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考研英语翻译真题解析

考研英语翻译真题解析
考研英语翻译真题解析

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character

a n d d e s t i n y o f a n u n c h a r t e d c o n t i n e n t.

47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining

old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and

16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

思路:

1.大致介绍文章主要内容

2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文

→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词

1. 本篇文章的主要内容:

主要讲述了17-18世纪早期从欧洲到美洲的移民运动。来自欧洲的各民族人民历尽艰险,漂洋过海来到美洲。他们的到来给美洲带来了巨大变化和影响。美洲资源丰富,欧洲移民对这片陆地充满期盼。

2. 文章的第一段主要点明了这次移民的时间以及这次运动的深远影响。共两句话。

在17世纪到18世纪早期的一百年时间里,一次移民浪潮——一次史上伟大的民族迁徙——从欧洲席卷至美洲。这句中有两个需要注意的单词,第一个是span,span的意思是“一段时间”;wandering的意思是“流浪、漂泊”。

接下来是划线的需要翻译的第一句,(46)This movement, driven by powerful and diverse

motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

先来分析句子结构,找出句子的主干。句子的主干是This movement built a nation out of a wilderness and shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 剩下的部分d riven by powerful and diverse motivations和by its nature,是句子的状语,用来修饰整个句子。我们试着翻译一下句子的主干——这次运动/这次迁徙在一片荒野之地建立了一个民族,塑造了这片未知大陆的特征,决定了它的命运。

之后再来翻译状语部分,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,意思是“受各种强大的动机的推动”,by its nature的意思是“在其本质上,就其本质而言”。

下一步需要将这两部分整合起来,润色译文,使译文读起来通顺流畅,符合汉语习惯。这里需要将driven by powerful and diverse motivations这部分放到句子最前面,因为这部分是表示原因的。而汉语中一般表示原因的句子在前面。这个句子的译文参考:在各种强大的动机的推动下,这次运动在一片荒野之地建立了一个民族,并且就其本质

而言,塑造了这片未知大陆的特征,决定了它的命运。

这句话需要注意的有以下几点:

1)状语的翻译。需要将其提前,放在句子最前面。

2)适当使用增译法,以使词语搭配合适。这里的shape修饰character和destiny两个词,但“塑造”和“命运”一词搭配不当,所以需要增加一个与“命运”搭配的词,这里用了“决定”一词。

这段中需要掌握的单词有:

1)wandering to?move?about?without?a?definite?destination?or?purpose 流浪,漫游

2)uncharted (of an area of land or sea) not mapped or surveyed 未知的,未探索的

3. 文章的第二段:

第二段主要论述了美洲是一个大熔炉,融合了欧洲各国移民的不同思想、习俗、文化、传统习惯等。美洲在各种力量的影响下,逐渐形成了自己鲜明的特色。

第二段一共六句。开头第一句是主题句。指出美国(合众国)是两种主要力量相互作用的产物。破折号后面是对这两种力量的解释。第二句和第三句对第一种力量进行了说明。第四句以but开头,表示转折。尽管欧洲各国移民努力用自己的风俗习惯去影响他人,但由于各种因素的影响,都使美洲发生了巨大的变化。这些变化虽然看上去难觅踪迹,但实际上一种新的、具有美洲特色的社会模式已经慢慢形成了。

第47题,句子的主干是破折号前面的这部分。破折号后面的部分作同位语,是对two principal forces的解释。翻译的时候不需调整语序,直接翻译即可。这句话句式较简单,需要注意的单词有2个:1)principal,主要的2)traits特征。这句话的翻译如下:

美国是两种主要力量相互作用的产物——一是具有不同思想、不同风俗和不同民族特征的欧洲各民族人民的迁入;二是改变了这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

接下来,我们边读句子边对句子进行大概的解释。“不可避免地,殖民地时期的美洲是欧洲的投影。成群的英国人、法国人、德国人、苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、荷兰人、瑞典人及其他民族的人不断地穿越大西洋,试图把他们的习惯和传统迁移到这个新世界里。”

第48题,以but开头,表示对上句的转折。句子虽然较长,但结构非常简单。前三个分句是句子的主语,句子主干是“the force, the interplay, and the sheer difficulty caused significant changes”。需要注意的是这三个名词of之后的内容的翻译。需要将这些部分放到主语的前面。翻译的时候注意调整好语序,符合汉语习惯。这句话的翻译可以参考下面:

但是,美洲特有的地理条件的作用,不同民族之间的相互影响,再加上要在一片原始的、全新的大陆上维持旧世界运行方式所存在的巨大困难,这些都引发了巨大变化。

接下来的几句话的大意是:“这些变化是逐渐产生的,最初几乎察觉不到。但这些变化却形成了一种新的社会模式,尽管它在很多方面都与欧洲社会相似,但却已经具有明显美国特色了。”

本段需要掌握的单词有:

1) peculiar to 特有的

2)interplay相互影响

3)scarcely 几乎没有,几乎不

文章第三段主要讲述了欧洲移民历尽艰辛、漂洋过海来到美洲的过程。第一句指出第一批移民来到美洲的时间——在发现美洲大陆的100年之后。第二句是说与此同时,西班牙也在世界各地建起了殖民地。这些欧洲移民乘坐着拥挤狭窄的小船,在6到12周的旅程中,

靠着勉强可以充饥的食物生存了下来。很多船在风暴中失踪了,很多人也因疾病失去了生命,婴儿更是难以幸免。有时风暴把船刮得远离了航线,但有时长时间的风平浪静导致的耽搁又让人难以忍受。

要翻译的句子位于句首,点明了第一批移民的时间。首先通读句子,找出句子的主干,句子主干是“The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic”。第一批移民穿越了大西洋。bound for the territory作后置定语,用来修饰前面的immigrants,而which is now the United States是一个定语从句,用来修饰territory, 意思是这片地域就是如今的美利坚合众国。句子的后半句比较长,表明这次移民的时间。是什么时候?是在15世纪-16世纪的北美探险过去100多年以后。这句话的意思是说,第一批欧洲移民在北美探险过去100多年后来到了美洲这片土地,而如今这里已然是美国的所在地了。考虑到汉语的表达习惯,我们需要将时间状语提前,放到句首。而territory which is now the United States需要注意调整语序,避免修饰语过长。译文可参考下文:

在15-16世纪的北美探险过去100多年以后,第一批满载着移民的船只穿过大西洋,来到了这片土地,也就是今天美国的所在地。

本句翻译需要注意的地方有:

1)时间状语的翻译。需要将时间状语提前至句首,以符合汉语表达习惯。

2)后置定语和定语从句的翻译。需要注意结构调整,不可全部放在主语前面,否则修饰语太长,不符合汉语习惯。

文章的最后一段,主要讲述了移民历尽千辛万苦,最终到达目的地之后的喜悦心情。另外也指出美洲森林资源丰富,覆盖范围广阔,是名副其实的宝库。

本段开头引用记录员的一句话“这些焦灼的旅行者们看见美洲海岸的那一刻,内心立刻充满了难以言表的轻松,整个人都如释重负”。12里以外的空气闻起来简直跟鲜花盛开的花

园一样芳香。这些殖民者们第一眼看到的便是这片新大陆上的茂密森林。接下来是需要翻译的一句话。句子主干是“The virgin forest was a veritable real treasure-house”这片原始森林是一座真正的宝库。veritable的意思是“真正的,名副其实的”。with its richness and variety of trees作为forest的后置定语,用来修饰forest。意思是这片森林的树木资源丰富,种类繁多。翻译的时候可以译为“枝叶繁茂、数轴繁多的原始森林”。句子的后半部分,which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia,是一个定语从句,用来修饰treasure-house。表明这片原始森林的覆盖范围。翻译的时候为了符合汉语习惯,可以将这部分的位置做相应调整。本句译文参考如下:

这片原始森林枝叶繁茂,树种繁多,从缅因州向南,一直绵延到佐治亚州,是一座名副其实的宝库。

本句翻译需要注意的有以下几点:

1)后置定语的翻译。with引导的后置定语可以放在主语后面。

2)定语从句的翻译。which引导的定语从句较长,翻译的时候要注意调整语序。

本段需要掌握的单词和短语如下:

1)inexpressible (感情)难以表达的,无法形容的

2)a glimpse of瞥见,瞥一眼,看一眼

3)abundant 充足的,丰富的,大量的

4)lumber 木材

5)potash 碳酸钾

6)dye 染料

7)naval stores 松脂制品

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Text 1 ①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. ①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. ① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are". ①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. ①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 全文翻译: 在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中,影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了,而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲,让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而,在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中,人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在,如果读到这些集子,人们肯定会惊诧,当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。

历年考研英语翻译汇总(完美打印版)

46.scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them 46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾,大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话,害虫就会把我们吃掉。 47.but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us 47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点:那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利,不管它对我们是否有经济利益。 48.time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies 48.曾几何时,生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据:这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。 49.in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason 49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲,没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。 50.It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning. 50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种,然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。 2009年 46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果,但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。 47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。 只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及;也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。 48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 在我们接触他们(指代不清)的时候,很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果,然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时,却不是那么容易忽略这一点。 49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 既然我们对他们(代词指代不清)的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活,所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。 50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling. 因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中,我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育,即直接支付学费或者奖学金 2008年 46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, 他相信,或许这种困难也有其好处,正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子;从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。 47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. 达尔文还声称,对于冗长且完全抽象的思想,他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因,他确信自己在数学方面根本不会

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