考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(文化教育类)【圣才出品】

◆文化教育类

Practice1

It can be argue that the change in social values which education brings about is a necessary one.（1）We might say that primary socialization,as we have defined it,tends to have a frame of reference which relates to the past and provides for the learning of traditional values,whereas secondary socialization tends to have a wider frame of reference and provides for the adaptation of the individual to a changing society.It can also be argue that social change is,in some degree at least, a consequence of education and secondary socialization has often been imposed on societies without regard to the importance of traditional values.（2）Whichever view one takes,it seems clear that for satisfactory social learning to take place primary and secondary socialization need to be reconciled so that they are complementary and not in conflict.

Mention has already been made of the socializing function of language.The kind of language which the child uses at home or with his peer group,that is to say the other children in the neighborhood who play with him,may be very different from the kind of language that his teacher expects him to use at school.（3）In this case,the language behaviour of primary socialization is in conflict with the norms of language behaviour which are considered to be correct for the purposes of secondary socialization.

This problem is made more difficult by the fact that difference in the kind of

language used at home and at school may go along with differences in the uses of language in these two https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e94454047.html,nguage in the home,for example,may be used mainly for the purposes of interaction between the members of the family,as a way of maintaining emotional relationships.In the school classroom,however,the child is often required to use language in a different way.（4）Here its purpose is not so much to help interaction as to serve as a means of acquiring and organizing knowledge.It serves an intellectual rather than an emotional purpose.In this case, conflict occurs because the uses of language developed in primary socialization are not those which are of primary importance in secondary socialization.

In view of these difficulties,some educationists have suggested the need for language programmes which will provide“verbally deprived”children with the kind of language and its uses which they will need for their school education.Other educationists have taken the contrary view.They believe that educational methods should themselves change so that they relate more closely to the child’s experience,including his experience of language.（5）To take this view is to argue that secondary socialization should adapt itself to primary socialization as far as possible and to imply that the latter should be given priority.

参考译文及解析

（1）【解析】that引导宾语从句，从句中由whereas连接构成并列结构。“as we have defined it”是状语后置，意思是“正如我们所定义的”，翻译时按照汉语习惯将

其提前。which引导的定语从句修饰“a frame of reference”，因定语较短，

翻译时将其处理为“的”的形式，放在修饰的名词之前。frame原义是“框架，

结构”，此处将其译为“范围”。后一部分是由and连接的两个动词词组。tend to

表示“往往”。socialization意思是“社会化，”本文指“适应社会需要的教育”。

【译文】正如我们已经确定的，我们可以说，初级社会教育往往涉及与过去有关的范围，并进行传统价值的学习；而中级社会教育倾向于更为广阔的领域，使个人对

社会的变化具有适应力。

（2）【解析】前半句是whichever引导的状语从句。后半句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句“primary and secondary…reconciled”，翻译时不必

译形式主语it，可直接将不定式的内容译出。“for satisfactory social learning

to take place”是目的状语，翻译时将其提前。第一个句子是宾语前置。连接词

so that表目的。complementary补充的，互补的。

【译文】显然，无论采取何种观点，为了取得满意的社会学识，初级和中级社会教育都需要相互调和，以便排除冲突，互相补充。

（3）【解析】这是一个简单句，句子是主系表结构。which引导的定语从句修饰“the norms of language behaviour”，翻译时将定语前置，且由于汉语中较少使用被动语

态，因此需将定语从句的被动语态转换成汉语中的主动语态。in this case译为“在

这种情况下”。behaviour原是“行为”的意思，这里将其引申为“表达”。be in

conflict with表示“冲突”。

【译文】在这种情况下，初级社会教育的语言表达便与以中级社会教育为目的的正确得体的语言表达的标准发生了冲突。

（4）【解析】这是一个简单句。此处的its指的是“语言运用”，“not so much…as”表示“与其说…，不如说是…”。serve as指“作为”。interaction相互作用；交

往。

【译文】这里，语言运用的目的与其说是为了帮助交往，不如说是作为设法获得和组织知识的手段。

（5）【解析】本句是主系表结构，不定式短语“To take this view”作句的主语，不定式短语“to argue…”和“to imply…”则为并列表语，二者分别带有“that”引导

的从句作宾语，后一个that引导的宾语从句时被动语态，翻译时应将其转换为主

动形式。adapt to指“适应”，as far as possible表示“尽可能”。priority优

先，优先权。

【译文】持有这种观点也就是认为中级社会教育必须尽可能适应初级社会教育，同时也意味着应给予后者优先权。

Practice2

The aim of education or culture is merely the development of good taste in knowledge and good form in conduct.The cultured man or the ideal educated man is not necessarily one who is well-read or learned,but one who likes and dislikes the right things.To know what to love and what to hate is to have taste in knowledge.（1）I have met such persons,and found that there was no topic that might come up in the course of the conversation concerning which they did not have some facts or figures to produce,but whose points of view were appalling.Such persons have erudition（the quality of being knowledgeable）,but no discernment or taste. Erudition is a mere matter of stuffing facts or information,while taste or discernment is a matter of artistic judgment.（2）In speaking of a scholar,the

Chinese generally distinguish between a man’s scholarship,conduct,and taste or discernment.This is particularly so with regard to historians;a book of history may be written with the most thorough scholarship,yet be totally lacking in insight or discernment,and in the judgment or interpretation of persons and events in history, the author may show no originality or depth of understanding.Such a person,we say,has no taste in knowledge.To be well-informed,or to accumulate facts and details,is the easiest of all things.（3）There are many facts in a given historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind,but discernment in the selection of significant facts is a vastly more difficult thing and depends upon one’s point of view.

An educated man,therefore,is one who has the right loves and hatreds.This we call taste,and with taste comes charm.（4）Now to have taste or discernment requires a capacity for thinking things through to the bottom,an independence of judgment,and an unwillingness to be knocked down by any form of fraud,social, political,literary,artistic or academic.There is no doubt that we are surrounded in our adult life with a wealth of frauds:fame frauds,wealth frauds,patriotic frauds, political frauds,religious frauds and fraud poets,fraud artists,fraud dictators and fraud psychologists.When a psychoanalyst tells us that the performing of the functions of the bowels during childhood has a definite connection or that constipation leads to stinginess of character,all that a man with taste can do is to feel amused.（5）When a man is wrong,he is wrong,and there is no need for one to be impressed and overawed by a great name or by the number of books that he

has read and we haven’t.

【解析及译文】

（1）【解析】首先要分析清楚句子结构。句子中含有一个双重否定结构there was no…which they did not…，翻译时要变为肯定句。此外还要注意topic一词后面有两个定

语，一个是定语从句，一个是现在分词结构。

【译文】我曾经遇到过许多这样的人，发现他们可以针对谈话中所可能涉及的每一话题列举出事实或数据，但看事物的观点却让人震惊。

（2）【解析】本句注意scholarship、conduct、taste和discernment几个专有名词的翻译，而且他们是distinguish一词区别的对象，其中taste or discernment最佳

译为“对事物的鉴赏力”

【译文】一提到有学问的人，中国人通常区分开来谈他的学识、他的行为举止和其对事物的鉴赏力。

（3）【解析】英语中一个显著的特点是被动句用的特别多，而汉语中则很少用到，因此在翻译时要注意被动句式的转换。比如上文中There are many facts in a given

historical period that can be easily stuffed into our mind，如果按字面意思

翻译就是：特定历史时期的史实有很多可以被储存在我们的脑子当中，就不如上

面译文更符合中国读者的习惯。

【译文】我们的大脑极容易存储许多包含一个特定历史时期的史实，但是怎样在有价值的史实中鉴别它们却是一件更难的事情，它取决于我们的世界观。

（4）【解析】此句中的requires，capacity，unwillingness在上面译文中都被巧妙地避免或转化，使译文既简洁又顺畅。

【译文】要具有鉴赏力，需要能够对事物进行彻头彻尾的思考，做出独立的判断，决

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

考研英语一翻译真题汇总

1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population

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历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载阅读)

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历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38

历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38 英译汉：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。 2014年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happ y, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and wh at doesn’t. Final ly, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 翻译 大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。 Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

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