初中英语语法 代词

——代词一．代词的分类

人称代词

物主代词

反身代词

不定代词

指示代词

疑问代词

人称代词：

人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

They all like him very much.

他们都很喜欢他。

She gave the books to you and me.

这些书是她送给你和我的。

2. 人称代词在作表语时，用宾格

——Who’s knocking at the door?

——It’s me.

谁敲门？-是我。

3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”

You, she and I all enjoy the music.

你我她都喜欢音乐。

4. she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等

We love our motherland, we hope she’ll be stronger and bigger.

我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。

The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston.

轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。

5. it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等

——What’the weather like today?

——It’s windy.

今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。

It’s about five minutes’walk from home to school.

从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。

6. it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳

It’s hard to reach the apples.

很难够到苹果。

It’s good for you taking a walk after supper.

对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。

物主代词

形容词性名词性

my mine

your yours

his his

her hers

its its

our ours

your yours

their theirs

1. 形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语

My brother is a worker.

我弟弟是个工人。

His parents are very friendly.

他的父母非常友善。

3. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：

形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词

注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。

These books aren't ours. Ours are new.

(our books = ours)

This is not our room. Ours is over there.

(our room = ours)

4. “of +名词性物主代词”表示所属

A sister of his is a nurse.

他的一个妹妹是个护士。

Tom is a friend of mine

我的一个朋友

反身代词

单数

myself yourself himself herself itself

复数

ourselves yourselves themselves

1. 反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语

He thinks more of others than of himself.

他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。

That poor boy was myself.

那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

He himself was a doctor.

他本人就是一个大夫。

I myself can work the problem out.

我能亲自算出这道题

2. 反身代词有以下常见搭配

enjoy oneself = have a good time

by oneself = alone

help oneself to…

learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth.

注意：oneself 有单复数之分

* I enjoy myself.

* Children, help yourselves to some fish.

不定代词

不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词

all, each, every, both, either, neither

none, one, little, few, many, much

other, another, some, any, no

由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词

几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词

1. some/any

some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中

There are some flowers in front of the house.

any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句

Do you have any picture-books?

注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中

Would you like some meat?

你想要些肉吗？

May I ask some questions?

我可以问问题吗？

Could I have some apples?

我可以吃苹果吗？

Will you give me some water?

你能给我些水吗？

2. many/much

many修饰或指代复数名词

There are many eggs in the basket.

Many of us like playing games.

much 修饰或指代不可数名词

He doesn’t know much English.

3. another/other

another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个

I don’t want this coat. Please show me another.

other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的

Do you have any other questions?

4. the other / others / the others / the other

1. 特指两个中的另一个

He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor.

2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些

Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.

others泛指其他的人或物

He often helps others.

Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.

the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物

There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.

5. few/a few/little/a little

few/a few 修饰可数名词

little/a little 修饰不可数名词

few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”

a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点”

6. every/each

every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用Every child likes playing games.

each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用

Each student was asked to try again.

Each of them has a nice skirt.

7. all/none

all “(全部)都”, 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。

We are all from Canada.

They all like English.

none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）None of us is/are afraid of dogs.

8. both/either/neither

both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数

My parents are both teachers.

=Both of my parents are teachers.

neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数

Neither answer is right.

either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数There are trees on either side of the street.

= There are trees on both sides of the street.

有关词组及应用

both of/either of/neither of

Both of them swim well.

他们俩都游得很好。

Either of you goes to Beijing.

你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。

Neither of them stopped to have a rest.

他们俩谁都不停下来休息。

both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）

either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)

Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.

Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。

Either my father or my mother cooks at home.

或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。

Neither he nor I am free today.

我和他今天都没空。

9. Something/anything/nothing

Somebody/anybody/nobody

当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置

I have something important to tell you.

Is there anything else in the box?

Nobody can answer the question.

指示代词

表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复数)

1. this, these指在方位上较近的人或物

that, those指在方位上较远的人或物

This is my shirt, that’s yours.

These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.

2. that, those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复

*These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.

3. 刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that

*He was ill y esterday. I’m sorry to hear that.

疑问代词

用来构成特殊疑问句的代词

常见有：who whom whose what which 通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语What makes you think like that ? \做主语\

Who (Whom) were you talking with? \做宾语\

Which bus do I need? \做定语\

What’s your father? \做表语\

注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom With whom did he play games?

With who did he play games?(错)

初中英语语法代词专项练习

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新初中英语语法知识—代词的分类汇编含答案

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3. 物主代词的特殊用法 在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如： 我的一个朋友a friend of mine , 她的一个同学 a classmate of hers , each brother of his. 三、反身代词 1. 反身代词的形式 2. 反身代词的句法功能 3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语 ① help oneself to 随便吃……② come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟，恢复知觉 ③ dress oneself 自己穿衣服④ say to oneself 自言自语 ⑤ enjoy oneself 玩得开心⑥ lose oneself in迷路于，全神贯注于…之中，消失于 ⑦ teach oneself 自学⑧ look after oneself ⑨by oneself 亲自 learn……by oneself 自学…leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下hurt oneself 伤了自己make yourself/yourselves at home 不必拘束 四、指示代词

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