高级英语重要词汇解释
In return 作为（对某物）的付款或回报
What do we give them in return.
Conceive of 想像、认为
I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies. Who never conceived of us billion-dollar Babies（俚语：人）。
对于那些认为我们从不会成为腰缠万贯的巨富的先生和女士们，我们总是暗自嘲笑他们。
Scores of 很多
Scores of young people.
Strike sb. as …给某人留下印象
These conclusion strike me as reasonable.
我认为他们的话是合情合理的
Drop out 脱离传统社会
Ever since 自从
In hopes of 怀着…希望
Every since civilization began，certain individuals（人）have tried to run away from it in hopes of finding a simpler，more pastoral，and more peaceful life
Support oneself 自食其力
Run out of 没有，用完，耗尽
Our planet is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes.
我们地球上高尚的野蛮人和未玷污的地方越来越少
the other way （round）相反
come off 成功
These are the ones whose revolutions did not come off.
In need of 需要
它洒在一个司空见惯，平凡庸碌的地方，一个仍然无法摆脱食品杂货，污水处理的地方。
In short supply 供应不足，短缺
Break down 瓦解，崩溃
Broke down our resolve. 丧失了我们的决心
Out of work 失业
dawn on sb. 逐渐明白
It dawned on us rather suddenly that the number of passengers on the small spaceship we inhabit is doubling about every forty years.
Come down （from…）（to…）从一处来到另一处
Eat sth. up 吃光
In profusion 大量地
She had magnificent blonde hair，in profusion.
Take a shot 猜测
As a point of departure 起点
As doctors often do I take a trial shot at it as a point of departure.
作为医生我经常根据猜测可能出现的总是进行提问
as yet 到现在为止
As yet，no man has set foot on Mars.
到目前为止还没有人登上火星。
Get somewhere 有进展，取得一些成就
If only 只要
If only they wouldn‘t use the word “hurt”I might be able to get somewhere.
Up to sb. 取决于某人
Fall in love with 爱上
After all，I had already fallen in love with the savage brat，the parents were contemptible to me.
Let out 发出（叫喊）
She let out a scream of terror.
她发出恐怖的叫喊。
Hold sb. down 控制住某人，压制某人
I tried to hold myself down but I couldn‘t.
Open up 张开
She open up for an instant but before I could see anything she came down again and gripped the wooden blade between her molars.
Reduce sth. to 将…化为（变成）
She reduced spatula to splinters before I could get it out
Through with sb. 结束
We are going to through with this.
Go at sth. 努力做某事
He went at the job with a lot of energy. 他工作卖力
Tear sb/sth apart 严厉地批评…，彻底毁灭…
I could have torn the child apart in my own fury and enjoyed it.
Bred of …由…造成
But a blind fury，a feeling of adult shame，bred of a longing for muscular release are the operative.
由于渴望释放男人的体力而产生的不理智的愤怒，和成年人的羞辱而使我继续下去，坚持到底。
On the defensive 采取守势
She had been on the defensive before but now she attacked.
Fly at 冲上去攻击某人
Tried to get off her father‘s lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded her eyes.
Come to light 为人所知
New evidence has recently come to light
At one‘s request 应某人之请求
An anonymous doctor claimed to have killed a 20-year-old cancer patient at her own request.
Rumble on 继续下去
This started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn.
Hardly any 几乎没有
Get sth. over with 把不得不做的事做完（表示一种耐烦）
She‘ll be glad to get the exam over with.
考试结束后她就高兴了。
Far gone 病重
The injured man was fairly far gone by the time the ambulance arrived.
Hold out 持续
How long can the distinction between killing and letting die hold out？
Stand to gain 以职谋权
A man stands to gain from the death of a certain child.
On request 一经要求
Only squeamishness demands a difference between passive and active euthanasia on request……
Intrude on 干涉，介入
It is not clear why the religious objections of others should intrude on his death.
Usher in 预示
By refusing to discuss euthanasia，they usher in something worse.
而拒绝讨论安乐死，将预示着更大的灾难。
Be supposed to 应该
Her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes.
她们所做的也只是按照男主席的方式投一样的票。
Break out of 改变生活方式
Run for …seat 竞选…职位
When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from brooklyn‘s Bedford [5bedfEd] [5bruklin]
Build up 捧某人
Why invest time and effort to build the girl up？
Drop out 退出
Have kids 生孩子
You know she‘ll only drop out of the game to have a couple of kids just about the time we’re ready torun her for mayor.
All the time 一直
Be in for 就要体验到
I‘m just telling you that you are in for a disappointment.
Leave sth. along 不干涉Why don‘t you just leave it alone now？
Break in 插话
“No，he isn‘t，”she broke in.
Let it go 不再（多说、多做）
I thought she was hinting at something but I let it go.
Get into trouble 被捕、陷入困境
Even an experienced climber can get into trouble.
Get away 逃离
But Salina wouldn‘t let him get away so noncommittally.
Hide out 躲藏，到一个没有人能找得到的地方
The gangsters hid out in a remote cabin until it was safe to return to the city. 暴徒们在一个偏僻的小屋中藏了起来，直到能够安全回城
Go for 想要取得
You think he might go for the scholarship？
Check up 检查
Magpie needs some relief from this constant surveillance，constant checking up.
Just about 几乎
Just around 大约
Pick sb. up 逮捕某人
They picked him up for breaking the condition of his parole.
Now and again 偶尔，不时
I like to go to the opera now and again.
Shake out 抖开、抖出
She had taken it out of its box that afternoon，shaken out the moth-powder，given it a good brush.
Snap at 厉声地对某人说
How sweet it was to see them snap at her again from the red eiderdown.
Feel like 想要
Take sth. off 取掉
He sat on the bed to take his boots off.
Go on about 长时间谈论某事
I got tired of him going on about all his problems.
Keep sth. on 继续穿戴某物
You don‘t need to keep your hat on indoors.
在室内不必戴着帽子了。
Dress up 打扮
It was the old offer dressed up as something new.
Rush/come to the/sb‘s rescue 帮助某人
Carol's brother rushes to the rescue and sent her $1000
Come along 出现
Run after 追逐某人
A beautiful woan came along and dropped her bunch of violets，and a little boy ran after to hand them to her.
Flick sth away （轻轻地）弹掉…
Flick the match away
Over and over （again）多次
Knock over sb 撞倒某人
Trot on 小跑而来
Trot off 小跑而去
off （with sb）（对某人）不礼貌，不友好
He was a bit off with me this moring.
他今天早晨对我有些冷淡。
Get to know 认识
But then 不过，然而
Let alone 更不必说
Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if snagged，but then no one would have thought of getting close enough to Mrs. Flowers to ruffle her dress，let alone snag her skin.
她的皮肤黝黑，如果被尖锐的东西弄破，就会像李子一样剥落下来，然而从来没有人会想到走近Mrs. Flowers，去弄皱她的衣服，更不用说去碰她的皮肤了。
Fresh in one‘s memory 记忆犹新
One summer afternoon，sweet-milk fresh in my memory，she stopped at the Store to buy provisions.
令我记忆犹新的是，一个夏天的下午，她来商店买食物。
Hang back犹豫
I hung back in the separate unasked an unanswerable questions.
但是我仍然跟在她的后边，思考着那些既没问起以无法回答的问题。
Bear in mind 记住
But bear in mind，language is man‘s way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals.
Set down 写下、记下
Words mean more than what is set down on paper.
Boggle at 吃惊
Imagination boggle at 难以想象
My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve if in fac-t I did abuse a book of Mrs. Flower‘。
我无法想象如果我真的没好好读Mrs. Flower借给我的书，应当受到什么样的处罚。
Try one‘s hand at 尝试
She warned that she hadn‘t tried her hand at baking sweets for some time.
她说她已经有一段时间没尝试烤甜点了。
Brush off 刷掉，拂去
When I finished the cookies she brushed off the table and brought a thick，small book from the bookcase.
Exchange A for B with sb. 用A和B作交换
He exchanged the black jacket for a blue one with salesman.
Single out 挑选出
I didn‘t question why Mrs. Flowers had singled me out for attention.
Do one‘s heart good 使人感到鼓舞，欢欣
Take to 对…产生好感
That do my heart good to see settled people take to you all.
Trailed off 声音逐渐弱到不出声
Her voice trailed off.
On the order of 大约
equipment costing on the order of a million dollars.
花费近百万美元的设备
in sb‘s place 处于谁的情况
Try to put yourself in my place and think how you would feel.
Get to sb. 影响某人
I has become fashionable to think that，like fast food，fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving，impatient public.
Feed on sth 受到…滋养
Hatred feeds on envy. 因妒生恨。
Think up 想出
She was trying to think up an excuse
This one was very young，with inexperience even in the shape of his mustache which he had shaved too much on the left side.
他非常年轻，从他胡子的形状看，他很缺乏经验，他左侧的胡子乔得太多了。
Number off 报数
Go away 走开
Draw lots 抽签，抓阄
Go by 遵照
We must draw lots，unless it is thought that we should go by ages.
Get off （with sth.）免受处罚
got off scot-free. 逍遥法外
picture sth to oneself 想象或设想某事物
This isn‘t the last draw we shall have，and picture to yourselves what it will be like in this cell if we have a privileged class.
Leave sb/sth out of sth 排除在外
Kidd has been left out of the team.
Have it/things/everything one‘s own way
Have it your own way. 按你的意思办吧
Scrap of paper 纸片
Feel for 摸索，寻找
In one‘s favor 占优势
an error in our favor. 对我方有益的错误
force on sb 勉强某人接受某事物
let sth drop 不再做或提某事（人）
Some men drew the first slip which touched their fingers，others seemed to suspect that fate
would let it drop again an choose another.
Break up 结束
Like a game of cards which has gone on too long，he only wanted someone to make a move and break up the table（game）。
Go over （from…）（to…）从一处到另一处
Draw out 抽出
He went over to his roll of bedding and drew out a writing pad.
他走到他的铺盖卷，拿出一打书写纸。
Saving grace 长处，可取之处
Humor is the saving grace of us.
Depend upon 确信
You may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I fell an overpowering desire for sleep. 我敢说不管一天的什么时候，写不了多少就很想睡觉
A kind of 表示一种不确定性
Just a kind of dream. 可能就是一个梦吧。
Make for 有助于
I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place.
在那儿我的声誉要比在这里好的多。
At once 同时
Plunge …into …进入某种状态
Once in bed，when it is time to close the five ports（五官）of knowledge，most folks I know seem to find no difficulty in plunging their earthly parts into oblivion.
Be given to （sth./doing sth.）有做某事的习惯
He's given to taking long walks.
他非常喜欢长途散步。
Thanks to 由于
Some ski resorts opened early，thanks to a late-October snowstorm.
Take sth to heart 把…放在心上
Take these fables to heart. 用心记住这些故事。
Cast up 计算
…，no casting up the balance of the day‘s pleasure and pain.
Sink into 陷入
leave to （one's）own device 让某人独立处理问题，不支配某人
They sink ，at once，into stupid，heavy slumber，leaving you to your own mental devices.
马上会进入愚蠢的，沉沉的睡眠状态，剩下你自己苦思冥想。
serve turn 适用
The famous old plan of counting sheep jumping over a stile have never serve my turn. （p158）
Come up 偶遇
Make up 捏造，虚构
I have the lonely child‘s habit of making up story and holding conversations with imaginary persons.
Get back恢复
Things will soon get back to normal.
这种情况会马上恢复正常的。
At a time 每次
In so far as 在…范围内
So it is clear what kid of books I wanted to write，in so far as I could be said to want to write books at that time.
Get stuck 卡住，不能动弹
Put aside 抛开
At any rate 无论如何，至少
Put aside the need to earn a living，I think there are four great motives for writing，at any rate for writing prose.
先不说写作是为了谋生，我认为有四种写作动机，至少写散文是这样。
Get one‘s own back on 报复
She wanted to get her own back on Liz for ruining her party.
Store sth. up 储备或储存
A squirrel storing up food for the winter.
Strive after 奋斗
Desire to push the world in a certain direction，to alter other people‘s idea of the kind of society that they should strive after.
Once again 再一次
Free form 没有
Have nothing to do with 与…无关
Once again，no book is genuinely free from political bias. The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is itself a political attitude.
Turn the scale 扭转局面，改变形式
The Spanish war and other events in 1936-1937 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood.
Take side 支持、领袖
It is simply（仅仅、不过）a question of which side one takes and what approach on follow.
In any case 无论如何
In itself 就其本身而言
Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting.
At a loss 茫然，困惑
Most people are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing.
At time 有时
First and foremost 首先
In comparison with 相比之下，比较起来
In comparison to other recent video games，this one isn't very exciting.
At large 整个，总的
In the long run 最后，从长远看
Continuity of purpose is one of the most essential ingredients of happiness in the long run.
Well-to-do 富裕的
Kill time 消磨时间
（As） a matter of course 理所应当的事
We will contact your former employer as a matter of course.
At one‘s best 处于最佳状态
It seems that men are at their best between sixty and seventy.
Not a few 相当多
With/without one‘s knowledge 告知（未告知）某人
He sold the car without his wife‘s knowledge.
他瞒着妻子把汽车卖了。
Get by 离开，通过
He said it would never get by his desk because the Army would rescind the magazine‘s accreditation to cover the war.
Sink in 完全理解
The message begins to sink in.
Not give a damn 毫不在乎
And the mass of people in this country literally don‘t give a damn.
Put on = switch sth on
After all，you can switch off the TV news and put on Dick Van Dyke.
毕竟你可以关掉电视新闻，换上Dick Van Dyke的节目。
So what 就算是我也不在乎
He‘s fifteen years younger than me.
So what if he is？
In the form of 以…的形式
Deal in 沉溺于
But what this country doesn‘t know is that America has created a monster in the form of millions of fighting men who have been taught to deal in violence.
In no way 决不
Stand up for 为某人说话、工作
In a way 在某种程度上
It‘s a distortion because we in no way considered ourselves the “best men”in this country，because those he called misfits were standing up for up in a way nobody else in this country dared to
Tear sth apart 彻底毁灭
Tear this country apart.
Want of 缺乏，不足
We found that too often American men were dying in those rice paddies（稻田）from want of support from out so-called allies.
Blame sth on sb / blame sb for sth
America blamed it all on the Viet Cong.
Hand out 分配某物，分发
Relief workers were handing out emergency rations to the survivors.
Call for 要求
The situation call for prompt action.
形势所迫，必须立即采取行动。
Part and parcel of 重要部分，不可缺少的一部分
Badly off 潦倒，穷困
The diffusion of wealth now permits those of the poor who are less badly off than their father to do the same.
Long since 很久以前
I've long since forgiven her for what she did.
英语语言学名词解释(2)
现代语言学 一绪论 1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants. 3 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.For example,phone,phoneme,and allophone. 4 Morphology :The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher. 5 Syntax : The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.For esample,”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,:The seal could not be found.The zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found,The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 7 Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.For example, “I do” The word do means different context. 8 Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.For example,regional dialects,social variation in language. 9Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 二音系学 1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t. 4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. 6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in complementary distribution. 7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 8 Stress: When a certain syllable of a word is stressed, it means that the syllable is prounced with great force than the other or others. 9 tones: Tones are pitch variation, which are caused by the different rates of vibration of the vocal cords. Pitch variations can distinguish meaning just like phoneme; therefore, the tone is a suprasegemental feature. 10 intonation: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language,especially in a language like English{$isbest} 三形态学 1 morphology: Morphology is a branch of grammer which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 2 inflectional morphology: Inflectional morphology studies the inflections of word-formation.
高级英语第一册单词
Bazaar (n.) (东方国家的)市场，集市cavern (n．) 洞穴，山洞(尤指大洞穴，大山洞) shadowy (adj.)模糊的；朦胧的consonant(音调)和谐的，悦耳的throng (n.)人群；群集conceivable (adj.)可想象的，想得到的din (n.)喧闹声，嘈杂声muted (adj.)(声音)减弱的 vaulted ( adj．)arched穹窿形的；拱形的sepulchral(n．)洞穴，山洞guild ( n．) 互助会；协会trestle (n.)支架；脚手台架；搁凳impinge (v．) 撞击，冲击，冲撞；对具有影响fairyland (n.) 仙境；奇境burnish ( v．)h擦亮；磨光；抛光brazier ( n.)火盆；火钵 dim ( v．)(使)变暗淡；(使)变模糊rhythmic /rhythmical ( adj．)有韵律的；有节奏的bellows (单复同)风箱intricate错综复杂的；精心制作的exotic 奇异的；异常迷人的sumptuous 豪华的；奢侈的；昂贵的maze ( n.) 迷津；迷宫；曲径honeycomb ( v．)使成蜂窝状mosque 清真寺；伊斯兰教堂 caravanserai 东方商队(或旅行队)的客店disdainful ( n.) 轻视的，轻蔑的；傲慢的bale ( n.) 大包，大捆linseed ( n.) 亚麻籽somber ( adj．)阴沉的；昏暗的pulp ( n.) 浆 ramshackle 要倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的．dwarf 使矮小；使无足轻重；使(相形之下)显得渺小；使相形见绌 vat ( n.)大缸；大桶nimble ( adj．) 灵活的；敏捷的girder ( n.)大梁trickle ( n.细流；涓流 ooze ( v．)渗出；慢慢地流runnel小溪；小沟；小槽glisten (v．)(湿的表面或光滑面)反光；闪耀，闪光taut ( adj．)(绳子等)拉紧的，绷紧的thre ad one’s way小心，缓慢地挤过(不断地改变方向) follow suit赶潮流，学样narrow down缩小(范围，数字等) beat down(与卖主)往下砍价 make a point of认为是必要的take a hand帮助，帮忙 throw one’s weight on to (sth．)使劲压在(某物)上set…in motion使…一运动，移动 (选自埃德?凯编播的美国广播节目) 词汇(V ocabulary) reportorial ( adj.)报道的，报告的kimono和服preoccupation ( n.)令人全神贯注的事物 oblivious ( adj.) 忘却的；健忘的(常与of或to连用) bob ( v．) 上下跳动，晃动；行屈膝礼 ritual ( adj.) 仪式的，典礼的facade ( n.)(房屋)正面，门面lurch ( v．)突然向前(或向侧面)倾斜intermezzo ( n.)插曲；间奏曲gigantic ( adj.)巨大的，庞大的，其大无比的usher ( n.)门房；传达员 heave (v．) (费劲或痛苦地)发出(叹息、呻吟声等) barge ( n.) 大驳船；(尤指用于庆典的)大型游艇moor ( v．) 系泊；锚泊arresting (adj.)引人注目的；有趣的beige ( adj.) 米黄色；浅灰黄色的tatami ( n.) 日本人家里铺在地板上的稻草垫，榻榻米 stunning ( adj.) [口]极其漂亮的；极其出色的twinge ( n.) 刺痛，剧痛；痛心，懊悔，悔恨，内疚 slay ( v.) 杀害；毁掉linger ( v．) 苟延；历久犹存agony ( n.) (精神上或肉体上的)极度痛苦 inhibit ( v．) 抑制(感情等)；约束(行动等) spinal ( adj. ) d脊背的；脊柱的；脊髓的 agitated颤抖的；不安的，焦虑的；激动的reverie 梦想；幻想；白日梦heinous极可恨的极可恶的极坏的cataclysm ( n.)灾变(尤指洪水、地震等) demolish ( v拆毁，拆除；破坏，毁坏formaldehyde ( n.)[化]甲醛ether ( n.) [化]醚；乙醚humiliate ( v．)使受辱，使丢脸genetic (adj.)遗传的 have a lump in one’s throat如哽在喉，哽咽(因压制激动的情绪所致，如爱、悲伤等) on one’s mind占领某人的思绪，一直在想的(尤指忧虑的来源) rub shoulders with与(人们)联系，交往 set off:开始(旅行，赛跑等) flash by／alorig／past／through:急速向某方向运动 by trade:以…为谋生之道(尤指以制造某物为业) sink in: (指话语等)完全理解 horde ( n.) 群，人群croquet 槌球游戏luncheon ( n.)午餐；午宴；午餐(聚)会 Nazi (adj. & n.)德国国社党的，纳粹党的；纳粹党党员，纳粹分子cow ( v恫吓，吓唬，威胁indistinguishable ( adj. ) 不能区别的，不能辨别的，难区分的devoid ( adj.) 完全没有的，缺乏的(后接of) excel ( v优于；胜过ferocious ( adj.)凶猛的，残忍的；凶恶的unsay ( v)取消(前言)；收回(前言)
全新版大学英语单词英英释义
Abrupt 1.marked by sudden changes in subject and sharp transitions "abrupt prose" 同义词：disconnected 2.exceedingly sudden and unexpected "came to an abrupt stop"; " an abrupt change in the weather" 3.extremely steep "an abrupt canyon" 同义词：precipitous sharp 4.surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner "an abrupt reply Affluent 1.an affluent person; a person who is financially well off "the so-called emerging affluents" 2. a branch that flows into the main stream 同义词：feeder tributary confluent adj. having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value "an affluent banker" 同义词：flush loaded moneyed wealthy attain [ 'tein ] v. 1.to gain with effort 同义词：achieve accomplish reach 2.reach a point in time, or a certain state or level 同义词：reach hit 3.find unexpectedly 同义词：fall upon strike come upon light upon chance upon come across chance on happen upon discover 4.reach a destination, either real or abstract
专业术语英语整理
The term “enzyme” was coined by Wilhelm Kuhne.创造 crystallized 结晶centrifugal supernatant 离心上清液 were used to imitate enzymes mesoporous介孔材料，多孔 DMF-2甲基甲酰胺 Polymer with enzyme-like activity 聚合物 noble-metal nanoclusters 贵金属纳米团簇 In the presence of dopamine在多巴胺的存在下 Molecularly imprinted polymers were invented by 分子印迹聚合物 Nano ceria as superoxide dismutase mimic. 纳米二氧化铈作为超氧化物歧化酶模拟。 peroxidase mimic. 过氧化物模拟酶catalase,过氧化氢酶 Nano ceria as catalase and oxidase mimic纳米二氧化铈过氧化氢酶和氧化酶模拟
metal sulfide 硫化物 cobalt porphyri n钴 manganese锰facile温和的 chemicals and reagent s化学药品和试剂syring注射器 thioacetamide 硫代乙酰胺 stretching vibration 伸缩振动峰 carbonyl group羰基 aromatic acid 芳香酸 calibration curve 校准线 have been extensively explored to mimic the structures and functions of natural enzymes through various approaches.and several monographs andnumerous excellent reviews have been published have been found to exhibit unexpected enzyme-like Although the progress and achievements of classic artificial enzymes have been thoroughly reviewed in the literature, no comprehensive review has been devoted to nanozymes we discuss the current challenges facing nanozyme technologies and future directions to realize their great potential. 新方法 Hybrid materials（杂化材料） formed by incorporating inorganicmaterials into a polymeric matrix have even more promisingadvantages, such as novel
英语语言学名词解释
Chapter 12 : Lan guage And Brain 1. n euroli nguistics: It is the study of relati on ship betwee n brain and Ian guage. It in eludes research into how the structure of the brain in flue nces Ian guage lear ning, how and in which parts of the brain Ian guage is stored, and how damage to the brain affects the ability to use Ian guage. 2. psycholinguistics: ____ t he study of Ian guage process in g. It is concerned with the processes of Ian guage acqisiti on, comprehe nsion and product ion. 3. brain lateralizati on: The localizatio n of cog nitive and perceptive fun cti ons in a particular hemisphere of the brain. 4. dichotic listening: A technique in which stimuli either linguistic or non-linguistic are presented through headphones to the left and right ear to determine the lateralization of cog nitive fun cti on. 5. right ear advantage: ___ The phe nomenon that the right ear shows an adva ntage for the perception of linguistic signals id known as the right ear advantage. 6. split brain studies: The experiments that investigate the effects of surgically severing the corpus callosum on cog niti on are called as split brain studies. 7. aphasia: It refers to a number of acquired Ianguage disorders due to the cerebral lesions caused by a tumor, an accide nt and so on. 8. non- flue nt aphasia: Damageto parts of the brain in front of the cen tral sulcus is called non-flue nt aphasia. 9. flue nt aphasia: Damage to parts of the left cortex beh ind the cen tral sulcus results in a type of aphasia called flue nt aphasia. 10. Acquired dyslexia: Damage in and around the an gular gyrus of the parietal lobe ofte n causes the impairment of reading and writing ability, which is referred to as acquired dyslexia. 11. phono logical dyslexia: ___ it is a type of acquired dyslexia in which the patie nt seems to have lost the ability to use spelli ng-to-so und rules. 12. surface dyslexia: it is a type of acquired dyslexia in which the patie nt seems un able to recog nize words as whole but must process all words through a set of spell in g-to-so und rules. 13. spo on erism: a slip of ton gue in which the positi on of soun ds, syllables, or words is reversed, for example, Let' s have chish and fips instend of Let' s have fish and chips. 14. prim ing: the process that before the participa nts make a decisi on whether the stri ng of letters is a word or not, they are prese nted with an activated word. 15. freque ncy effect: Subjects take less time to make judgeme nt on freque ntly used words tha n to judge less com monly used words . This phe nomenon is called freque ncy effect.
高级英语词汇汇总
1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更 2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生，爆裂 3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of) 4.blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸，炸掉 5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽 6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的 7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出 9.slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略 10.slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片 11.bacteria n. 细菌 12.breed n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔 13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排 14.candidate n. 候选人 15.campus n. 校园 16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换 18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递 19.transplant v. 移植 20.transport vt. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具 21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变 22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化 23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见 24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子 25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心 26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ee10376403.html,d a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的 28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的 29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物） 30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的 31.accelerate vt. 加速，促进 32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的 33.boundary n. 分界线，边界 34.brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车） 35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目 36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的 37.vain n. 徒劳，白费 38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的 39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的 40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分 41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因 42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精
英语-名词解释
名词 英语语法分为词法和句法，分别是研究词类和句子的。英语共有十大词类，他们分别是名词、动词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。我们会在以后的课程中一一学习。对名词的考查，通常会与主谓一致、名词的修饰词（有的只可以修饰可数名词，有的只可以修饰不可数名词）等结合起来进行考查。名词的辨析、可数与不可数、同一名词的可数与不可数的不同意义，名词的一些习惯表达法都是考查的要点。本讲重点对名词几个常见考点进行剖析。 1.名词的意义：从英语语法角度讲，表示人物、时间、地点、事物或抽象概念的词我们通常都称其为名词。例如chairman Shanghai milk physics 等。 2.名词的种类：总体上我们将英语中的名词分为 两大类专有名词 普通名词
专有名词 个体名词可数名词 名词集体名词 普通名词物质名词 抽象名词不可数名词 (A)专有名词：表示人或物所特有的名字，通常是人名、地名、书 报刊名、团体组织、机关名称等。例如Tom ,Beijing University , the United Nations. 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 (B)普通名词：表示一类人、事物、物质或是表示一个抽象概念的 名词。例如 worker ,TV pen 等,普通名词可以分为以下四类： (1)个体名词：表示单个的人或单个的事物的名词。Chair car (2) 集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称的名词。Class army police 由于本身就是复数意义，通常不再通过加-s变成复数，但是在主谓一致关系中要看是否表示整体，如果强调的是组成 该集体的个体概念时谓语动词用复数，如果表示整体要用单数，具 体情况见主谓一致部分的讲解。
大学英语语言学期末考试名词解释和论述答案
名词解释 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ee10376403.html,petence and Performance: The distinction is discussed by the American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950’s. Competence----the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. Performance----the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. (American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950’s proposed the distinction between competence and performance. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. This internalized set of rules enables the language user to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous. According to Chomsky, performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Although the speaker’s knowledge of his mother tongue is perfect, his performances may have mistakes because of social and psychological factors such as stress, embarrassment, etc.. Chomsky believes that what linguists should study is the competence, which is systematic, not the performance, which is too haphazard. ) 2.Sociolinguistics: is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.( It is a field of study that assumes that human society is made up of many related patterns and behaviors, some of which are linguistic.) https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ee10376403.html,nguage Acquisition: refers to t he child’s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community. (Language acquisition is concerned with language development in humans. In general, language acquisition refers to children’s devel opment of their first language, that is, the native language of the community in which a child has been brought up.) 4.the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is a theory put forward by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf (and also a belief held by some scholars). It states that the way people view the world is determined wholly or partly by the structure of their native language. (2) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts, i.e. linguistic determinism and relativism. Whorf proposed first that all higher levels of thinking are dependent on language. Or put it more bluntly, language determines thought, i.e. the notion of linguistic determinism. Because languages differ in many ways, Whorf also believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experience the world differently, i.e. relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of linguistic relativism. 5.Phrase structure rule: The grammatical mechanism that regulates the arrangement of elements that make up a phrase is called a phrase structure rule, such as: NP →(Det) + N +(PP)……e.g. those people, the fish on the plate, pretty girls. VP →(Qual) + V + (NP)……e.g. always play games, finish assignments. AP →(Deg) + A + (PP)……very handsome, very pessimistic, familiar with, very close to PP →(Deg) + P + (NP)……on the shelf, in the boat, quite near the station.
高级英语词汇汇总
1 v. 改变，改动，变更 2 . 突然发生，爆裂 3 . 除掉；处置；解决；处理() 4 n. 爆炸；气流 . 炸，炸掉 5 v. 消耗，耗尽 6 v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的 7 v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃 8 v. 溢出，溅出，倒出 9 v. 滑动，滑落；忽略 10 v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片 11 n. 细菌 12 n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔 13 n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排 14 n. 候选人 15 n. 校园 16 a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的 17 v. 转变，变革；变换 18 v. 传播，播送；传递 19 v. 移植 20 . 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具 21 v. 转移；转动；转变 22 v. 变化，改变；使多样化 23 . 消灭，不见 24 v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子 25 n. 怀疑，疑心 26 a. 怀疑的，可疑的 27 a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的 28 a. 温柔的；脆弱的 29 n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物） 30 a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的 31 . 加速，促进 32 a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的 33 n. 分界线，边界 34 n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车） 35 n. 目录（册）v. 编目 36 a. 模糊的，不明确的 37 n. 徒劳，白费 38 a. 绝灭的，熄灭的 39 a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的 40 a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分 41 n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因 42 n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精
43 . 呼吁，恳求 44 . 重视，赏识，欣赏 45 v. 赞成，同意，批准 46 . 刺激，激励 47 . 取得，获得；学到 48 .完成，到达；实行 49 n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络 50 n. 潮汐；潮流 51 a. 整洁的，整齐的 52 . 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹 53 . 拷打，折磨 54 . 漫游，闲逛 55 n. 蜡 56 v. 织，编 57 v. 保护，保存，保持，维持 61. v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂 62. a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的 63. n. （高等）专科院校；学会 64. n. 电池（组） 65. n. 障碍；棚栏 66. n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物 67. n. 生涯，职业 68. n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管 69. a. 垂直的 70. v. 迫使，责成；使感激 71. a. 阴暗，模糊 72. n. 程度，范围，大小，限度 73. n. 外部，外表a. 外部的，外表的 74. a. 外部的，外表的，外面的 75. n. 汽油 76. n. 石油 77. . 推迟，延误，耽搁 78. . 腐烂，腐朽 79. a. 像样的，体面的 80. n. 路；路线；航线 81. v. 毁坏，破坏n. 毁灭，[.]废墟 82. n. 缘故，理由 83. n. 卫星 84. n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度 85. n. 庙宇 86. a. 乏味道，单调的， 87. .易于，趋向 88. n.趋向，趋势 89. a. 极端的，最大的，最终的n. 极端
新概念英文单词英文解释
Instead in place of, or as an alternative to; Smart very clever Carry If you carry something, you take it with you, holding it so that it does not touch the ground Correct if something is correct, it is in accordance with the facts and has no mistakes. Intelligent a person or animal that is intelligent has the ability to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well. Mistake If you make a mistake, you do something which you did not intend to do, or which produces a result that you do not want. Present A present is something that you give to someone, for example at Christmas or when you visit them. Dictionary A dictionary is a book in which the words and phrases of a language are listed alphabetically, together with their meanings or their translations in another language. Expensive if something is expensive, it costs a lot of money. Fresh A fresh thing or amount replaces or is added to a previous thing or amount. Stale, stale food is no longer fresh or good to eat. Sour something that is sour has a sharp, unpleasant taste like the taste of a lemon. Soft something that is soft is pleasant to touch, and not rough or hard. Exam An exam is a formal test that you take to show your knowledge or ability in a particular subject, or to obtain a qualification. Fail if you fail to do something that you were trying to do, you are unable to do it or do not succeed in doing it. Cheer If you are cheered by something, it makes you happier or less worried. Difficult something that is difficult is not easy to do, understand, or deal with.
环境科学专业英语名词解释
【环境】相对于某中心事物而言的周围境况。与某一中心事物有关的周围事物，就是这个事物的环境。 【生态环境】生态环境指生物体周围的其他生物和无机自然界，以及与作为主体的生物之间存在着种种客观的生存、营养关系和因果关系。 【环境科学】环境科学是研究人类与环境之间相互关系的科学，涉及自然科学、社会科学和技术科学，综合性很强。 【人类生态系统】人类生态系统，是指居民与其生存环境相互作用的网络结构，也是人类对自然环境适应、加工、改造而建造起来的人工生态系统。 【恒星】由炽热气体组成的、能自己发光的天体,维持恒星辐射的能源主要是热核反应。 因短期内很难发现它们位置的相对变化,故名恒星。 【脉冲星】脉冲星，就是一种变化的恒星。因为这种星体不断地发射短暂而极有规律的电磁脉冲信号 【新星】光度突然增加的爆发性恒星。 【行星】行星指的是围绕太阳运转、自身引力足以克服其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状、并且能够清除其轨道附近其他物体。 【卫星】围绕行星运行的天体。卫星本身不发光，大小、质量相差极大，运动特性很不一致。【星云】星云银河系内太阳系以外一切非恒星状的气体尘埃云。 【地球】地球是太阳的从里往外数第三颗行星，距太阳大约有150000000公里。地球每365.256 天绕太阳运行一圈，每23.9345小时自转一圈。它的直径为12756公里，只比金星大了一百多公里。 【高原】海拔高程在600m以上，表面较为平坦或略有起伏，四周常有崖壁与较低的地形单元分界。 【丘陵】地表起伏不大、山峦林立的低矮地形 【平原】地势宽广平坦，或略有起伏。海拔高程在200m以下的称为低平原。 【盆地】四周是高原或山地，中央低平的地区，外形似盆而得名。 【地球自转】地球绕其本身轴线的旋转运动。与太阳系的大多数行星一样，自转的方向是自西向东,从从北极上空向下看，为逆时针旋转 【太阳日】以太阳作参照，地球上的任意一点连续两次经过地心与太阳圆面中心连线的时间间隔，其长度是24小时。 【太阴日】月球作为参照，地球上任意一点连续两次经过地心与月球圆面中心连线的时间间隔，其长度是24小时50分。 【自转线速度】线速度是指地球上某点在单位时间内绕地轴所转过的线距离 【自转角速度】除南北两极外，地球各处的角速度都相同，平均角速度大约为每日360°，或每小时15°。 【赤道】地球绕轴自转，称自转轴，亦称地轴。地轴与地球表面的交点，称地球两极。过地轴中点且垂直于地轴的平面与地球表面的交线，称为赤道。 【地球公转】地球沿一定轨道围绕太阳的运动，称为公转。从地球北极高空看来，地球的公转方向也是自西向东，呈逆时针方向。 【近日点、远日点】每年大约1月3日，地球最接近太阳，此时的位置称为近日点；大致7月4日，地球最远离太阳，此时的位置称为远日点。 【春分点秋分点】赤道面与天球相交的大圆，叫天赤道，黄道面与天球相交的大圆，称为黄道。天赤道与黄道有两交点，分别为春分点和秋分点；春分点与秋分点之间的两个中点分别称为夏至点和冬至点 【黄赤交角】地球的公转轨道面．叫黄道面，是通过地心的一个平面，和地轴成66°34′