中国文化汉英翻译材料
Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛
接受。
2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净
（花脸男角）、丑（丑角）。
3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。
4.梅兰芳曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。
5.他也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。
6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。
Key to Exercise I.
1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all
over China, it has also been well received all over the world.
2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses
are divided into four categories: sheng(male roles), dan(female roles), jing(male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns).
3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic
co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage.
4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their
tenderness, elegance and subtlety.
5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries.
6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appeciated by
people in China and in the whole world.
Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese.
著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。
中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。
Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese.
A Rare Opportunity
The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise.
Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE.
Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。
2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。
3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。
4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。
5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。
6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。
Key Exercise III.
1.Qi Baishi is remembered for revolutionizing the art of inkwash painting and his complete devotion to this
traditional Chinese art form.
2.He tried to repaint the picture many times several days later, but he was never able to match his
spontaneous painting of that day.
3.The quite high art value of Lan Ting Xu encouraged many calligraphers to imitate Wang Xizhi’s writing
style.
4. A good calligrapher is expected to give life and form to his words.
5.Calligraphy is an art that requires a clear mind and complete control of the writing painting brush.
6.The young actor realized that his performance was still very poor as compared to that of his teacher.
Exercise IV. Translate the following brief introduction to Traditional Chinese Painting.
中国国画
从审美（aesthetic）的角度看，虽然中国国画与西洋画有许多相似之处，但它仍独具中国民族特色。中国国画博采多种艺术形式如诗歌、书法、绘画和篆刻（seal engraving）艺术之众长，给画者提供了更自由的表达空间。中国的画家通常将诗歌和哲理结合起来。所以，中国有一个成语叫做“诗情画意”。
Key to Ex. IV.
Traditional Chinese Painting
From an aesthetic point of view, Traditional Chinese Painting possesses China’s unique national character although it has much in common with Western painting. Traditional Chinese painting absorbs the best of many forms of art likely poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal engraving, which gives the painter freedom to express himself. Chinese painters usually combine poetry and philosophy together. Hence there is an expression “painting in poetry and poetry in painting”.
Exercise V. Translate the following passage about an African campus into English.
学校的中心地带是个扇形的喷水泉，中间很艺术地摆着些中国式的太湖石。这是新建的。在我们中国教师住的院子里，有一个类似的喷水泉，不过比这要小得多，像个盆景似的，那是早来这儿的老师利用业余时间建的。他们在池中放了些水草和金鱼，可能是为了抒发对祖国的怀念之情吧，还在太湖石上用秀丽的隶书字体刻了“二泉映月”四个红字，似乎这么一来，西湖便在他们的怀抱之中了，故乡的月便也在向着这些游子微笑了。
Key to Ex. V.
In the centre of the campus was a newly-built fan-shaped fountain. A number of Chinese Taihu Lake rocks were arranged in it with a touch of artistry. In the courtyard of the house where Chinese teachers were living, there was also a similar but much smaller fountain looking like potted landscape. It was built by the Chinese teachers who had come earlier in their spare time. They had graced it with water plants and goldfish. Perhaps out of a yearning for their homeland, they had even engraved on a Taihu rock four Chinese characters: “Er Quan Ying Y ue”, meaning “two springs reflecting the moonlight.”These characters were painted red and written in an ancient calligraphic style. The homestick Chinese teachers seemed to feel that at the sight of these characters, they could by a flight of the imagination bring to their presence a native moon smilingly beaming over the West Lake.
Exercise VI. Try to put the following news report into English.
首届中国国际建筑艺术双年展2004
经中华人民共和国文化部批准，“首届中国国际建筑艺术双年展”将于2004年9月20日至10月6日在北京举行，这是在我国首次举办的国际大型系列建筑文化产业会展，是中国建筑艺术史上规模最大、内容最丰富的建筑主题文化活动。双年展旨在展示国际建筑新思潮、新理念、新设计、新材料、新发展，它是中国建筑业产业界的一个资源共享平台，是加强国际建筑艺术交流的窗口与建筑技术交流的桥梁。
双年展包括国际建筑设计作品和新型建材展示、学术论坛和国际生态建筑艺术园方案展示等三大部分。展会期间还专门为与会代表开通“北京社区住宅”和北京现代建筑参观专线，使各国代表对北京的建设有一个全面的了解。展会期间将重点介绍北京正在规划和建设中的重点项目，如2008奥运会主体育场“鸟巢”、游泳馆“水立方”、国家大剧院和中国中央电视台大楼等。这些国家重点项目被称为“世纪焦点”项目，引起中国乃至世界建筑界的极大关注。
双年展是世界建筑界的节日和文化盛会，您可以在会展期间发现新的职业合作机会以及潜在的新市场。欢迎您的光临。
Key to Ex. VI.
China’s 1st Architectural Biennial Exhibition in Bejing(ABB2004) Approved and supported by the Chinese Ministry of Culture, the 1st Architectural Biennial Beijing (ABB2004) will be held from September 20th to October 6th in Beijing, China. It is the first great serial exhibition of architectural culture and building industry and it is the largest architecture show and architectural theme activities in the Chinese history. The aim of ABB2004 is to show the architectural creation, advanced techniology and new building materials, to build up a platform for sharing the latest information and a bridge for cooperation between the Chinese professionals with colleagues abroad.
ABB2004 is mainly composed of 3 parts: exhibition, forum and architectural them park, The tours to the excellent communities of housing building and modern building in Beijing will be organized for the participants and that will give visitors a better understanding of the development of building industry in Beijing. Also many “focal pointed projects in Beijing” Will be discussed at forums, such as the State Stadium and Swimming Hall (for World Olympic Game 2008), State Theater, CCTV Tower, etc. All these projects are called “Century Focal Point Projects” and are attractive to professionals in the world.
ABB 2004 is an Architectural Festival. You may find new partners for professional cooperation or potential market for future development. Welcome to Beijing!
Exercise VII. Translate the following passage into English.
中国有几千年的文明史，文化宝藏光辉灿烂。其中有四部著名的古典长篇小说放射着耀眼的光芒，它们是《西游记》、《水浒传》、《三国演义》和《红楼梦》。这四部作品在中国家喻户晓，老少争诵，世界各地都有各主要语言的译本。通过它们可以反映出中国人的深层情感，折射出他们的传统心理。直到今天，影视界争相把它们搬上银幕荧屏，其影响之大，范围之广，是其他小说无可比拟的。
Key to Exercise VII.
China is a country of ancient civilization with magnificent cultural treasures. There are, among others, four famous classic novels that radiate myriads of golden rays. They are Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, Three Kingdoms, and A Dream of Red Mansions, all of which are known throughout China to every household and every Chinese, old and young. Translated versions in major foreign languages are available all over the world. These four literary works reflect thoughts and feelings deep in the innermost recesses of the hearts of the Chinese, and mirror their traditional psychic characteristics. People in the film and TV circles have been trying with one another to adapt and presenting them on the screen. They have maintained a great impact and popularity beyond compare in the world of novels.
Exercise VIII. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.据说这一天的月亮是一年中最亮最圆的。而月亮正是庆贺中秋的全部主题。
2.在中国人的眼中，月饼表现的正是同满月一样的圆形，象征着全家人的大团圆。
3.这种节庆月饼馅中通常包有香甜的莲子或红豆，中央还常夹着一个或几个咸鸭蛋黄来代表月亮。
4.月饼上通常都压印有汉字，标明月饼制作厂家和月饼馅的种类。
Key to Exercise VIII.
1.It is the time when the moon is said dto be eat its brightest and fullest and the moon is what this
celebration is all about.
2.In the eyes of the Chinese people, a moon-cake takes the shape of a round moon and thus symbolizes the
reunion of all family members.
3.The seasonal round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling of lotus seed or red bean and often have one or
more salted duck eggs in the center to represent the moon.
4.Moon-cakes are usually stamped with Chinese characters indicating the name of the bakery and the type of
filling used.
Exercise IX. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.除了赛龙舟以外，赛马和斗牛是端午节的主要特色。
2.孩子们在长满青草的山坡上滚动彩蛋，比赛看谁的跑得快。
3.中国历史上有关足球的记载最早可以追溯到战国时期(the Warring States Period)。
4.在三国时期（the Three Kingdom Period），每逢春节舞狮子竟成了一种乡村习俗。
5.筷子产生的关键原因也许和当时的进食方式有关。
Key to Exercise IX.
1.Along with dragon-boat races, horse races and bullfights are also major activities of Dragon-boat Festival.
2.Children try to outdo each other in rolling colored eggs down grassy slopes.
3.The first historical mention of football in China goes back to the Warring States Period.
4.In the Three Kingdom Period, it became customary for people to perform the Lion Dance during the
Spring Festival.
5.The decisive factor for the invention of chopsticks probably had to do with the eating style during that
period of time.
Exercise X. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.现存的魏晋时期的书法作品，以王羲之的作品最负盛名。
2.据历史记载，骆宾王自幼善作诗。
3.为纪念孔子诞辰2555周年，学院决定在图书馆前建一座纪念碑式的雕像。
4.为了增强古代战场的真实性，特在背景放置了许多弓箭。
5.体育馆前的那尊石刻雕像，历来被认为是体现运动风格的主题作品。
6.这些建筑物的最大特点是它们与其环境浑然天成的工艺。
Key to Exercise X.
1.The most well-known calligraphy works of the Wei and Jin Dynasties are those left by Wang Xizhi.
2.According to the historical records, Luo Binwang had excelled in writing poems ever since his childhood.
3.In memory of Confucius 2555 years birthday, the university decided that a monumental sculpture be built
in front of the library.
4.Bows and arrows were placed in the background to highlight its ancient battlefield favor.
5.The stone statue in front of the stadium is believed to be the thematic icon of sportsmanship.
6. A remarkable feature of these buildings is their harmonious craftsmanship out of the great nature.
Exercise XI. Translate the following tourist information on The Old Town of Lijiang into English.
丽江古城是拥有灿烂文化、保护完好的少数民族古城，是云南省丽江纳西族自治县的中心城市。古城
相传因形似一方大砚而得名“大砚镇”。
丽江古城是一水城，水对于他们来说就好似血液。黑龙潭是小镇的主要水源，又可分为许多小溪、可以到达小镇的每一个家庭、每一条街。沟渠错综分布，柳树随处可见，小镇中有大约350座各式各样、无法模拟的明清时代建造的小桥。当地的人们创造出“一潭一井三塘水”的用水方法，即头塘饮水、二塘洗菜、三塘洗衣，清水顺序而下，既科学又卫生。水不仅满足了居民的需求，而且还增添了小镇的美丽和幽雅。因此，将小镇誉为“东方威尼斯”、“高原姑苏”一点也不足为怪。只要你来到丽江古城，你就会终身难忘，流连忘返。
Key to Ex. XI.
The Old Town of Lijiang, a well-preserved old city of ethnic minorities with brilliant culture, is a central town of the Lijiang Autonomous County of the Naxi Ethnic Minority in Yunnan Province. The old town looks like a big ink slab, therefore getting the alias the Town of Big Ink Slab (Dayanzhen).
The old Town of Lijiang is a city that depends on water for existence and water is just like its blood. Black Dragon Pool (Heilongtan) is the main water source of the town and subdivides into many streams which can reach eevery family and every street in the town. Due to the reticular aqueducts, willow trees grow everywhere. There are almost 350 varied and inimitable bridges in the little town, some of which were built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The unique water usage created by the local people is scientific and sanitary. They build three mouths for every well from the upriver to the downriver. The water in the first mouth is for drinking, the second one is for cleaning of the vegetables, and the last one is used to wash the clothes. The water not only meets the need of the dweller, but also gives the town a beauty of gentleness. The town is reputed as the “Oriental Venice” and “Suzhou in Highland”, but it is much, much more than this. Once you have visited the Old Town Lijiang, it will capture your heart for the rest of your life.
Exercise XII. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.你看过中国民族音乐会吗？如果看过的话，我敢肯定你一定会被琵琶(lute)的优美曲调(melody) 所吸
引。
2.这位杂技演员动作真是快如风。
3.中国的武术历史悠久，是中国文化不可分割的一个组成部分。
4.学中国武术的人得学会站得像青松一样笔直。
5.他设法帮助我理解这幅画的深层文化内涵，这与民族精神有着密切的关系。
Key to Exercise XII.
1.Have you ever enjoyed a traditional Chinese folk music concert? If you have, I dare say you just can’t6
help being attracted by the beautiful melody played on the lute.
2.The acrobat can move as swiftly as a gust of wind.
3.Chinese martial arts have a long history, and they form an indispensable part of Chinese culture.
4.Chinese martial arts practitioners should learn to stand as straight as a pine tree.
5.He tried to help me understand the underlying cultural meaning of the painting, which has a great deal to
do wtih the national spirit.
Exercise XIII The following is a newspaper report. Try to translate it into English with the help of what you’ve learned in this chapter.
中国文化丰富了美国人的生活
在17和18世纪，中国艺术、建筑学以及哲学，西方非常的欣赏。中国的奢侈品，例如丝绸、茶和瓷器大受欢迎，也深刻的改变了一些西方人的生活方式。
20世纪后期，中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，中国对外开放，也让许多美国人有机会亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。中国文化丰富了他们的生活。这个潮流方兴未艾。除了他们赞不绝口的中国菜肴外，有越来越多的美国人，尝试针灸、草药和中国武术。他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺。美国
的许多著名大学和医学院，已经开设中文和针灸课程。中国的草药已经是“他类医学”的重要一环。有越来越多的美国人已经转向“他类医学”求助。美国人在不知不觉中，也在日常生活里谈及点心、人参、银杏、乌龙茶、太极、气、阴阳和八卦等。中医强调的是平衡、和谐以及安宁，也能协助他们克服现代生活的紧张和压力。当身心得到平衡，他们深信健康、工作效率和富足的生活，便会随之而来。
Key to Ex. XIII.
Americans looking to Chinese culture to enrich their life
In the 17th and 18th Centuries, Chinese art, architecture and philosophy were much admired in the West. Chinese luxury goods like silks, teas and porcelain were in great demand and transformed their way of life drastically.
In the late 20th century, China developed into a politically and economically powerful country. This coincided with its reopening up to the outside world, which has enabled an increasing number of Americans to travel to the ancient land in order to experience at first hand the splendors of this venerable civilization. Chinese culture has enriched Americans’ life. This trend is gathering momentum and is here to stay.
Apart from their love affair with Chinese cuisine, more Americans are turning to its acupuncture, herbal medicines, martial arts, kongfu films, fashion and arts and crafts.
Chinese language and acupuncture and now taught in many leading US universities and medical schools. Chinese herbal medicines form an essential component of alternative medicine, which now seems to be gathering as many converts as those seeking conventional medical treatment.
The Chinese words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha, taiji, qi, yin and yang and ba-gua have crept into their every day language. With its emphasis on achieving balance and harmony and peace and tranquility at home and at work, Chinese medicine relaxes their minds and helps them overcome the stress and strains of modern living. American people firmly believe that once their mental and physical well-being are in equilibrium, then good health, work efficiency and prosperity will come their way naturally.
Exercise XIV. Translate the following sentences into English
1.儒家思想影响了中国人的生活态度，制定了生活标准以及社会价值观，奠定了中国政治理论和体质
的基础。
2.他认为人的欲望应当通过适当的规范来引导和限制，并且通过一丝不苟地遵守礼仪和音乐熏陶来
塑造人的性格。
3.政治上，孔子主张家长式的政府，国君要仁慈可敬，臣民要恭敬顺从。
4.在人际关系也就是人与人之间的关系方面，“仁”表现为“忠”和“恕”。“忠”指的是对自己和他
人的忠诚，“恕”也成为利他主义，用儒家的箴言来表示就是“己所不欲，勿施于人”。
5.在汉亡之后的政治混乱中，由于道教和佛教的兴盛，儒家哲学暂时处于劣势。
Key to Ex. XIV
1.Confucianism has influenced the Chinese attitude toward life, set the patterns of living and standards of
social values, and provided the background for Chinese political theories and institutions.
2.He believed that desires should be guided and restrained by the rules of propriety and that character should
be molded by an orderly observance of rites and by the practice of music.
3.Politically, Confucius advocated a paternalistic government in which the sovereign is benevolent and
honorable, and the subjects are respectful and obedient.
4.In human relations, construed as those between one person and another, jen is manifested in chung, or
faithfulness to oneself and others, and shu, or altruism, best expressed in the Confucian golden rule, “Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself.”
5.Due to the rise of Daoism and Buddhism and the political chaos after the perish of the Han dynasty,
Confucianism was in an inferior status.
常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译
常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译 风水：Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历：solar calendar 阴历：lunar calendar 闰年：leap year 十二生肖：zodiac 春节：the Spring Festival 元宵节：the Lantern Festival 清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节：the Double-ninth Day 七夕节：the Double-seventh Day 春联：spring couplets 春运：the Spring Festival travel 把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year 庙会：temple fair 爆竹：firecracker 年画：(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱：New Year gift-money 舞龙：dragon dance 舞狮：lion dance 元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯：festival lantern 灯谜：lantern riddle 食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year. 传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds. 四合院：Siheyuan/ Quadrangle 亭/阁：pavilion/attic 刺绣：Embroidery 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 针灸：Acupuncture 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 偏旁：radical 战国：Warring States 人才流动：Brain Drain/Flow 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals ——仅供参考
最新中国文化翻译练习10篇(1)
1、中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture 中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。 （1）中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。Chinese people began to make wine with grains seven thousand years ago. （2）总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。 Generally speaking, wine has a close connection with Chinese culture in both ancient and modern times. （3）长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。 Chinese wine culture has been play ing a quite important role in Chinese people’s life for a long time. （4）我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。 Our Chinese ancestors used to enjoy themselves by
drinking wine while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. （5）作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。 Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc. 2、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy 中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱，且越来越受到欢迎。 （1）中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression. （2）作者的内心世界通过美妙的字体得以体现。
中国姓氏英文翻译大全S-Z
A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha 常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F:
范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H: 海--Hay 韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi 居--Chu 贾--Chia 翦/简--Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong 焦--Chiao 金/靳--Jin/King 景/荆--King/Ching
最新主题翻译中国历史文化
主题翻译中国历史文 化
主题翻译（中国历史文化） 1.筷子 说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的国家，用筷 子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单，只有两根小细棒， 但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，搅拌或者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便 宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，无论是中国 人还是外国人，都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。 参考译文 When we refer to the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, mixing and digging; moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks. 2.长城 长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到 了巴黎没有去看看埃菲尔铁塔（Eiffel），或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一 样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城 墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东 起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。 参考译文
中国姓氏英语翻译大全
中国姓氏英语翻译大全 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha
常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F:
范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H:
韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi 居--Chu 贾--Chia 翦/简--Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong
中国传统文化英语翻译.
1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子，里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。 翻译：Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness. 2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。 翻译：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts. 3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长，共90个交叉点，构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。
英语四六级翻译(历史文化社会)
英语四六级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus 相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty 全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance 暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual harassment 走私 smuggling 性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination 工作歧视 job discrimination 享乐主义hedonism 文盲 illiteracy 贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory 两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 南南合作 South-South Cooperation 南北对话 North-South Dialog 人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念 awareness of law 法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up 公务员 civil servants 官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning 计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning
双语：中国姓氏英文翻译对照大合集
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步Poo 百里Pai-li C: 蔡/柴Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑Cheng 崔Tsui 查Cha 常Chiong 车Che 陈Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程Cheng 池Chi 褚/楚Chu 淳于Chwen-yu
D: 戴/代Day/Tai 邓Teng/Tang/Tung 狄Ti 刁Tiao 丁Ting/T 董/东Tung/Tong 窦Tou 杜To/Du/Too 段Tuan 端木Duan-mu 东郭Tung-kuo 东方Tung-fang F: 范/樊Fan/Van
房/方Fang 费Fei 冯/凤/封Fung/Fong 符/傅Fu/Foo G: 盖Kai 甘Kan 高/郜Gao/Kao 葛Keh 耿Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭Kung 勾Kou 古/谷/顾Ku/Koo 桂Kwei 管/关Kuan/Kwan
郭/国Kwok/Kuo 公孙Kung-sun 公羊Kung-yang 公冶Kung-yeh 谷梁Ku-liang H: 海Hay 韩Hon/Han 杭Hang 郝Hoa/Howe 何/贺Ho 桓Won 侯Hou 洪Hung 胡/扈Hu/Hoo
花/华Hua 宦Huan 黄Wong/Hwang 霍Huo 皇甫Hwang-fu 呼延Hu-yen J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬Chi 居Chu 贾Chia 翦/简Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/ Chiang/Kwong 焦Chiao 金/靳Jin/King 景/荆King/Ching
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译
中国文化相关词汇英文翻译 元宵节：Lantern Festival 刺绣：embroidery 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 对联：（Spring Festival）Couplets 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国：Warring States 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 函授部：The Correspondence Department 集体舞：Group Dance 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weedings and Funerals 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 附属学校：Affiliated school 古装片：Costume Drama 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling（Soup） 一国两制：One Country，Two Systems 火锅：Hot Pot 四人帮：Gang of Four 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 素质教育：Essential-qualities-Oriental Education 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 大跃进：Great Leap Forward（Movement） 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 针灸：Acupuncture 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 偏旁：radical 孟子：Mencius 亭/阁：Pavilion/Attic 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 火药：gunpowder
中国传统文化英语翻译
１、香囊(sｃentedｓachet）,古代也称“香袋”，通常就是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织得袋子，里面塞满香草（aｒomatic herｂs）。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫与避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们得形状与大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形与其她形状。它们通常配有精致得图案，每个图案都象征着特别得含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(pｅｏny flower)等图案象征女性；松树与仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮得香囊不仅就是装饰品，而且含有丰富得文化与历史内涵。 翻译：Scenteｄsaｃhets, alｓo called “fragrant bagｓ"in ancient tiｍes，are b ａgs usｕally sｅwｅｄwitｈcloth ｏr weａvｅd with mulｔiｃoｌor sｉlk threａd ｓand ｓtuffeｄwith aromaｔicｈerbｓ、The fragrant ｂａｇs ｗere orｉｇinally used ｆor abｓorbing sweat,reｐeｌling insｅcts ａnｄwardingｏfｆeｖiｌs、Sceｎtｅd sacheｔs are ｎotｏnly uｓｅful, bｕt also ｏrｎaｍentａｌ、Thｅy e in diｆfｅrent ｓhapeｓand siｚes, such as rouｎｄ,ｏvaｌａnd ｍanｙothｅr ｓ、Ａnd thｅy arｅｎoｒｍally decｏrａted with elａborate pａtteｒns, with ｅａch patteｒn symbolizing a sｐecｉal meaｎiｎg、Fｏr ｉnｓｔaｎce，ａｄouble－fｉｓh oｒｄoｕbｌe-butterflyｐaｔtern sｍyboliｚes thｅlove ｂetweｅｎa man an ｄａｗoｍaｎ；paｔterｎs ｌｉke lotus or peony floweｒs symbｏlｉzｅwomen;piｎe aｎd crane pａtternｓsymｂoｌｉze longｅvity and a guａｖa paｔternｉs tｈe symbol of loｔs oｆchiｌdren、A nｉｃe scｅnｔed sacheｔｉs not ｊust an ornament,bｕt morｅｏf sometｈinｇｔｈat cｏnｔainｓcuｌtural and his ｔoriｃal rｉchneｓs、 2、中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳（yin－yaｎg）生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，就是对人类得人生感悟得哲学注解.中国人祖先得哲学论断就是“近瞧自己,远观她人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术得原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类得本能欲望就是生存并通过繁衍（pｒopagatiｏｎ)继续存在。人生来得首要本能就是求生，然后就是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳与永生得观念始终贯穿中国得社会生活与民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会得所有基本哲学理念. 翻译:Cｈinese ｆolｋarｔaｎdＣhinesｅphilosoｐhy aｒe ｕniｆｉed inｔhe ｂｅlief thatｙｉn—yaｎg produces aｌl lｉving things ｉn tｈe ｗorlｄ、OrｉginateｄiｎＣhinesｅprimitiveｓｏｃiety, tｈiｓwas thｅｐhilosophｉcal expｌaｎａtiｏn of humaｎ＇s pｅｒception of life、Cｈinｅse ancｅstorｓpｈilosｏphｉcaｌｃoｎcluｓiｏn ｗasｔｏ“ｌｏok atｏnｅself up cｌose aｎｄｏther creａtｕres from afａｒ"，whiｃh ｉs essentｉal to the uｎdeｒsｔａｎdingｏf the priｍｉｔi ｖe ａｒtｔｏthe folk art ｏｆｔｈe naｔiｏn、To lｉｖe and tｏｃonｔinｕe life through propagation ａｒe ｔｈeｔwo ｉｎstinctｉve ｄｅsires of huｍan、From birth,ａpｅrson'sｆirｓt iｎsｔinct is to sｕrvive, and tｈen to livｅａlｏng li ｆｅ、Ｆrom primｉtｉvｅｓociｅtyｔｏthe present day，ｔｈe ｖｉew of yiｎ-yanｇand perpetuａl lｉfe hａs peｒmeated ｉn all aspectｓoｆsociaｌlife and ｔhe natｉonａｌcｕlｔｕｒe of Chiｎesｅｓocｉeｔy、Ｃｈineｓe folk aｒt ｒe ｆｌects alｌof the basicｐhｉlosｏphicａｌｃoncｅpts、
中国经典名著英汉汉英翻译
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英语六级翻译必备词汇——中国文化
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皮影戏shadow play; 说书story-telling 武术martial art 阳历solarcalendar 阴历lunarcalendar 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 针灸：Acupuncture 太极拳：Tai Chi 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 孟子：Mencius 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck 火锅：Hot Pot 关于六级翻译，内容还是比较广泛的，对于日常生活中比较常见的词语最好都要弄清它的英文翻译。平时也要多注意进行练习，因为是新题型，所以真题比较少，大家可以配套文都出版的《大学英语六级考试真题精析与标准预测》，里面附赠20片短文翻译，让大家有题可做。
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中国传统文化 一、“传统节日”单词预热vocabulary work 烹调cooking cuisine 鱼肉满架well stocked with fish and meat 象征意义symbolic significance 农历lunar calendar 阳历solar calendar 端午节Dragon Boat Festival 元宵节Lantern Festival 清明节Pure Brightness Day 重阳节Double Ninth Day 放逐be exiled 忠臣loyal minister 糯米粽子glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves 祭祀亡灵in memory of sb. 龙舟比赛dragon boat races 中秋节Mid Autumn Festival 满月full moon 月饼moon cake 蜜饯preserved fruits 豆沙bean paste 蛋黄egg yolk 海鲜seafood 家禽poultry 饺子dumplings 八宝饭eight treasure rice 米羹rice balls 油条fried sticks 麻花fried twisted stick 炒面Chaomian 叉烧包steamed bun with roast pork 粥porridge 芋头taro 葱油饼pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion 有关春节的常用词 放鞭炮let off firecrackers 耍龙灯play the dragon lantern 耍狮子play the lion dance 拜年pay a new-year call 二、有关“介绍”的翻译 ?我很高兴向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日。 →I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays. 表示“介绍情况”时，我们可以这样翻译： 1.to share with you brief information ?在此，我愿意向朋友们介绍这些方面的情况。 →I'd like to share with you brief information in this respect. 2.to brief you on ?借此机会，我愿意向各位朋友介绍中国加入世贸组织和参与经济全球化的有关情况。 →I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to brief you on China's accession to WTO and participation in economic globalization. 3.to give a brief account of ?我简单介绍我厂的情况。 →Let me, first of all, give you a brief account of this factory. ?在来宾们参观我校之前，请允许我简要介绍一下我校的概况。 →Before you start to look around, I would like to give you a brief account of our
中国古代文化与社会英文综合教程 原文翻译答案
1、唐装是中国的传统服饰。从字面上看，唐装就是唐朝的服装，但是现代版的唐装与此没有任何关系，它起源于清朝的满族服饰。2001年APEC会议上各国政要身着唐装亮相，从那时起，这款新型服饰才流行起来并在国内外大受欢迎。唐装结合了中国的传统因素和西方的剪裁艺术。服装的基本造型是中式领子，对襟，手工盘扣，为了外型更美观，肩部加了衬垫。 2、上世纪70年代末，为了控制人口增长，中国开始实行计划生育政策。如今全国独生子女数量已超2亿。他们的出现给家庭成员的关系带来了许多变化。与有兄弟姐妹的孩子相比，独生子女有某些缺点，他们被称为惯坏了的“小皇帝”。但同时，他们也有一定的优势，如自尊心、独立性和自我意识较强。他们不应被视为“问题孩子”，他们是中国的未来和希望。 3、黄河，长5464千米，是中国的第二长河，世界第五长河。若把中国比作昂首挺立的雄鸡，黄河便是雄鸡心脏的动脉(artery)。在中国古代史上，黄河被称为中华民族的“母亲”，她哺育了千千万万中华儿女。黄河流域是中华民族的“摇篮（cradle）”，也是中国文化发祥地。在古代，这里曾经草木茂密，植物丰盛，我们的祖先便在这块广大的土地上劳动生息。 4. 木偶戏可以说是中国最古老的民间艺术（folk art）形式之一，其历史可追溯到2000多年前。到了宋代（Song Dynasty），所有社会阶层似乎都喜欢上了木偶戏。中国的民间艺术家们使用包括木头、布、线在内的各种原材料来制作木偶（puppet）。表演木偶戏时，对话有时还伴着民歌和舞蹈。其主题一般来自于儿童故事、寓言、神话和传说。 5. 相传有一年天下闹瘟疫，八仙（The Eight Immortals）想到东海瀛洲采药解除人间的瘟疫。八位仙人约定八月十五在崂山山顶会面。会面后，各自拿出自己的宝物（charm），倚物渡海。面对烟波浩淼的大海，徐徐清风扑面而来。八位仙人说说笑笑向大海彼岸漂去。之后民间流传谚语“八仙过海，各显神通”，比喻人们做某件事情或竞赛时，各自都有一套办法或本领。 6. 中国的筷子为人类文明做出了巨大贡献。诺贝尔奖获得者李政道先生曾说：“中国人早在春秋战国时代就发明了筷子。如此简单的两根东西，却高妙绝伦地应用了物理学上的杠杆(leverage)原理。”根据日本学者的研究，人在用筷子夹食物时，有80多个关节和50条肌肉在运动，并且与脑神经(cranial nerves)有关。因此，用筷子吃饭可以训练大脑。 7. 中国汉字是从图画、符号逐渐演变形成的，汉字的书写和发展过程导致了书法艺术（Chinese art of calligraphy）的产生。不同于西方的油画，中国的传统绘画有独特的表现形式。由于最早的绘画和写字均使用同样的工具，并且都是以线条为主，故有“书画同源”之说。人物画、山水画和花鸟画均为传统绘画的重要画种。中国传统绘画中一般都有题诗或题字，诗、书、画因而汇合成一个艺术整体，给人以更加丰厚的美学内涵。 8. 中国农历七月初七的七夕节相当于西方国家的情人节。牛郎织女的悲情故事赋予了这个节日浓郁的浪漫气息。传说这对被银河分开的恋人只能每年这个晚上在鹊桥上相会一次。过去，女孩会举行仪式乞求织女以获得智慧、巧手和美满婚姻。然而这些古老的传统和习惯正在逐渐消失。 9. 中国的龙崇拜有五千年以上的历史。封建（feudal）时代，龙就成为了皇权（imperial power）的象征，中国的历代帝王都自称“真龙天子”，并认为他们和龙一样神圣不可侵犯。而今天，所有的中国人都以自己是“龙的传人”而自豪。龙在中国文化中占据着重要的地位，起着重大的影响。它是国家的象征、民族的象征、文化的象征，也是一个伟大的祖国迅速崛起的象征。
中国姓氏英语翻译大全
中国姓氏英语翻译大全 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha 常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F: 范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H: 海--Hay 韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi