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高考英语作文写作基础——篇章结构

一. 教学内容：

高考写作专题——篇章结构

纵观历年的高考书面表达，其文体题材各异，有书信、口头通知、简介、日记、自我介绍、记叙文、描写文、说明文、看图作文等,不同的体裁需要考生应用适当的篇章结构，将题目所提供的信息清晰、明了、准确，逻辑合理地表达出来。

篇章结构在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用，同样的信息点会因为不同的表达顺序传达出不同的信息。层次分明，逻辑合理的篇章结构会让读者在很短的时间内获得并准确理解题目所规定的信息;而叙述顺序混乱,前言不搭后语的篇章则让人一头雾水，不知所云何物。当然,后者是失败的表达,即使作者在写作的过程中使用了再漂亮的词汇和句型，混乱的文章结构也不会让读者准确领悟作者的意图。

下面,让我们看看不同的文体题材所应用的不同篇章结构。

(一）记叙文体

记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文的写作要素:

１要交待清楚五要素的内容，即where, ｗhen, ｗhaｔ, wｈｏ,ｈow,给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。

２. 事情的叙述可以按时间或空间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联,从而理解文章主题。

3. 时态通常使用与过去有关的时态,如一般过去时。

记叙文的篇章结构:

开头ｔｈｅbｅginｎｉng——交待必要的背景。如:时间、地点、人物等。

中间ｔheｍｉｄdlｅ——交待故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生、发展和前因后果。（可以使用表示时间或空间的连接词，使文章连贯。如:ａｔfｉｒst…then…ｆew mｉｎｕtｅs laｔeｒ…)

结尾thｅｅｎdinｇ——事情的结果或感想、愿望等。(所表达的感想或愿望应与所记叙的内容有关系，起到扣题或点题的作用，使文章结构紧凑）。

例如NEＭT20０0

假设你是李华,正在美国探亲。2000年２月８日清晨,你目击了一起交通事故。警察局让你写一份材料,报告当时的所见情况。请根据下列图画写出报告。

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在这样的环境下，我很难安静的坐在这里吃饭。 2. While I was on holiday in Hong Kong about a week ago, I bought a green shirt for 300 HK dollars in your shop, but there seems to be something wrong with it. When its washed, it fades in colour. Now I cant wear it. 大概一周前我在香港度假的时候，我在你们店里花300港元买了一件绿色衬衫，但是看上去似乎有一些状况。当被洗的时候，它会掉色。现在，我不能穿了。 3. It arrived on time the day before yesterday. But when I checked it, I found a hole in the middle. I was astonished because the hole was obvious and I didnt think you should neglect this deficiency(缺陷). 它是前天按时到的。但是当我检查时，我发现中间有个洞。我很震惊，因为这个洞和明显，我认为你们不应该忽略这个缺陷。 4. I have dialed your service number for several times but it was always busy. 我多次拨打你们的服务电话，但它总是占线。 5. Now this problem keeps worrying me. 现在这个问题一直在困扰我。

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____________________________________________ Sincerely yours, Li Hua 【优秀满分范文】 Dear Henry, How is everything going? I feel glad to introduce the study of Chinese classics in our school. First, we have special textbooks about Chinese classics and professional teachers. Second, we’re scheduled once a week to study Tang and Song poetry. Third, there are weekly after-class activities to learn Chinese calligraphy and watercolor painting, from which we’ve been benefited a lot. I hope that through learning, we can have a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Now that you’re interested in China’s classical culture, I will send a textbook and some related materials to you soon. Wish you success in your study and all the best! Sincerely yours, Li Hua

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