中考题型专项练习之 汉译英

中考题型专项练习之: 汉译英

这类题在中考试题中出现形式有翻译填空、翻译句子、英汉词组互译、选择正确译句等，而成都中考翻译类题采用的是“翻译填空”这种形式。要注意巧妙使用翻译填空题的解题技巧。这类题一般采用根据给出的汉语句子完成英语句子的形式，它一般空出一个或几个空，一个空格内限填一个词(缩写算一个词)。要求考生补全空格从而使所要表达的思想完整。翻译填空题常把哪些部分空出来呢？即它常考查哪些内容呢？先看几个中考题吧！

1.多喝水，这对你的健康有好处。

Drink more water．It _______ _______ _______ your health．

2．外面正下着大雨，你最好呆在家里。

It's raining heavily outside．You'd _______ _______ at home．

3．建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多时间。

It will _______ the workers over a year _______ _______ the fly-over．

4．如果明天不下雨的话，我将和父母一起去动物园。

I'll _______ to the zoo with my parents，_______ it doesn't rain tomorrow．

5．我们的电脑似乎出了毛病.

There ______ ______ ______ _______ wrong with our computer.

从以上几个题不难看出翻译填空题所考查的内容：

（1）一些常用词组和短语。如：be good at（for），be interested in，on show，take of f等。

（2）一些常用词语的用法。如：enjoy后接V-ing形式，had better后接动词原形等。（3）一些常用句型、句式。如：It takes sb．some time to do sth．，so．．．that，so that，not．．．until，as．．．as等。

（4）一些语法现象，如：不定式，宾语从句，动词时态，被动语态等。

这类题的解题步骤是:

第一步，先读一下汉语句子，了解这个句子所要表达的意思。

第二步，跳过空格读一下已给出的那一部分内容，然后再仔细分析一下要求翻译的英语。

第三步，观察一下要求翻译的汉语，然后联想一下相关词汇和句型，再考虑语态、时态、词形变化、主语与谓语数的一致性等问题。

第四步，试填空格。不要一看空格就填，例如有的同学一看“照顾”就填look after，实际上根据情况还可填take care of或take good care of。若对第一个空格要填的词没有把握时，可从后面的空格填起，这样即使前面的空格填不上，也不至于全部丢分。

第五步，将已填好的句子再读一遍，从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下，若一切没问题，该题就OK了。

解题步骤掌握了，做题时还要注意那些词数有伸缩性的词汇。因为这类题的空格是一定的，多填或少填都是不对的，即使意义相符也不合要求。有些词汇的缩写形式可以写在一格内，如：isn't，let's，won't等。也可根据情况将缩略式扩展，如可将didn't分解为did not，将no分解成not any等。填空时一定要灵活。如将这样一个句子翻译成英语“他什么也没说”，若给出三个空格，可以填：He didn't say anything．若给出四个空格，可以填：He did not sa y anything．若只给出两个空格，则可填He said nothing．

要做好这类题，平时应怎样做呢？

1．熟练掌握常用词和词组的用法。

2．熟练掌握各种句型结构。

3．掌握语法知识。

4．熟读课文，因为有些题可能会出自课文原文。

5．平时要加强这类题的训练。

掌握这类题的做法了吗？做几个中考题实战一下吧!

1．我们的朋友遍天下。

We have friends _______ _______ _______ ________．

2．从现在开始，我们应该更加努力学习。

We should study harder _______ _______ _______．

3．一百年以后，中国将发生什么样的巨大变化？

What great changes will take place in China _______ _______ _______？

4．地球围绕太阳转。

The earth _______ _______ the sun．

5．你能把你的自行车借给我吗？

Can you _______ your bike ______ me？

6 他正在花园里浇花。

He _______ _______ flowers in the garden．

7．火车开走后他才到达火车站。

He _______ _______ the train station until the train had left．

8 在强烈的光线下看书不好。

It’s bad for us ______ ______ in a _____ light．

9．你知道他通常什么时候回来吗？

Do you know when _______ usually _______ _______？

10．我们应该尽最大努力尽快赶上发达国家。

We should _______ _______ _______ to catch up with the developed countries as soon as possible．

11．你认为泉城广场和新建的泉城路怎么样？

_______ do you _______ _______ the Quancheng Square and the new Quancheng Road？

12．嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。

It's not polite to _______ _______ those people in trouble．

13．交警告诉这位司机不要再犯同样的错误。

The traffic policeman told the driver not to _______ _______ _______ _______ any more．

14．学英语的最好方法是尽可能地多说。

The best way to learn English is to speak it _______ _______ _______ ______ . 15．在21世纪，那些观念陈旧的人将落后于时代。

In the 21st century，those people _______ old ideas will _______ ______ _______ t he times．

16．入世后，中国的发展开始与世界同步。

The development of China and the world started to be _______ _______ _______ after China joined the WTO．

17．珍爱自己，远离不健康的书。

Take good care of yourself and ______ yourself ______ ______ bad books．

18．我认为自己想办法要比仿照别人的样子要好。

I think it's better to find our way than ______ _______ other’s examples．

19．孩子们对科学越来越感兴趣了。

Children are becoming ______ ______ ______ interested in science．

20．老师要求我们保持教室的清洁和安静。

We are ______ ______ ______ our classroom clean and quiet．

21．球迷们正在忙于看“世界杯”。

The football fans ______ ______ ______the World Cup.

22．这间会议室太小，容纳不下二十人。

Tthis meeting room is ______ ______ ______ ______ twenty people.

23．他们终于想到了一个应对新挑战的方法.

At last, they ______ ______ ______ a way ______ the new challenge.

24. 禽流感引起的恐慌已在全国蔓延开来，所有的外来动物都严禁入境．

The panic of the bird flu ______ ______ across the whole country, so that all the an imals from other countries are _____ ______.

25. 这些城市看不到有脏水的河流．

Rivers _____ dirty water can _____ _____ in _____ ______ these cities.

26.这件衣服至少值1000美元.

This coat is ______ ______ ______ 1000 dollars.

27.我认为在一周之内完成这么难的工作并非易事.

I _____ _____ it is ______ to finish ______ _______ difficult job in one week.

28. 每个周末,我们的英语老师就迫不及待的去看他的女朋友.

Every weekend, our English teacher _____ _____ _____ _____ his girl friend.

29. 张国荣死了好几年了,但很多歌迷都不能忘记他,

Mr Zhang Guorong _____ ______ ______ for several years, but many fans _____ __ ___ him.

30. 张皓伦每周都要请一天假去陪他的女朋友到某个游客不太多的地方.

Zhang Haolun _____ one day _____ in order to accompany his girl friend to go ____ _ that isn’t too ______

答题时应注意以下技巧：

1．了解英、汉两种语言句法结构的特点，注意词序、语序的变化；

2．把握准两种语言的词义，小心一词多义；

3．对英语国家的著名人物、时事、典故、习语、风土人情等要有意识地作一些了解，避免误译和死译；

4．利用一些翻译技巧，如词类转译法、增词法、减词法、省略法、分句合句法、正反反正表达法等；

5．译文既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语表达习惯。

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