实用文体翻译

Lecture One

Overview of Pragmatic Translation 实用文体翻译概述(1)

庄重体（frozen style）正式体（formal style）商洽体（consultative style）随意体（casual style）亲密体（intimate style）

以下译例中，(A)为错句：例1 投标资格预审

（A）investigation of bidding qualification （B）prequalification (prequalifying)

例2（投标中的）联营体（A）co-operating unit （B）joint venture

例3就地清洗装置

（A）On-the-spot cleaning equipment（B）CIP (clean-in-place) apparatus

例4 羊栖菜深加工处理。（A）Further Processing of Yangxicai Marine Alga

（B）Further Processing of Hizikia fusiformis

例7 《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》

(A) Sewage Disposal standard for urban and rural Treatment Plant

(B) Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Sewage Disposal standard（污水处理标准）Discharge Standard of Pollutants（污染物排放标准）

Treatment Plant（污水净化厂）Wastewater Treatment Plant（污水处理厂）

urban and rural（城市和农村）Municipal（市政的）

Lecture Two 信件格式

?May 10, 1983

?Your Excellency,

?The various subjects we discussed yesterday were all matters of very great importance. To avoid possible misunderstanding in our talk, I have composed a memorandum of the subjects we covered. I beg to send it herewith to Your Excellency and to ask you to examine it and to see if there are any mistakes therein .

I hope you will favour me with a reply at your earliest convenience. I avail myself of

this opportunity to express to you my best wishes .

?(Signed, in full name)

?Charged Affaires ad.

?Interim of the Embassy

?of the U.S.A.

?外交大臣阁下:

?昨日与阁下所谈各项事务都极为重要。为避免言语之间可能有误会之处,兹将所商各事拟成备忘录一份呈上。

?请阁下查阅其间有无错误, 并希早日答复为盼。

?顺致

?敬意

美利坚合众国大使馆临时代办

?(签署全名)

?1983年5月10日

?matters of very importance”来表达“极为重要的事务”函中作者在表达“早日答复”此意时用的是“favour me with a reply at your earliest convenience”十分彬彬有礼?1) 信端、信头(Heading) 即寄信人的地址和日期，写在笺的右上角

?Physics Department

?Zhejiang University

?Hangzhou, China

?Sept .20, 2008

?2) 信内地址(Inside Address)

?即收信人的姓名和地址，写左上角，比右上角的日期约低两行

?Chairman

?Department of Physics and Astronomy

?Northwestern University

?Evanston, Illinois

?U.S.A.

?3) 称呼(Salutation)

?即对收信人的敬称或称谓，其位置在内地址的下两行处，并与之平头

?Dear Chairman

?4) 正文(Body) 即信函的内容

?5) 结束语(Complimentary Close) 即写信人表示自己对收人的一种谦称

?6) 签名(Signature)即写信人的姓名7) 附件(Enclosure)缩写成Encl

?8) 再启或又及(Postscript)缩写成P.S.，用于补叙信的正中遗漏的话

?以上八项内容中：1-6项一般不可缺少7-8项视具体情况定

Lecture Three

?英语正式信函的信头均写上地址，次序为从小到大：

?门牌，街道，城市，州或省，国家

?中文信函一般没有信端和信内地址

?若要告诉对方写信人的地址的话，一般附在信的正文后，或在信笺底部注上?次序为由大至小：

?国家，州或省，城市，街道，门牌

?英语信函中日期通常写在信右上角

?次序一般为：

?月、日、年, 或日、月、年,

?中国人习惯把日期写在信结尾处署名的下端

?次序为：

?年、月、日

?翻译时要注意各自的习惯，在格式上作必要的调整

感谢信

?“learn with delight（高兴地获悉）”“hearty congratulations !（衷心的祝贺）”Wish you both all possible joy and happiness with your son（祝愿你们俩和爱子快乐，幸福）”

I have learned with delight that you and your wife are the proud parents of a new baby boy 我高兴地获悉你们夫妇新生一子，你们定会为此感到自豪

Kindly let me know 请告诉我

?I wish you both all possible(译时省略) joy and happiness with your son.

?祝愿你们俩和爱子快乐、幸福。

?I would like to add my congratulations to the many you must be receiving on your

promotions（你这次晋升想必收到许多贺信，而我还是要给你添上一封，以表贺意）?With my best wishes for your further success（衷心地预祝你取得更大的成就）

?This is surely owing to your untiring industry, coupled with your extraordinary ability.（工作勤奋、坚持不懈、才能非凡）

Lecture Four

吊唁慰问信

?第一句话中的your illness不直译成：你生病了而译成：身体欠佳

?hurry and get well很快好起来speed recovery尽快恢复健康

?much to my regret十分抱歉I’m excessively sorry抱歉之至

?feelings of deep regret深感歉疚

事务信推荐谋职（1）

收悉、承蒙、乞谅、为盼、赐复

I am deeply interested in your graduate school in the Dept .of M .E…

久慕贵校研究生院机械工程系之大名,

?I would like to …现拟

?I would appreciate your sending …蒙惠

?I am looking forward to your response at your earliest Convenience盼早复

?I am writing this letter in the hope that you will admit me into your Intensive English class starting in January. I have heard a lot about your institute, and I hope

I could study with you.

?久闻贵校大名，盼能来贵校学习。今特写此信，希望获准入学，参加贵校一月份的英语强化班。

Lecture Five

事务函推荐谋职（2）

I have the honour to recommend to you Mr. North, the bearer of this letter

我荣幸地向您推荐持信人诺思先生

The other day you spoke of the vacancy in your accounting section, and now he wishes to offer his service. 他愿意谋求你不久前提过的会计部门空缺的职位。

He is trustworthy, industrious and a very enjoyable sort of man.

他为人可靠，工作勤奋，且饶有风趣。

Here I recommend him to you with all my：因而我至诚推荐。

You won’t be so wrong by hiring him.你可以完全放心地雇用他。

Enclosed is his personal history. 兹附上他的简历。

Any attention you may extend to him will be gratefully appreciated.若承照顾，感激不尽

普通公函提及对方单位时都用“ 贵”字开头

Thank you in advance for a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

敬请早日赐复, 不胜感激。

Excellency----阁下Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary----特命全权大使

外交公函一般要求有信端在信端内要求写上发文机关名称、地址和日期

如果收文单位知道其名称和地址, 可免写, 仅在信端上写上发函日期

注意称呼用语外交公函的称呼与其他信函不同, 有其固定的用语, 视对象而定

?“Excellency( Excellencies)”“Your Excellency ( Excellencies)”阁下

?“Your Excellency Mr. President”总统先生阁下

?“Your Excellencies Messrs .(Ministers )”部长先生阁下们

?“Your Majesty King”,国王陛下“Your Majesties King and Quee n”国王和王后陛下?“Your Highness Prince”, 亲王殿下“Your Highness Princesses公主殿下们”

?外交公函中收信人的姓名、头衔、地址不像其他信函放在信的左上角, 而是写在信的左下角, 比签名一项的未行低一至二行

?翻译外交公函时, 在格式上也要相应地作些变动

?把信右上角的日期移至签名的下端, 把原函左下角收信人的姓名、头衔和称呼用语合并在一起, 放在信端, 不需分行

?I have the honour to inform Yo ur Excellency …兹特荣幸地通知阁下，

?I avail myself of this opportunity to convey to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration. 顺致, 崇高敬意。

?“which have all along existed between our two countries”概括成“ 传统”两个字

I am looking forward to closer cordial relations…我盼望我们…的友好关系日益亲善”

Lecture Six Official Documents 公文

?公文格式分为三个主要部分

?文头部分：公文格式代码、印制顺序号、密级、缓急时限、收文处理标记、发文机关版头、发文字号、签发人姓名等项

?行文部分：公文标题、题注、主送机关、正文、正文说明、附件说明、发文机关、成文日期、机关印章与领导人签署、注释及特殊要求说明等项

?文尾部分：主题词、抄送机关、印发说明和页码

?

书面通知

?标题、正文、结尾

?1）标题书面通知的标题由三要素构成：发文机关、事由、文种

?2）正文书面通知的正文由三部分构成：

?（1）通知缘由制发通知的理由、目的、依据

?（2）通知事项需要对方知道或办理的事项的内容

?（3）执行要求对通知事项的执行要求和希望

?3）结尾书面通知的结尾部分主要包括：发通知的具体日期

英语Notices 告示、启示、通知、通告

?英文通知的开头常用一些套语, 如:

?Notice is hereby given that…特此通告This is to announce that…特此公告

?中文一般不放在开头, 而是放在最后

?It is hereby announced that upon the decision of … XXX is appointed/ dismissed from …经……（研究）决定，（兹）任命/免去……，现予公布

?事务性通知

?时间（日期）汉语：先写年、月、日，再写星期

?英语：星期在前，日、月（或月、日）、年在后

?地点

?活动内容（演讲、会议、球赛、聚会等）

?◆英语通知的格式：

?Notice或Notification写在通知正文上面一行的正中间

?发出通知的单位或负责人名字写在通知正文的右下方, 有时也写在标题之上, 作为标题一部分

?发通知的日期写在通知正文的左下方, 单位具名的下一行, 而译成中文时, 则要把时间移到右下角, 署名的下一行

?将事宜、时间、地点分行排列书写格式采用海报式

广播式通知

?We will take off immediately. Please be seated, fasten your seat belt, and make sure your seat back is straight up, your tray table is closed and your carry-on items are securely stowed in the overhead bin or under the seat in front of you. This is a non-smoking flight. Please do not smoke on board.

?飞机很快就要起飞了，现在有客舱乘务员进行安全检查。请您坐好，系好安全带，收起座椅靠背和小桌板。请您确认您的手提物品是否妥善安放在头顶上方的行李架内或座椅下方。本次航班全程禁烟，在飞行途中请不要吸烟。

?Good morning (afternoon, evening), Ladies and Gentlemen,

?Welcome aboard x x Airlines flight _____to ____ (via ____). The distance between ____ and ____ is ____ kilometers. Our flight will take ____ hours and ____ minutes. We will be flying at an altitude of ____ meters and average speed is ____ kilometers per hour.

?In order to ensure the normal operation of aircraft navigation and communication systems, passengers please do not use mobile phones, remote-controlled toys, pocket games and other electronic devices throughout the flight and the laptop computers are not allowed to use during take-off and landing. ?The (chief) purser ____ with all your crewmembers will be sincerely at your service. We hope you enjoy the flight!

?Thank you!

?

?女士们，先生们：

?欢迎你乘坐中国X X 航空公司航班X X______前往______（中途降落_____）。由______至______的飞机距离是_____, 预计空中飞行时间是______小时______分。飞行高度______米，飞行速度平均每小时______公里。

?为了保障飞机导航及通讯系统的正常工作，在飞机起飞和下降过程中请不要使用手提式电脑，在整个航程中请不要使用手提电话、遥控玩具、电子游戏机、激光唱片和音频接收机等电子设备。

?本次航班的乘务长将协同机上______

?名乘务员竭诚为您提供及时周到的服务。

?谢谢！

?女士们，先生们：

?我们的飞机已经离开____前往____, 沿这条航线，我们飞经的省份有____, 经过的主要城市有____, 我们还将飞越____。

?Ladies and Gentlemen,

?We have left ____ for ____. Along this route, we will be flying over the provinces of ____, passing the cities of ____, and crossing over the ____.

?在这段旅途中，我们为你准备了早/午/晚餐。供餐时我们将广播通知您。?Breakfast (lunch, supper) has been prepared for you. We will inform you before we serve it.

?下面将向你介绍客舱设备的使用方法。

?Now we are going to introduce you the use of the cabin instructions.

?今天您乘坐的是____ 型飞机。

?This is a ____ aircraft.

?您的座椅靠背可以调节，调节时请按座椅扶手上的按钮。在您前方座椅靠背的口袋里有清洁袋，供您扔置杂物时使用。

?The back of your seat can be adjusted by pressing the button on the arm of your chair. There are sanitary bags in the pocket on the back of the seat in front of you, please use them for any litter.

?在您座椅的上方备有阅读灯开关和呼叫按钮。如果你需要乘务员的帮助，请按呼叫按钮。

?The call button and reading light are above your head. Press the call button to summon a flight attendance.

?在您座位上方有空气调节设备，你如果需要新鲜空气，请转动通风口。?The ventilator is also above your head. By adjusting the airflow knob, fresh air will flow in or be cut off.

?洗手间在飞机的前部和后部。在洗手间内请不要吸烟。

?Lavatories are located in the front of the cabin and in the rear. Please do not smoke in the lavatories.

Lecture Seven

便条（请假）

?I beg to apply for…代替I want to ask for…

?汉语：日期写在右下角, 比署名低一行英语：日期写在信端右上方

?汉语：一般不分段, 一层一层意思用句号分开即可英语：段落分明, 层次清楚?in order to return home to see my father, who is now dangerously ill.

因父亲病重, 欲回家探望,

?To support my application, I herewith submit a telegram to that effect received from my elder sister. 现附上姐姐发来的电报, 以资证明,

?I should be very much obliged if you will grant me my application. 敬请批准为盼。

启事

Lost (遗失启事) Found (招领启事) Needed (征求启事) For Sale (出售启事) Contribution Wanted (征稿启事) Removal (迁移启事) Acknowledgements (鸣谢启事) Corrections (更正启事)

?第一, 一般需在启事的上方正中写上标题, 标题要根据启事的具体内容而定?翻译时, 标题必须确切

?第二, 英文启事日期写在右上方, 简单的启事也可不署日期

?而译成中文时, 日期应写在右下角启事者署名的下方

?第三, 不论是英文启事还是中文启事, 启事者署名都在右下方, 若在文中已讲明启事者姓名, 就不必再具名

?第四,不论是英文还是中文启事, 一般都不用称呼语

?第五, 英汉文字均需简洁, 通俗, 条理清晰

?海报书写格式：

?标题在第一行居中写“海报”或“球讯”等字样

?正文另起一行，空两格书写内容

?署名另起一行，右下方写组织单位名称

?日期另起一行，在署名下书写

CECF Presents

FILM SHOW

THE SWORD SOCIETY

A Classical Chinese Dance Drama

—————————————

May 9th, Monday

CECF CINEMA

Doors open 7:15 p.m.

Starts 7:30 p.m.

FREE!

CECF = Chinese Export Commodities Fair

影讯

小刀会

(中国古典舞剧)

--------------------

五月九日(星期一)

交易会电影厅

下午七时十五分开始入场, 七时半开映。

免费入场!

中国出口商品交易会主办

Lecture Eight

公告（Pronouncement/ Announcement）

公报（Communique）是党的领导机关的法定公文

?公告：是国家行政机关常用的法定公文

?公报：是党的领导机关常用的法定公文

?除外交、统计公报外，国家行政机关一般不使用公报

?公告：篇幅一般都很简短

?公报：文字较长，内容非常具体

?公告：重在告知事项，极少说理

?公报：告知事项的同时，以“事”传“理”，说明问题

例句

?Relevant issues are hereby announced as follows: ●现就有关问题公告如下:

?according to the relevant provisions to be issued by the People’s Bank of China very soon●按照中国人民银行即将公布的有关管理办法的规定

?fulfill its commitment to “按照承诺”实为“履行承诺”之意

?enter into agreements or understandings达成协议或谅解

?译成：the objects of the foreign exchange business of the financial institutions with foreign investment●外资金融机构外汇业务服务对象

?译成：the business licenses or the legal person licenses for engagement in the financial business●金融业务营业许可证或金融业务法人许可证

?according to th e amended Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Administration of Financial Institutions with Foreign Investment and the Detailed Rules for Implementation of Financial Institution with Foreign Investment

?根据修订后的《中华人民共和国外资金融机构管理条例》和《中华人民共和国外资金融机构管理条例实施细则》等有关管理办法

请柬（Invitation Card ）

?汉语的邀请分竖式（过去）和横式（现在）

?非正式格式

?活动时间

?地点

?邀请目的

?邀请人姓名

?正式邀请

1邀请者应使用第三人称，即用邀请者的姓名全称

2如果是以个人名义发出，又是夫妇两人，中文“及”不能用“&”代替

3正式请柬不像普通书信一行写到头再换行继续往下写，而是以一种装饰性不规则向内缩排的形式安排文字

Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Matthew Benton

request the pleasure of your presence

at dinner

Thursday , the forth of May

At eight o’clock

Jinling Hotel

4…cordially invite……feel greatly honored/ pleased if…

诚邀、恭候、敬请、大驾、兹、谨

requests the honor of your presence requests the pleasure of your presence 敬请光临

英、汉两种邀请函件的主要差异

?1）要求回复的方式不同

?英语：在信末或请柬末尾处写上R.S.V.P. 或RSVP 或r.s.v.p.

?汉语：。。。为盼

?2）引入主题的先后时间和顺序不同

?在英语信函一般第一段前一二句中就会明确点明邀请的具体活动内容

?在汉语中先讲原因，再一步步自然导出邀请客人参加的某向特定聚会活动

Lecture Nine

?正式请柬与回柬

?在中华人民共和国成立五十九周年之际，中华人民共和国外交部谨定于二OO 八年九月三十日（星期二）晚上七点至八点在人民大会堂宴会厅举行招待会。

?敬请光临

?（请从北大门入口进）

?前半句----缘由(中华人民共和国成立五十九周年)

?后半句----发出邀请(中华人民共和国外交部)

?然后点明时间、地点、敬语(二OO八年九月三十日（星期二）晚上七点至八点，在人民大会堂宴会厅，敬请光临)

?活动构成----国庆招待会

?“在……之际” 在正式邀请中经常使用，对应的英语一般为：On the occasion of…

?“在中华人民共和国成立五十九周年之际”应翻译为

?“On the occasion of the Fifth-ninth Anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China”

?紧接着是一个主谓结构的主句内容涉及邀请者、敬语、具体活动的时间、地点

?有其正式格式：

?（邀请者）谨定于（活动内容）（地点）（时间）

?翻译成：（）requests the honor of your presence（）（）（）

?汉语的敬语（敬请光临）是写在句末

?英语的敬语（requests the honor of your presence ）体现在主谓宾结构之中

?六要素邀请人时间地点敬语活动构成

邀请的正式回复

?“接受参加晚宴的邀请” 可说“to accept invitation for dinner”

?“收到或收到邀请”可用“to receive/ get an invitation from…to dinner”

?辞谢邀请的表达法还有：

?to decline / refuse… invitation for / to dinner（辞谢/拒绝……晚宴的邀请）

? a not-to-be-refused invitation

?盛情难却的邀请

? a pressing invitation

?恳切的邀请

?an unexpected / urgent invitation

?意外/紧急的邀请

取消邀请

?第一部分：使用姓名全称的邀请者表示遗憾…(Dr. and Mrs. Tang Ben) regret that ?第二部分：写明遗憾原因owing to….

?第三部分：不得不取消邀请to be obliged to cancel their invitations for…

Lecture Ten

?致辞Speech Address

?主人致欢迎词（Welcome Speech）最重要的是表示欢迎的话语

?It is with great pleasure that I extend a warm welcome to…

?(主人)怀着十分愉快的心情向……表示热烈欢迎

?It is with great pleasure that…

?等于说: It is my great pleasure 或I am very pleased that… 表示：非常高兴

?extend a warm welcome to somebody 常用句型, 意为：对某人表示热烈的欢迎?to attend the opening ceremony of出席……开幕式

?to take this opportunity to convey to … the warm greetings from

?借此机会向……转达……热烈欢迎。

?I am very proud that …(….)我为此深感自豪

?of great promise：前途远达的，大有前途的，大有希望的

?I wish my Chinese friends a most rewarding visit.

?我希望我的中国朋友获得一个非常有意义的访问。

?be accompanied by 伴随有（附有，带着），相伴而生

?be privileged to 有机会，有幸

?

?汉语的行文特点：

?英文行文特点：重要部分先说，再述其他部分

?汉语行文特点：按逻辑关系一步步展开，要强调,部分往往置后

Lecture Eleven

?to take this opportunity to do something“借此机会”

?on behalf of 或in name of“代表…… ”:

?incomparable, unparalleled, unique, peerless, without equal“无与伦比的”：

?“借此机会（代表我所有同事）对你们……表示（衷心）感谢”

?I wish / I’d like to take this opportunity to thank you (on behalf of all my colleagues) for your…

?“无与伦比的款待” incomparable hospitality

?I now propose a toast to the friendship between our two peoples --- to our friendship.

?为了两国人民的友谊干杯！

?▲Here’s to the health of the friends present at this banquet --- to your health.

?为了出席本晚宴会朋友的健康干杯！

?▲To the delightful cooperation between our two companies --- cheers!

?为我们两家公司的愉快合作干杯！

?pay tribute to赞颂

答谢信

?“感谢”之类的话语应首先出现一般不宜说：I thank you.

?习惯用：I would like to thank you for your invitation/ inviting me

?或不用主语：Thank you for your invitation/ inviting me

?It gives me pleasure to我感到很高兴。

?It has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such asXX.XXX, who made an outstanding contribution to the progress of mankind曾经培养出XX.XXX等对人类进步事业做出杰出贡献的伟大科学家、思想家和诗人

?still takes a significant place 依然居于显要的地位。

?毕生心血entire life 鸿篇巨制monumental work

?best represented by Mr. Hua Luogeng, an outstanding Chinese mathematician中国杰出的数学家华罗庚就是其中最著名的代表。

?academic community（学术界；高等教育界；高等学校全体师生员工）

?academic circles（学术界）academia（学术界；学术生涯）

?academic interests （学术界；学术兴趣）

?艰难险阻= difficulties and obstacles，hardship and dangers，all difficulties and hazards

?开拓前进= advance in a pioneering forward, open up new ways forward, develop advancement blaze new trails =开拓创新

?面临着to be face with 面临严峻挑战to face severe challenges

?面临倒闭to face collapse 面临困境to face adverse conditions

?面临困难to be confronted with the difficulty

?to be faced with problems to encounter difficulty

?面临新的机遇和挑战

?to be faced with （be expressiond with ）new opportunities and challenges

?：“逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。”“The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.”

?move ahead in defiance of difficulties（advance despite difficulties ）知难而进

开幕词闭幕词

?“我荣幸地宣布……开幕了”（It is my honor to declare open…）

?宣布……开幕：to declare something open 或to declare open something

?（open 是形容词）比如：I now declare this meeting open.（我现在宣布会议开始）?（declare + 宾+ 形容词）宣布……开幕：

?declare the commencement of … 或declare the opening of…

?致开（闭）幕词：Deliver (Make) an opening ( a closing) speech

?欢迎（开幕、闭幕）词：welcome (opening, closing) speech (address)

预祝词

?to wish+宾语+名词

?祝你成功：I wish you success.

?预祝大会取得（圆满）成功：I wish the conference (a complete) success.

?期待着能有机会再次作为东道主接待您：Looking forward to the opportunity of hosting you here again.

?“我荣幸地宣布国际贸易合作大会开幕了”是开幕词中最常用的句型，

?可说：It is my honor to declare the Conference of International Trade open

?宾语过长用：It is my honor to declare open the Conference of International Trade ?还可用：to declare the commencement of the Conference of International Trade ?或: to declare the opening of the Conference of International Trade

?Commencement一词过于正式，用得较少

?It is an honor to be here today at the Opening Ceremony of …

?今天参加……的开幕式，我感到很荣幸

?are central to… 对……极为重要

节日致辞

在这个一年一度的重要时刻……On this important annual occasion…

?在这个大喜的日子里……On this festal occasion…

?在这个举国同庆的除夕夜晚On the occasion of this New Year’s Eve of national celebration…

?2008年是经历了众多事件的一年。2008 has witnessed many historic events.

?去年是中国取得全面发展和进步的一年。

?The past year has witnessed a great progress in all respects in China.

?我们这家合资企业走过了10年的奋斗历程。

?This join venture of ours has experienced a decade of hard struggle.

?最后我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位新年身体健康、事业有成、吉祥如意。

?In closing, I’d like to thank you again for your kind presence and wish everyone good health, a successful career and the very best of luck in the New Year.

Lecture Twelve

?cry 强调大声说、大声喊叫，较常用

?shout 生气或想引起别人注意时的喊叫

?scream 用以形容因极度痛苦、恐惧或激动而发出的尖声叫喊

?以描述偷窃（steal, rob, burgle）内涵意义也区别很大

?steal 偷窃且不使用暴力

?rob 暴力抢劫

?burgle 强调强行进入室内盗窃

?看报纸（read newspaper）

?看病（see a doctor 或see a patient）

?看不起（despise, disdain）

?看成（regard as, consider as）

?看穿（see through）

?看得起（think highly of）

?看重（value）

?看来（it seems, it appears）

?看见（see, catch sight of）

?看法（view, opinion）

Lecture Thirteen

造型美观beautiful / handsome appearance 色调雅致elegant color

款式多样a great variety of models 规格齐全complete in specifications

瑰丽多彩pretty and colorful 香味浓郁fragrant / aromatic flavor

服务周到courteous service 典雅大方elegant and graceful

制作精巧perfect in workmanship 携带方便convenient to carry

花式繁多a wide selection of colors and designs 华丽臻美beautiful and charming

畅销全球selling well all over the world驰名中外popular both at home and abroad

深受青睐highly appreciated 性能可靠reliable performance

性能优越superior performance 选料考究with careful choice of materials

雍容华贵rich and magnificent 用户至上customers first

信誉可靠have a reliable reputation

复合词fresh-tasting milk 口感清爽的牛奶easy-to-dress clothes 休闲服饰

look at the oh-so-comfortable size 看看多么匹配啊

Lecture 15

?卧游---to make a vicarious sightseeing tour by viewing landscape paintings or by reading travelogues, etc.

?宦游---office-hunting; (formerly) travel a broad and seek an office; go from place seeking official posts

?逍遥游--- a carefree journey; the happy excursion; wondering in absolute freedom ?神游--- take an imaginary trip to a place; feel as if one had personally visited the place; to make a sporitual tour; range in fancy; to tour (a place) by imagination; to make a mental tour

?闲暇旅游---leisure travel

?safari (journey or hunting expedition, esp. in eastern Africa)---特指在东非的旅游或游猎

?mystery tour (a pleasure excursion to an unspecified destination)---神秘旅游（指事先不知道目的地的短途之旅）

?up-market tour (tour directed to a more affluent target audience and fearturing things like more luxurious accommodations)--- 豪华旅游/适合高消费阶层的旅游（指针对富裕阶层所组织的享受豪华待遇的旅游，如人住豪华酒店等）?junket (trip or journey, esp. one taken by politician/official at public expense)---政治家/政客/政府官员的公款旅游

?舶来词：

?incentive travel /trip/tour（奖励性旅游）

?Farm tour（农家游，农家乐---happy farm households tour）

?special interst tours 包括：

?agricultural tour

?ancient capital tour

?bicycle/tricycle tour

?China Popular, China Crossing, convention tour (民族风情游)

?cultural tour

?education tour

?eco-tour/ecotour (生态游)

?family (individual) tour

?fishing/angling tour

?folkloe tour

?Grand Canal tour

?honeymoon tour

?mountaineering tour

?farewell-to-Three Gorges tour (三峡游)

?adoption travel (领养游)

?adoption tour (领养团)

?两个旅游新词：

?E-tourism（电子旅游；因特网旅游）

?online tourism（在线旅游；网上游）

景点名的翻译

?旅游景点名称属单名，最好照顾韵节和外国人习惯读法，把“湖、山、园”等同音译出旅游景点名称通常采用音译与意译相结合的译法

?“天下第一”的译法：

?天下第一关、天下第一泉、天下一绝、

?…..甲天下

?“天下”=China 或country

?直译：

?the No. 1 Pass

?the No. 1 Spring,

?the No. 1 wonder in China

?“桂林山水甲天下”多种译法：

?Guilin’s scenery ranks f irst in the world.

?Guilin’s landscape is the most beautiful in China

?中、英文旅游文本存在着以下几方面的显著差异：

? 1. 词汇方面的差异

?中文文本大量使用四字结构，以增强语气与语势，加大语言的感染力

?英文文本用词浅易，以实现明白晓畅地传递景点信息与服务信息的目的

? 2. 句式方面的差异

?中文文本常用对偶平行结构，平铺直叙

?英文文本多种句式交替使用，灵活多变

? 3. 修辞方面的差异

?由于中、英文语言文化背景下审美心理存在着明显的差异

?中文文本引经据典，以期给人以美的享受

?英文文本直扣主题，很少穿插看似与主题无关的内容

?中文重修辞华美，为借景抒情而修辞手法变化多端

?英文重描述客观，文风质朴，逻辑严谨

? 4. 文化方面的差异

?由于中、英文化为全世界差异最大的两种文化

?旅游景点的信息中往往承载着所属文化所特有的深厚的文化信息

?这种文化信息往往在另一种语言文化中缺少对应

?三、旅游资料翻译方法

?释义、增补、类比、删减、再创造

?1、释义

?对原文字面的解释

?西安古城长安---- Xi’an was called Chang’an, or “everlasting peace” in ancient times.

?天安门---- Tiananman, the Gate of Heavenly Peace.

?端午节那天，人们吃粽子。

?译为：During the Dragon Boat Festival (which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), it is a common practice to eat Zongzi, which is a rice pudding wrapped up with weed leaves.

?译文对“粽子”的解释说明弥补了“词汇空缺”，很好地传递了文化信息

?2、增补

?为了易于读者的理解而添加的相关知识和背景资料

?秦始皇：Qin Shihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history who unified China in 221

B.C. …

?西域：the Western Regions (a Han Dynasty term for the area west of Yumenguan Pass, including what is now Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and parts of Central Asia)

?天涯海角--- Tianya-Haijiao (the end of the earth and the edge of the sea)

?鹿回头--- Luhuitou (Turn-Round Deer) scenic spot

?3、类比或转译

?为使旅游信息在英语读者中产生反响，用“以此彼此”的方法拉近读者与中国文化的距离，使他们产生亲近感，激发游兴

?梁山伯与祝英台转译为Romeo and Juliet中国的苏州比作威尼斯（Venice）?北京的王府井比作美国纽约的第五大街（Fifth Avenue）

?郑州在其交通位置上比作美国的芝加哥（Chicago in America）

?西施（西子）译为：Chinese Cleopatra（克里奥帕特拉）

?译为：Beaurt Xi Zi (at her best)

?清明节译为：Chinese Easter （中国的复活节）比较被西方人接受

?济公译为：Chinese Robin Hood

?鱼米之乡译为：land of milk and honey苏堤译为：lover’s lane