2020中考——初中英语常见动词短语和近义词辨析整理归纳

动词+介词 laugh at 嘲笑 point at 指着 worry about 担忧 agree with 赞成 ask for 请求 talk about 谈论

pick up 捡起 grow up 长大 look out 当心 stay up 熬夜

动词+名词 make progress 取得进步 make faces 做鬼脸 动词+名词+介词 make friends with... 和……交朋友

动词+副词+介词 stay away from 远离 get along with 进展；处理 动词+介词+名词 go to school go to bed

take up 占据；开始做…. take away 带走；拿走 take off 起飞；脱掉

take down 写下；记下；拆除 take out 拿出；切除 take place 发生 take care of 照顾

参加 make a decision 作出决定 make a mistake 犯错 make a living 谋生

keep out 留在外面

keep up with 并驾齐驱；跟上 keep away from 远离 keep in touch 保持联系

保持健康 give up 放弃 give in 屈服；让步 give away 捐赠 give out 散发；分发

give off 发出（光、热等）

get to 到达 get up 起床；起来 get over 克服 get on 上车 get off 下车 get together 相聚

为……作准备 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭

turn up 开大；调高；出现 turn down 调低；关小 turn in 上交

结果是…… put up 搭建；张贴 put on 穿上；上演 put off 推迟；拖延 put out 熄灭

put away 把……收起来 put down 写下；记下 put up with 容忍

look at看

look for寻找

look after照顾；照料look up查阅

look through浏览

环顾

go on继续

go back回到

go away走开；离开

go by（时间）流逝

go over仔细检查

go off熄灭；离开

come over突然感到

come along出现；跟随

come out出现；出版；开花

come on加油；快点

come up with 想出

三个(be) used to

be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事，此时to是介词，后跟动词ing形式。

used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事

be used to do sth.被用来做某事

三个“到达”get get to+地点名词

reach 及物动词，后面可跟地点名词

arrive in+大地点（名词）at+小地点（名词）

三个“借”borrow 非延续性动词，表示主语“借入”，常用搭配borrow sth.from sb.

lend非延续性动词，表示主语“借出”，常用搭配lend sth.to sb.

keep延续性动词，表示“长时间的借”。

三个“穿”dress dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb.up打扮某人

put on 穿上，戴上，表示动作

wear穿着；戴着，表示状态

四个“看”see “看见”，表示结果

look “看”，表示动作，是不及物动词，后面需加介词at才能跟宾语

watch “观看（比赛、电视）

read “看（书、报纸）”，表示阅读

四个“拿”bring “带来，拿来”，表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”

take “拿去，带走”，表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”

carry “扛，搬，用力移动”，没有方向

fetch “去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿东西”

四个“说”speak 作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言

say 常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容

talk 是不及物动词，长根介词to 和with，意为“同……谈话”，也表示具有说话的能力

tell 意为“告诉”，与story连用意为“讲故事”

四个“花费”spend 人作主语，表示花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in) doing sth.

cost物作主语，意为“某物花费多少钱”

take可用于固定句型表示花费一段时间做某事，其结构为：

It +takes/ took+一段时间+to do sth.

pay 与介词for连用

两个“找”look for 强调寻找的过程

find 强调找到、发现的结果

两个“听”listen to listen为不及物动词，与to组成固定搭配，强调听的动作

hear 强调听到的结果

四个有关“输、赢”lose 意为“输给”某人，固定搭配为lose to sb.

fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事”

beat 意为“打败”，后接sb.或某支队伍

win 意为“赢得”，如：赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等

三个“参加”join 一般指佳人苑“党派”或“组织”，如参军、入党等

take part in 指参加聚会或活动

attend 一般指出席会议，参加考试，入学等

四个“变化”turn 一般用于颜色的变化

get 天变黑、变长或变短

become 天气变暖或变冷等，表示渐变

grow 形状变大或变小

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