当它出现在另一边，它会在空中盘旋了一会儿，然后通过投身地球回来。
黑洞是宇宙中最奇怪的物体。什么事也没留下一个黑洞。没有光离开它。没有实物离开。有些东西一旦进入一个黑洞，它是永远不会消失。黑洞就像在天空中永久拘留大厅。如果旅行社要安排到一个黑洞的飞行，它必须是一个单程。由于科学家罗伯特贾斯特罗说：“这几乎就像是里面的黑洞物质不再属于我们的宇宙。
假设，只是为了娱乐起见，您正好掉进黑洞。什么会发生在你身上？将脚先想想。你的脚会被拆掉快于你的耳朵。因此，你会卷入此事非常薄的线程。然后，你的身体的单个原子会被拉断。是你生存的行程，不过，一些科学家相信，你会出现在第四维。您将在一个完全不同的宇宙。这点从这个宇宙中存在的问题以及未来去被称为一个白洞。但是，当时，没有人真正知道确切原因。我们对黑洞的认识是基于只告知猜测。
报表
1。巨型恒星坍塌成几个较小的恒星在其寿命结束。
2。黑洞是一种物质，其严重程度是100万次小的一块地。
3。从一个巨型恒星死亡黑洞的结果。
4。黑洞是距离太远了，由望远镜看到。
5。由于采取行动的对象将与双重或三重地球的重力行星完全不同，人们不能活得下去。
6。光是过去的事情了黑洞的影响。
7。一便士制成的黑洞问题将通过地球再次大幅下挫，并再次，永不停止。
8。有一天，旅行社将能安排黑洞人次。
9。白洞是一个黑洞的底部。
10。黑洞是陌生的，极其致密的天体，其存在的科学家只能猜测。
(2)
Passage 1
Who says English spelling is difficult? A computer analysis of 17000 English words has shown that 84% are spelled according to a regular pattern and that only 3% are so unpredictable that they will have to be learned totally by rote. Yet a professor at Cambridge University once declared that: ―I hold fir mly to the belief that no one can tell how to pronounce an English word unless he has at some time or other heard it.‖
Believe it or not, English spelling was at one time virtually phonetic: even the ―k‖ in ―know‖ was pronounced. At that time, the Old English period, words which now look as if they should rhyme, for instance, ―cough‖, ―enough‖, ―thorough‖, and ―though‖, actually all had a different spelling and it was therefore natural that they should be pronounced differently.
It’s really the French’s (the Dutch’s, too, but more about them later) fault that English spelling is so absurd, for in 1066 the Normans invaded England and brought with them their own language, Norman French. For the two centuries after this disastrous invasion, poor old English was hardly ever written, because the language of the court, of law and of admiration was French---the Normans held all the positions of power. About 40% of the words in the Oxford English Dictionary derive from French. The problem is that the English have always been hopeless at learning languages and they consequently mispronounced the majority of
words, which were introduced by the Normans into the English language. The Normans were also responsible for the capital ―I‖ as in ―I am‖, and for introducing extra letters into existent words, such as the ―u‖ in ―tongue‖ and ―guess‖.
Statements
1. From the first Paragraph, we know that less than 3% of English words are irregularly spelled.
2. According to Paragraph 2, English words at one time could be pronounced simply by looking at their spellings.
3. The Norman invasion is the cause of absurd English spelling.
4. Besides language, the Normans brought with them their own eating habit when they invaded Britain.
5. The Normans were responsible for the capital ―I‖ and introducing extra letters into existent words.
Passage 2
Surfing the Internet can be as addictive as drugs, alcohol or gambling, a University of Pittsburgh researcher said last month.
In a study of almost 400 men and women in Canada, researchers found Internet addiction hooked people into spending 40 hours or more a week online, most often involved in
role-playing games or engaging in chat-room discussions. One 17-year-old boy was so addicted to Internet activities that his parents had to admit him to a drug/ alcohol rehabilitation hospital for 10 days for treatment. One woman, described by friends, family and children as a perfect home maker, wife and mother, became so addicted to the Internet that she would not cook, clean or do the laundry and was neglecting her children and husband because she was spending as much as 12 hours a day talking to acquaintances on the Internet. Finally her husband said, ―Choose me or the computer.‖ She divorced him.
Psychologist Kimberly Young, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Pittsburgh’s Bradford campus, found that 76 percent of the subjects in the study spent an average of 40 hours a week on the Internet. Of 396 people who met Young’s criteria for addicted Internet users, 157 were men and 239 were women. The men were younger with an average age of 29; the women average 43 years of age. The largest group of addicted users of the Internet was people who were not working outside the home; that is, homemakers, students and those who were disabled or retired. In a presentation at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, 82 percent of the addicted users said they had slowly drifted into their addictions.
Statements
6. According to the researcher at the University of Pittsburg, we know that even though it is harmful people cannot stop surfing the Internet.
7. The 17-year-old boy was so addicted to the Internet that he was dispelled from school.
8. When the perfect wife was forced by her husband to choose between him and computer, she quitted computer.
9. Over three fourths of people in a study spent 40 hours a week on the Internet.
10. According to the passage, office employees composed the smallest group of addicted Internet users. .
答案: 1-5 F T T N T 6-10 T F F T N
谁是说英语的拼写困难？17000英文单词的电脑分析显示，84％是根据一个拼写规律，只有3％是如此难以预料，他们将要完全背得烂熟。然而，在剑桥大学教授曾经宣称：“我认为坚定的信念，没有人可以告诉如何发音的英语单词，除非他在某个时间或其他听见了。”
不管你信不信，在英文拼写是一次几乎语音：连的“K”的“知道”的发音。当时，古英语时期，即现在看起来好像他们要押韵，例如，“咳嗽”，“足够”，“彻底”和“尽管”，其实都有不同的拼写，这是很自然他们应该不同的发音。
这真的是法国的（荷兰的，太多，但对它们的了解后）错误的英文拼写是如此荒谬，因为在1066年诺曼人入侵英格兰，并与他们带来了他们自己的语言，诺曼法语。这种灾难性的入侵后的两个世纪中，破旧的英文是很少写的，因为法院的语言，法律和敬佩的是法国---诺曼人持有的所有权力的立场。约有40％的牛津英语词典从法国得到的话。问题是，英国一直在学习语言和绝望，他们因此念错多数单词，这是由诺曼人引入英语。诺曼也为首都“我负责”，如“我”，并引进诸如“U 在”舌头“和”“多余的字母到，存在的话猜测”。
报表
1。第一段，我们知道，只有不到3％的英文单词拼写不规则。
2。据在同一时间，第2，英语单词可发音的拼法只要在寻找。
3。诺曼入侵，是荒谬的英文拼写的原因。
4。除了语言，诺曼人带来了他们自己的饮食习惯时，他们入侵英国。
5。诺曼人的资本负责“我”和引入存在的话多余的字母。
通道2
上网冲浪，可高达毒品，酗酒或赌博，一匹兹堡大学研究人员说，上个月上瘾。
在一个近400人在加拿大and妇女的研究中，研究人员发现到spending 40小时或以上，每周上网因特网成瘾迷上people，最常角色扮演游戏involved或在聊天- room参与讨论。一名17岁的男孩是如此沉迷于网上的活动，他的父母也不得不承认他的药物/酒精为10天的康复医院接受治疗。一个女人，在朋友的介绍，作为一个完美的家庭和家制造商，妻子和母亲的孩子，变得如此沉迷于互联网，她不会做饭，清洁，洗衣服，被忽视她的孩子和丈夫，因为她以前那样花钱作为一个每天12小时熟人说话在互联网上。最后，她的丈夫说：“我还是选择了计算机。”她与他离婚。
心理学家金伯利杨，心理学助理教授，匹兹堡的布拉德福德大学校园，发现有76所研究的课题在网上花费了百分之一的平均每周40小时。谁的396人举行了青年沉溺于互联网用户的标准，157名男性和239名妇女。男人们的平均年龄为29岁以下;妇女平均43岁。在互联网的用户人数最多的是上瘾的人谁不外出工作，即家庭主妇，学生和那些谁被禁用或退休。在一个在美国心理学协会在多伦多，82年均百分之上瘾用户会议上介绍说，他们已经慢慢漂流到他们的瘾。
报表
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选 英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，
最新江苏成人学位英语阅读理解问题+答案整理附中文翻译(自己翻译待补全)
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Today, we tell the story of the 9-11 attacks through some of the words spoken that morning ten years ago. A newly released document includes recordings of air traffic controllers, military pilots and others reacting to the fast-moving events. 今天，我们将通过9.11袭击事件发生时的一些对话回顾10年前的那一幕。一份最新公布的文件包括空中管制员（简称空管）、军方飞行员和其他人士对这次突发事件反应的录音。 On September eleventh, two thousand one, nineteen al-Qaida members hijacked four passenger planes in the eastern United States. They crashed two of them into the World Trade Center in New York City, destroying the Twin Towers. 2001年9月11日，19名基地组织成员在美国东部劫持了4架客机，并将其中两架撞向纽约世贸中心，撞毁了这栋双塔楼。 A third plane hit the Pentagon, the Defense Department headquarters outside Washington. The fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. 第三架飞机撞到了华盛顿郊外的国防部总部五角大楼。第四架飞机坠毁在宾夕法尼亚州某地。 The document is known as an "audio monograph." It begins with normal radio calls shortly after eight o'clock. American Airlines Flight 11 had just left Boston for Los Angeles with ninety-two people. 这份新公布的文件被称为“音频专辑”，它从八点后不久的正常电台呼叫开始。美国航空公司11号航班刚从波士顿起飞前往洛杉矶，机上载有92名乘客。 AA11: "Boston Center, good morning, American 11 with you passing through one nine zero for two three zero." 美航11航班：“波士顿空管中心，早上好，美航11航班正从190爬至230。” CONTROLLER: "American 11, Boston Center, roger, climb, maintain level two eight zero." 波士顿空管：“美航11航班，波士顿空管中心，收到！继续爬升，保持高度280。” 注：这两段对话涉及空管术语，可能翻译有误。 Soon radio contact is lost. A flight attendant on the plane, Betty Ong, called a company office to report the hijacking. 随后无线电联络丢失。飞机上一位名为Betty Ong的空中乘务员给公司办公室打去电话报告飞机被劫持。 A woman at that office then calls the airline's emergency line. 该办公室一位女职员随即拨通了航空公司的紧急电话。 NIDIA GONZALEZ: "So far, what I've gotten, the number five flight attendant's been stabbed, but she seems to be breathing. The number one seems to be stabbed pretty badly and she's lying down on the floor, they don't know whether she is conscious or not. The other flight attendants are in the back, um, and that's as far as I know. It seems like the passengers in coach might not be aware of what's going on right
四级阅读理解与翻译
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and involve them in activities such as art, dance and music. Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity (阳刚), the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype. a US study says. Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man". The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being faded by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls. The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine (女性的) and prefer the modem genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes, "James wrote. Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, " the study reported. 57. The author believes that a single-sex school would ____ . A) force boys to hide their emotions to be "real men" B) help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys C) encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D) naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____ . A) Perform relatively better C) behave more responsibly B) grow up more healthily D) receive a better education 59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?