英语文献综述样本威尼斯商人
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（标题Times New Roman三号加粗）
The Literature Review
of
The Mystery of Antonio’s Sadness in The Merchant of Venice （正文用Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，各段首行空4个字符，书名用斜体加粗）
Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy (more specifically, as a "Christian comedy") and as one of the Bard's problem plays; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved.
In The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare wove together two ancient folk tales, one involving a vengeful, greedy creditor trying to exact a pound of flesh, the other involving a marriage suitor's choice among three chests and thereby winning his (or her) mate. Shakespeare's treatment of the first standard plot scheme centers around the villain of Merchant, the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who seeks a literal pound of flesh from his Christian opposite, the generous, faithful Antonio. Shakespeare's version of the chest-choosing device revolves around the play's Christian heroine Portia, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shylock's horrid legal suit. Antonio, as the title character, is sad from the beginning to the end of the play but never names the cause of his melancholy even when his friends ask him. Antonio plays the role as an outcast in the play. Shakespeare uses Antonio’s sadness simply as the device to set the tragic tone in the comedy or make Antonio be one of his melancholic characters in his works? Or Antonio is the representative of the complicated human nature? Antonio's unexplained melancholy is a significant element in understanding the play.
1. Studies on The Merchant of V enice（Times New Roman + 四号+首缩进4字符，下同）
Karl Marx once cited that Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world.
Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice is one of the most influential comedies in his works. Shylock has mostly been the center of the research on the play.The Merchant of Venice was first printed in 1600 in quarto, of which nineteen copies survive. This was followed by a 1619 printing, and later an inclusion in the First Folio in 1623. The play was written shortly after Christopher Marlowe’s immensely popular Jew of Malta (1589), a play wherein a Jew named Barabas plays a greatly exaggerated villain. The portrayal of Shakespeare's Jew was and remained comic until the late 1700s at which time he was first played as a true villain. In 1814 Shylock’s role was depicted as a character to be pitied, and in 1879 he was first portrayed as a tragic character. Subsequent interpretations have varied greatly over the years, but since World War II he has most often been conceived of as tragic. The Merchant of Venice has been described as a great commentary on the nature of racial and religious interactions.
2. Deficiencies of Previous Studies on the Mystery of Antonio’s Sadness in The Merchant of V enice
The title character, Antonio, begins the play intriguingly: "In sooth, I know not why I am so sad; / It wearies me" (I.i.1-2). Much ink has been spilled with conjectures about Antonio's melancholy: that he's simply melancholic of temperament, that his devotion to Bassanio is homoerotic and the news that this friend seeks to marry has depressed him (Antonio is a name Shakespeare uses also in Twelfth Night for a character with an intense devotion to another male), or that he has an "ominous foreboding" about the events that will transpire in the course of this play. Although those pioneers aroused people to think much of The Merchant of Venice and left us invaluable and systematic reference, and made many achievements in description and explanation of the cause of Antonio’s sadness, there remain many deficiencies.
First, The Merchant of Venice, which is co nsidered to be one of Shakespeare’s four great comedies, actually functions as Shakespeare's farewell to comedy. Antonio is one of Shakespeare’s melancholic characters. Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice is undermining all that passes for comic entertainment. Shakespeare uses Antonio’s
sadness as a device to set the tragic tone in the comic atmosphere.
Second, a lot of issues that are argued about regarding The Merchant of Venice can be considerably clarified if we know something about the audience it was written for. In the modern, post-Holocaust readings of the play, the problem of anti-Semitism in the play has been discussed a lot. Given that Antonio decides not to seize Shylock’s goods as punishment, we might consider Antonio to be merciful. But we may also question whether it is merciful to return to Shylock half of his goods, only to take away his religion and his profession. Antonio’s compassion seems to stem as much from self-interest as from concern for his fellow man. Shakespeare thus shows a balance of prejudice on both sides. The question whether Antonio is a homosexual in love with Bassanio can also interpreted differently.
5. Conclusion
Despite the researches already done and achievements already made on the subject, many frontiers are still waiting to be explored. On the basis of the previous researches by forerunners and adopting new approaches we are to make a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of this subject. We don't mean to suggest that other ways of looking at the play are "wrong." In fact, one of the things that is so great about Shakespeare is that there are so many different ways of interpreting his plays that all work.
References （Times New Roman四号加粗）
参考文献不应少于10条，参考文献应按英文26个字母的顺序排列，先列外文文献后列中文文献，中文用宋体小四，外文用Times New Roman小四。期刊论文标记为[J]，专著为[M]，论文集为[C]，论文集收录的论文为[A]，博士论文为[D]，词典为[Z]。另起页附于文末。
参考文献例如：
[1] Brown, D. H. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching [M].Langman, 2000.
[2] Chomsky, N. Syntactic Structure[M].TheHague:Mouton,1957.
[3] Ellis, R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition [M].OUP,1994.
[4] Gass, S. Integrating Research Areas: A Framework for Second Language Studies
[J].AppliedLinguisties,1988(9):198-217.
[5] 程琪龙. 认知语言学概论[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001.
[6] 蓝纯. 从认知角度看汉语的空间隐喻[J]. 外语教学与研究，1999（4）.
….
[9] 王寅. 认知语言学的哲学基础:体验哲学[J]. 外语教学与研究2002(2).
[10] 赵艳芳. 认知语言学概论[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001.
浙江财经学院毕业论文
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（标题用日文明朝体三号）
レイチェル?カーソンの『沈黙の春』について
この本は、アメリカの海洋生物学者、レイチェル?カーソンが、1960年代のアメリカにおける工業化が人類の健康に与える被害について警鐘を鳴らすために書いた本である。（正文用日文明朝体小四号，1.5倍行距）
１．『沈黙の春』についての概要（日文明朝体小四号，1.5单倍行距，下同）
ここでは、まず彼女が作家ではなく、科学者としての立場でこの本を書いたということを強調しておきたい。
本の中で重要なキーワードとして、農薬のＤＤＴが挙げられる。彼女は科学者として、この薬品の有毒性を指摘すると共に、万民に分かりやすく、自然環境の変化と結びつけ、物語を展開している。
2．ＤＤＴと自然との関係について
彼女はまず、「ある日突然、鳥のさえずりが聞こえなくなった???」というくだりから始めている。これは、後に物語を展開するに当たり、重要なキーワードとなる。
ＤＤＴとは、農薬の一種であるのは先に述べたとおりであるが、後に彼女が何に対して最も警鐘を鳴らしているかについては、徐々に明らかになってくる。
…………
５．結論
結論として、彼女が警鐘を鳴らしているのは、環境の変化、ひいては、工業化で増えた、工場から出る有害な物質が、人間にどれほどの被害をもたらすかということなのだ。この現象は、後に日本の1970年代における公害問題を思い起こさせるものである。
環境問題は、人類最大の課題の一つであるが、彼女の祖国であるアメリカは、まだ京都議定書に調印していないという現実がある。彼女の50年来の望みは、いつ叶えられるのであろうか。
(参考文献单独一页)
参考文献
参考文献不应少于10条。参考文献应按英文26个字母的顺序、日文五十音图顺序排列，先列外文文献后列中文文献，中文用宋体小四，英文用Times New Roman小四，日文用明朝体小四号，期刊论文标记为[J]，专著为[M]，论文集为[C]，论文集收录的论文为[A]，博士论文为[D]，词典为[Z]。参考文献另起页附于文末。
例如：
[1]阿部治『子どもと環境教育』、東海大学出版社、1993
[2]群馬県教育研究所連盟『実践的研究のすすめ方』、東洋館出版社、1994
[3]クリストファー?フレイヴィン『地球環境データブック（2002-03）』、家
の光協会、2002
[4]志村明彦「英語から日本語へのプラグマスティック?トランスファー」、『日
本語教育』79号、1993
[5] 程琪龙. 认知语言学概论[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001
[6] 蓝纯. 从认知角度看汉语的空间隐喻[J]. 外语教学与研究，1999（4）
…
[9] 王寅. 认知语言学的哲学基础:体验哲学[J]. 外语教学与研究2002(2)
[10] 赵艳芳. 认知语言学概论[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
英文文献综述样本 威尼斯商人
毕业论文 （或毕业设计） 文献综述 文献综述题目 （中文小二号黑体居中或英文Times New Roman小二号加粗居中或日文明朝体小二号加粗） 学生姓名指导教师 二级学院专业名称 班级学号 年月日
（标题Times New Roman三号加粗） The Literature Review of The Mystery of Antonio’s Sadness in The Merchant of Venice （正文用Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，各段首行空4个字符，书名用斜体加粗） Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy (more specifically, as a "Christian comedy") and as one of the Bard's problem plays; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. In The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare wove together two ancient folk tales, one involving a vengeful, greedy creditor trying to exact a pound of flesh, the other involving a marriage suitor's choice among three chests and thereby winning his (or her) mate. Shakespeare's treatment of the first standard plot scheme centers around the villain of Merchant, the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who seeks a literal pound of flesh from his Christian opposite, the generous, faithful Antonio. Shakespeare's version of the chest-choosing device revolves around the play's Christian heroine Portia, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shylock's horrid legal suit. Antonio, as the title character, is sad from the beginning to the end of the play but never names the cause of his melancholy even when his friends ask him. Antonio plays the role as an outcast in the play. Shakespeare uses Antonio’s sadness simply as the device to set the tragic tone in the comedy or make Antonio be one of his melancholic characters in his works? Or Antonio is the representative of the complicated human nature? Antonio's unexplained melancholy is a significant element in understanding the play. 1. Studies on The Merchant of V enice（Times New Roman + 四号+首缩进4字符，下同） Karl Marx once cited that Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world.
综述格式及外文文献利用
如对您有帮助，请购买打赏，谢谢您！ 如何利用外文文献 文献综述是揭示某一研究领域当前水平和动向的论述性专题资料。它是作者围绕某一主题阅读大量的中外文献后，提取说明主题的论点和数据，全面分析、整理、归纳概括而写成的科技论文。对于大多数写作者而言，难度最大的就是借鉴外文文献。以下是笔者在这方面的一点粗浅体会。 无论是手检还是机检获得的外文文献，往往篇幅较长，专业词汇较多，全篇精读需要耗费大量时间，因此最好是先将手头上的文献摘要大致浏览一遍，进行粗略分类，比如文献是属于临床病例分析，动物实验研究还是临床人体实验研究。文献是属于综述、期刊论文还是研究报告。文献侧重于实验方法还是疾病的病因机理的研究等等。从而大致判断各类文献可以引用的是观点、方法还是结论，此为借鉴外文文献的第一步。 第二步是逐类进行快速阅读，各类文章择其重点引用部分进行快速阅读，用记号笔标记，其余部分浏览即可，并在侧边的空白处简要用中文翻译大意，并注明是引用方法学还是论点，或是临床有意义的病例。这样做的目的是方便日后查询。例如侧重引用其观点的文章中间具体的实验方法步骤与结论都可不看，只略看前言，重点看讨论。 第三步是精读，精读的目的有3个:（1）按照类别逐字逐句地阅读重点引用部分，例如方法学，就应注意分析比较各种方法的主、客观条件，步骤及结论有无差异，各有什么利弊，为什么。( 2)“查漏补缺”：看前面第二步中漏掉的部分有没有值得引用的内容，如果有，及时做好标记；( 3)根据重点引用内容的角标追溯参考文献，筛选出重点，再补查其余外文文献，尽量查全该领域的文献。 综述的写作格式 综述的写作格式一般包括四部分，即前言、正文、小结、参考文献。 前言，要用简明扼要的文字说明写作的目的、必要有关概念的定义、综述的范围、阐述有关问题的现状和动态以及目前对主要问题争论的焦点等。 正文，是综述的重点，主要包括论据和论证两个部分，正文部分根据内容的多少可分为若干个小标题分别论述。 小结，是在综述正文部分作扼要的总结，作者应对各种观点进行综合评价，提出自己的看法，指出存在的问题及今后发展的方向和展望。 综述的写作 1.1 文献综述的概念：文献综述是指在有针对性的搜集、查阅大量相关文献的基础上，通过自己的语言对所研究的问题进行系统、全而的叙述和评论。强调作者述而不评，重点在
英语师范生毕业论文 文献综述
The Revelation of the Western Maritime Literature’ Vicissitude 姓名：叶牡丹学号：2010520070 班级：1013 Literature Review The Western Maritime Literature In the western countries, from the 17th to the 19th century, there are producing a large number of literary works, which relate to sea or take sea as a description object. From a special angle, presenting the relationship between human and sea ,human and nature ,and various understanding of human’ own po wer at that time , all of these providing a kind of special literary reading. However ,after entering the 21st century ,when human conquer ocean and nature rapidly ,we lost the wonderful imagination of ocean ,and no longer take ocean as a medium to express human’s good qualities .We divert the attention to the damages done by human to the sea . The Western Maritime Literature shift from passionate to cool style .This change is worth literary studying and the common concern of the social studies. Due to the kinship with the ocean, man has always taken the ocean as the aesthetic object and included it into the reflections upon history. The sea, one of the important regions of the Western, has become the common subject and theme in the Western literature. Sea literature as an important type of Western literature makes the ocean as a background or the narrative object, of reflects the relationship among ocean and human by describing shipping and island life. Western sea literature consisting of numerous outstanding works, distinctive artistic characteristics, a wide range of literary influence, such as The Old Man and the Sea ,Moby Dick, Robinson Crusoe and Leagues Under the Sea and so on,has a long historical tradition and profound cultural significance. Western sea novel occupies a prominent place in Western literature; to some extent, it represents the highest level of the Western sea literature. Sea literature is an important component in Western literature as well as an indispensable part of the literary canon. No matter as a geographical area for production, living, transportation and colonization, or a cultural symbol of mystery, fortune, power, conquering, and promise, the sea plays a constructive part in sustaining and enriching Western literature. The large number of sea literature not only enriches narrative aesthetics, but also contributes to the molding of national character and culture. However, t here is not a clear definition of “sea literature” or “maritime literature” in
《威尼斯商人》的读后感-最新范文
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英语专业文献综述 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
Y i b i n U n i v e r s i t y 2015届本科毕业论文文献综述 题目_翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 二级学院外国语学院 专业英语 学生姓名简汝梦 学号年级 2011级 指导教师徐文英职称讲师 年月日 文献综述 翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 Study on the Translation Strategies of English Prepositions Based on Skopos Theory 摘要：英语介词使用频率高，搭配能力强，含义灵活，因此在翻译中属于比较难以处理的一种词类。目的论论者认为翻译是有明确的目的和意图，在译者的作用
下，以原文文本为基础的跨文化的人类交际活动。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法。目的论的提出为英语介词的汉译提供了可靠的指导。本文将目的论引入到介词翻译中，认为在目的论原则的指导下，英语介词的汉译可通过加词、减词、分译、转译等策略来达到较好的翻译效果以及更好地实现翻译目的。 关键词：英语介词；翻译；目的论 导言：随着时代的发展，以及中国入世的大好形势的出现，汉语与英语在世界上似乎显得同等重要，所以将这两种语言互相转化是我们越来越重要的任务。在英语中，英语介词数量不多，但其构成的介词短语在英语中的出现频率很高，功能多样且位置灵活，对构成句子具有重要作用，因此对于英语介词的翻译策略问题一直深受广大翻译学者的关注。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的论者认为翻译是一种有目的的活动，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法，即“目的决定论”。目的论的提出为英语介词汉译提供了有效的指导。因此，译者若能熟练掌握翻译目的和翻译方法，则能译出高质量的译文。鉴于此，本文先是阐述各大专家对于英语介词翻译以及翻译目的论的已有研究和探索，并结合笔者自己的观点加以评述；然后以此综述在翻译目的论指导下研究英语介词的汉译策略是个切实可行的手段；最后预测此观点的发展前景一定是光明受欢迎的。 历史发展：对于翻译目的论的发展历程，笔者在总结各前辈的资料中得出：在20世纪70年代，功能主义翻译理论兴起于德国，其四大代表性人物及其理论是: 凯瑟林娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)的功能主义翻译批评理论(functional category
英语论文文献综述精编版
英语论文文献综述精编 版 MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】
How to Write a Literature Review ? I. The definition of Literature Review 文献综述（Literautre Review）是科研论文中重要的文体之一。它以作者对各种 文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础，就某个专题的历史背景、前人的工 作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。通过阅读文 献综述，科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信 息，了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。 II. The purposes of literature review And Its Components A. The Purposes On the one hand, it helps you broaden the view and perspective of the topic for your graduation thesis. On the other hand, it helps you narrow down the topic and arrive at a focused research question. B. Its Components There are six parts in a complete Literature Review. 标题与作者(title and author) 摘要与关键词(abstract and key words) 引言(introduction) 述评(review) 结论(conclusion) 参考文献(references) III. Classification of Source Materials How can we locate the materials relevant to our topics better and faster? Basically, all these source materials may be classified into four majors of sources. A: Background sources: Basic information which can usually be found in dictionaries and encyclopedia complied by major scholars or founders of the field. Three very good and commonly recommenced encyclopedias are encyclopedias ABC, namely, Encyclopedia Americana, Encyclopedia Britannica, and Collier’s Encyclopedia. There are also reference works more specialized, such as The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics for linguistics and TEFL studies. Moreover, you may also find Encyclopedia on the web. B: Primary sources Those providing direct evidence, such as works of scholars of the field, biographies or autobiographies, memoirs, speeches, lectures, diaries, collection of letters, interviews, case studies, approaches, etc. Primary sources come in various shapes and sizes, and often you have to do a little bit of research about the source to make sure you have correctly identified it. When a first search yields too few
威尼斯商人读后感(20篇)
写威尼斯商人读后感的注意事项：①写读后感绝不是对原文的抄录或简单地复述，不能脱离原文任意发挥，应以写“体会”为主。②要写得有真情实感。应是发自内心深处的感受， 威尼斯商人读后感第1篇： 书中讲述了善良忠厚的威尼斯商人安东尼奥替朋友巴萨尼奥向冷酷无情的犹太商人夏洛克借高利贷，并以自我的商船作为抵押，夏洛克想乘机割取安东尼奥的肉便答应了。但安东尼奥的商船却出事了，夏洛克把安东尼奥告上了法庭。在法庭上，聪明的鲍西亚答应夏洛克能够割取安东尼奥身上的任意一块肉，只是若流下一滴血的话(合约上只写了一磅肉，却没有答应给夏洛克任何一滴血)就用他的性命和财产抵换。最终安东尼奥获救，除了夏洛克之外，每个人都得到了一个圆满的结局。 《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚早期的喜剧作品，安东尼奥和夏洛克是两个对立的人物形象，他们对待金钱和人情的态度截然相反。安东尼奥是人们梦想中的商人，是所谓商人王子、慷慨仁厚、放债不取利息、珍重友谊，不惜为之牺牲生命。而夏洛克却爱钱如命，惟利是图，受到损害就要加以灭绝人性的报复。对他贪婪的金钱欲和残忍的报复心，莎士比亚显然持否定的态度。从人文主义立场出发，莎士比亚认为像安东尼奥那样的商人能够消除资产阶级的矛盾，建立人与人之间被金钱破坏的自然关系，实现完美的生活。而夏洛克那样的高利贷资本商人，重利盘剥，损人利己，则是社会矛盾的根源，完美生活的破坏者。但在另一方面，莎士比亚对夏洛克作为犹太人受到的歧视和欺辱又怀有同情。 鲍西亚是书中一个充满智慧的女性，正是因为她，安东尼奥才能幸免于难，她的父亲曾留给她三个匣子，一个是金做的，一个是银做的，还有一个是铅做的，仅有选中装有鲍西亚照片的才能和聪明美貌的鲍西亚结婚，而鲍西亚的照片正是放在铅匣子中。这个世上有着各种各样的事物，很多事物虽然外表十分美丽，但实际上却是很丑陋的，很多富家公子外表金光灿烂，但实际上却是不学无术。有一句话会发亮不必须都是金子，可是金子总会发亮的。我们要学会分辨是非黑白，不要被事物的表面现象所迷惑，许多事物的表面现象往往是虚假的，仅仅是为了迷惑我们，我们应当要学会透过表面看本质。所以，在感情和友情面前，金钱也只剩淡如水的痕迹了。 读完了《威尼斯商人》，也让我获益匪浅，它教会了我，友情与亲情的重要，让我明白了，情一向陪伴着你，当你开心时，它会为你鼓掌欢呼;当你忧愁，郁闷时，它会为你分担忧愁。所以不要只为了一时的满足和欢乐而背叛它，抛弃它。它，让我感受到了财与情之间的交错，不再为此而徘徊其中了。记住吧，你永远的朋友情。 现实生活中，我们做事不要虚浮。一步一个脚印，实打实的才能成事，大跃进、浮夸风吃的就是这个苦头，高产决不是吹出的。学习工作也是一样，投机取巧，做小动作，看起风风火火的教学活动未必就是件好事。做任何事都要打好基础，低层的巩固才能使得项目更具有诱惑和成功力，就像老子《道德经》里所说：千里之行，始于足下。仅有这样，我们才能够慢慢地向成功靠近，直到取得最终的成功。 威尼斯商人读后感第2篇： 在当今社会中，一个商人如果想要赚到钱，就必须努力工作，可是在几百年前的威尼斯，
威尼斯商人中的反犹太主义
Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice and The Jew of Malta Elizabethan England produced two great plays involving Jewish protagonists, and for most of the past hundred years or so it has been generally believed that one of these plays is essentially defensible although highly problematic while the other is simply and crudely anti-Semitic. The Merchant of Venice remains controversial, and with good reason, but it is generally defended and is and can be performed in the English-speaking world without much protest. The Jew of Malta, Marlowe’s earlier masterpiece, on the other hand is, in fact, not controversial: it is generally regarded as crudely anti-Semitic and therefore almost unperformable. There are occasional public readings of the play, and there have been one or two productions in London and New York, but its reputation as an anti-Semitic rant has rendered it pretty well outside the scope of general theatrical performance and even undergraduate university courses. I think the general opinion has it precisely backwards: the Merchant of Venice is, in fact, an anti-Semitic text, albeit attenuated in many important ways and indeed defensible,
英语论文文献综述(描述研究现状)
General descriptions of the relevant literature: A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies .... There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of .... The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with .... The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how .... During the past 30 years much more information has become available on .... In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on .... A large and growing body of literature has investigated .... General reference to previous research/scholarly activity (usually more than one author) Many historians have argued that.... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994) Numerous studies have attempted to explain .... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002) Recent evidence suggests that .... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can .... (Patel et al., 1997; Jones et al., 1998). Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that .... Several attempts have been made to .... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001) Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ..... (Smith, 1996; Jones .... Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presents an .... account, whilst Jones .... Several studies investigating X have been carried out on .... Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity Previous studies have reported .... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992). Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, .... A number of studies have found that .... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004).
威尼斯商人读后感4篇
威尼斯商人读后感4篇 威尼斯商人读后感4篇 导语：《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚的一部著作，内容是这样的：巴萨尼奥是一个典型的情人，他不可救药地爱上了美丽的鲍西娅。为了赢得她的芳心，他必须拥有一笔财富。还必须解决鲍西娅父亲为求婚者设下的难题。下面由WTT为您整理出的4篇威尼斯商人读后感，一起来看看吧。 威尼斯商人读后感1 《威尼斯商人》是英国伟大的戏剧家莎士比亚写的四大喜剧之一，读完了该文章个人感悟颇深!下面分享一下我的读后感： 故事大概是这样的：在威尼斯生活着很多不同经历，不同品格的商人。故事的主人公就是一个成功的商人,他的名字叫：安东尼奥。他聪明、勤奋、慷慨大方，博得了大家的信任。所以事业发展很快。最近又一批买卖即将成功，这使他万分高兴。这时，安东尼奥的朋友巴萨尼奥，正匆匆走来，原来他深深的爱上了鲍西娅公主,想去求婚。但他觉得只有自己穿上最好的衣服才能和公主相配，但他现在很贫困，因此只好向安东尼奥借钱。安东尼奥答应了朋友的请求。但他全部的财产
都在货船上，但货船还没有到岸。那么只有向夏洛克借钱了。夏洛克是一个心胸狭窄、贪图小便宜的人，他一直很嫉妒安东尼奥的才华。当他得知安东尼奥要向自己借钱，心中暗暗高兴。于是，在条约里写到：如不按时还钱，就要从你的身上割下一磅肉。安东尼奥冒着生命危险答应了。 巴萨尼奥和鲍西娅结婚了。但是，一个坏消息传入了他们的耳中。安东尼奥的船队沉没了，夏洛克逼他马上还钱。但安东尼奥现在一贫如洗。夏洛克把他告上了法庭，准备按条约上说的去做。在法庭上法官说:你只能从他身上割下一磅肉，不允许有一滴血，要不然你就是违约。可夏洛克根本做不到。最后法官判夏洛克败诉，并把他财产的一半分给安东尼奥，另一半归国家。 事后，安东尼奥才得知那个聪明的法官就是鲍西娅装扮的.为了救朋友她想出了这个妙计。不久大家得知了一个好消息：安东尼奥的船队并没有沉没，现在已经抵达港口了。 我被莎士比亚小说里的每一个情节所感动，也从中感悟到了很多人世间的道理。从安东尼奥、巴萨尼奥、鲍西娅的身上，我看到了他们都有对朋友真诚、友好的一颗心.为了朋友的幸福，安东尼奥冒着生命危险满足了朋友的需要，为了让朋友得到幸福，宁可牺牲自己。
英语论文文献综述
英语专业毕业论文文献资料目录及综述表
文献综述（2000字以上） In the early reviews of this novel reveals a variety of attitudes toward and assessments. Some early reviewers suspected strongly that Sons and Lovers is an autobiographical work. “We suspect that Paul is a projection of the writer’s own personality,” Harold Massingham said. Others did not explicitly make a direct to the passionately personal style of Sons and Lovers. Some of Lawrence’s contemporaries insist on seeing the novel Sons and Lovers as the author’s only-slightly-revised personal history; others do not, although one complains about the writer’s lack of “scientific detachment.” Some of the reviews believe the book to be about the tragic “wastage” of Walter Morel; others think the author is writing against his own biological father. Then, too, there are critics who seemed to sense that the inconsistent reviews of the book are made possible by the work itself, which is about emotional oxymoron, passionate contradictions. Before any reviewers fully insisted upon the autobiographical nature of Sons and Lovers. “In order to understand Mr. Lawrence fully, we must go beyond his works,” Alfred Kuttner suggested in A Freudian Appreciation in Sons and Lovers. Insisting on the strong similarity between Sons and Lovers and Lawrence’s earlier novels and love poems, Kuttner declared all these works to be “expressions of the same personal experience,”namely,Lawrence’s “hatred”for his “father.” Having said this, Kuttner went even further, suggesting that what Lawrence “particularizes so passionately” is what Freud, more generally, “has proved beyond cavil,” namely, that “the child’s attachment to the parent of the opposite sex becomes the prototype of all later love relations.” According to Showalter E, said in Sexual Anarchy, that Lawrence was difficult to accept women have their own thoughts, in the poems he had written have shown the anger, resentment,fear and pity of female. At the same time, this figure also expressed the view that male should be the dominant position in the relationship between men and women, Lawrence also expressed in the text the resentment of possessive, strong and feisty women. Lawrence articulated a unique view of religion: That the only way to save mankind is the unification of body and mind, the perfect harmony of sex and the male-dominated marriage. Only when it reaches the natural balance between the two and the respect with each other,
分析ANTONIO威尼斯商人 英语论文
北京城市学院国际语言文化学部考核试卷答题纸 2011--2012学年第一学期期末 课程名称：英美文学选读使用班级：09英本1-6、11英语专接本 考试时间：三周考核方式①：论文 题号 格式 （10） 语法 （20） 内容 （70） 总分 （100） 阅卷人 签字 得 分 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 要求：（1）字号：小四；字体：Times New Roman；行距：1.5倍；纸张：A4； （2）英文撰写；字数：不少于1000英文单词；要求用自己的语言表达，切忌抄袭。 （3）满分：100分。 （4）在论文之前要附上论文的大纲 （5）最后要附上参考书目。
Outline I．Introduction II．Analysis of Antonio 2.1 Antonio's attitude towards Shylock 2.2 The relationship between Antonio and Bassanio III．Conclusions Bibliography
Analysis of Antonio I. Introduction The merchant of Venice is written by Shakespeare. It is Shakespeare's early comedy which is full of social satire. The Merchant of V enice talks about the affairs between Bassanio, Portia, Shylock and Antonio. Antonio is a V enice merchant who is best friends with Bassanio and often supports him with loans. He is wealthy, but at the start of the play, all of his money is tied up with his five ships which are at sea. He takes a loan from Shylock, a Jewish money lender who he has mistreated in the past. The forfeiture of the bond is a pound of his flesh. Unfortunately, all of his ships were broken in a storm. He realized that he were not able to pay the money back to Shylock on time. When he were getting ready to be executed, Portia pretended a judge and saved him. Antonio is an example of what is considered a "good Christian" in the play—he is generous and by their standard, "merciful". It seems that he is spotless and lackluster. But there are some queries about him. what things does Shakespeare want to show in this character? We need to explore them gradually. In my papers, I will discuss the Antonio's character, and analyse the relationship with Shylock, Antonio and Bassanio. I want to reveal a new Antonio in the essay. II．Analysis of Antonio 2.1 Antonio's attitude towards Shylock Shylock is a rich Jew. He makes a living by usury. But it is against the Christian law. So in the eyes of Antonio, Shylock is a sinner. He detested Shylock's behavior. Furthermore, both of them are wealthy, if Shylock is a poor usurer, Antonio will not notice and insult him. But the Jew is as rich as Antonio. Merchants always tend to envy the people who is equally rich. Even Antonio is mercy, but he is still a merchant. This is a nature of traders, he is unable to get rid of it. And shylock's treasure is earned by a illegal way, this fact makes his envy converts into indignation. He vents his discontentment by denouncing Antonio's illegality. And his insult is compounded by Antonio's self-surrender. On the other hand, Antonio didn't really hate Antonio. He disdained him. Because