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考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析

考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析
考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered

obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.

Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity own hospital system has banned

sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured

、【答案】B concluded

【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义,后面的部分实际上是研究的结论,因此concluded 符合题意,其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反,doubled(翻倍)与题意较远,ensured(确保)不符合题意,因为研究不能确保后面的事实,只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。

2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 、【答案】A protective

【解析】题干中,对于某些健康情况,超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论,超重能减少罹患疾病的风险,说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反,sufficient表示充足,troublesome 表示有麻烦,不符合题意,所以正确答案为A。

3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

、【答案】C likewise

【解析】第三句话中,较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____,在老年人中,一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系,B选项however也表示逆接,D 选项therefore表示因此,只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也,而且。因此正确答案为C。

4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

、【答案】A indicator

【解析】本句话中,_____,一定程度上超重,经常是健康的_____。A选项,表示指示器,指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin

表示来源,D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容,已经明确指

出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。

5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

、【答案】D concern

【解析】本句话的句意是,需要更加_____是,很难对肥胖加以定义。

A、impact(印象);

B、relevance(相关性);

C、 assistance(辅助);

D、concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康,但是又面临一个问题,到底如何去定义肥胖,因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确答案为D。

6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 、【答案】A in terms of

【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数,或称为BMI来定义。A、in terms of ,根据……,就……而言。B、In case of 表示在某种情况下, C、in favor of 表示赞成,以……来取代,D、in respect of,关于……。因此正确答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标,希望考生能够记住这一背景知识,方便日后做题。

7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

、【答案】C equals

【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高的平方,这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法,也就是一个数学公式,所以equal符合题意。

A measure(测量)、

B determine表示确定;D modify(修订)。句义就是BMI 等于体重除以身高的平方。

8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

、【答案】C in turn

【解析】本题题干中,肥胖_____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in essence(事实上、实际上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级,所以正确答案为C。

9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

、【答案】D straightforward

【解析】题干中,相比之下,这样的数字标准看起来_____,实际上不是的。A、complicated (复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数,肥胖指数分为三类,而且算法比较简单,所以A复杂不正确,B选项保守,用于描述一种数学公式,不恰当,一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一

般是确定的,因此可变的也不符合题意,D选项straightforward表示直截了当,符合题意,因此正确答案为D。

?????? 10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless

【答案】B while

【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的BMI,实际上身材正好,_____其他人有较低的BMI指数,可能_____。从前半句我们可以看出,有些人的BMI 指数很高,应该属于体重肥胖的人,事实上身材正好,这里说明的是反常的现象,后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低,而_____较差。A、so(所以);B、while(而);C、since(因为);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有while有转折的含义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确答案为B。

11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

、【答案】A shape

【解析】本题可以简化为:Some … are fit, while others … may be in poor .不难看出,前后意义相反,且fit(体型健康)与in poor 对应,与之最相关是A shape(外形),故为正确答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"

品味"都相差比较远,可以排除。

12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

12、【答案】B qualify

【解析】本题顺应前文意义:有一些人体型很好,有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员是肥胖的,"开始"不符;"处在"也不符合句意;"退休"内容无关;"被认为"符合句意,正确。

13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

、【答案】C normal

【解析】本句不难理解:有些人脂肪过高,但是BMI却。所需词汇明显是正向的,排除A、B;D属中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,为正确答案。

14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

、【答案】D tendency

【解析】本题解题关键是后半句:to stigmatize obesity(抵毁肥胖),作为划线部分的后置定语,将四个选项"选择""理由""机会""倾向"代入划线处,最符合句意的是D(倾向)。后面一句也进一步证实了(出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的)。

15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

、【答案】b pictured

【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体,根据语境,上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖,所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖,四个选项中,跟媒体相关系的词汇只有b picture 意思为刻画,描写,描述。

16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

、【答案】D associated

【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖_____的原型包括懒惰,缺乏意志力,对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰,缺乏意志力和对成功的期望值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现,分析四个选项,A. 与。。。相比;B 与。。。相结合;C. 和。。。和解;都不符合题意,只有D与。。。相联系,相关符合句意。

17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

、【答案】A even

【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑视超重,而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。本空格缺少一个副词,根据语境记忆常识,此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇,分析四个选项,只有A even 即使符合题意。

18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

、【答案】D grounded

【解析】根据语境,空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度,空后讲到对健康的关注,

激发一批反肥胖的____。本句没有出现任何转折词,说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的,反对肥胖,是基于对健康的关注,分析四个选项,能够表达此意思的词汇,只有选项D grounded,意思是基于。

19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies 、【答案】D policies

【解析】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇,比如 hospital system ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题,浏览四个选项,D选项policies 符合题意,直接入选。

20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without

、【答案】B against

【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖,本句话属于细节的句子,用来支持这个主题,空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的

_____儿童肥胖,甚至告诉奥兹博士,它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对,反抗的意思,纵观四个选项,只有B against 符合题意。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below e ach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Glo ria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from h

er small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest un divided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael No rton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counter intuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of f ancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these ma terial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once excitin g and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better t o spend money on experiences, say MsDumn and Mr Norton, like in teresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thes e purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could s horten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the avera

ge American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is h ardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is ofte n more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxu ries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the p ork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lo t, anxi ous about fulfillment, not may not quite buy happiness, but pe ople in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending mone y on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the w orld, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for mos t people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy idea s, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

[A]A big house

[B]A special tour

[C]A stylish car

[D]A rich meal

、【答案】B A special tour

【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二段的"it is far better to spend money on experiences…like interesting trips…",意思是"花钱消费在经历方面更好……,比如说有趣的旅行……",由此可以得知答案是B

选项"一场特别的旅行"。

22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

、【答案】A critical

【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的"something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly

jollier for it",意思是"普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视,并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快",因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项"批判的"。

23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that

[A]consumers are sometimes irrational

[B]popularity usually comes after quality

[C]marketing tricks are after effective

[D]rarity generally increases pleasure

、【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure

【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段,文章中提到Mc Rib这个例子,用这个例子证明的论点是"luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly",大意是"有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦",D 选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。

24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money

[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

【解析】细节题。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent",大意是"大多数人看完这本书后,认为物有所值",因此可以推知B选项是正确答案。

25. This text mainly discusses how to

[A]balance feeling good and spending money

[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries

[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

【答案】A balance feeling good and spending money

【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知,全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间的关系,因此答案定位在A选项。

Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empir ical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beauti ful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing s trategies to research into what the call the “above average eff ect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% i n driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affir ming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we sta lk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversa w a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rath er that have people simply rate their beauty compress with othe rs, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themsel ves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to

appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapi dly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberat ion”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in respon ses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance th e must (that is, the participants who thought the most positive ly doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for pro found insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images h igher up the attractiveness scale were real directly correspond ed with those who showed other makers for having higher self-es teem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflectio n simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If y ou are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the resu lts of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photo graphs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even r ecognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook ther efore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share onl y the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,be auty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles

are dishonest,sayscatalinatoma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.

26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist h ave found that ______.

[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high

[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect

[C] our need for leadership is unnatural

[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

、【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high 【解析】题目问 "根据第一段,社会心理学家发现了什么?"对应于文章第一段第三句"社会心理学家对所谓的‘高于均数效应’或者‘虚幻

的优越感’进行大量的研究,发现我们中70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上……—这些数据明显都是不可能的。"由此可知,我们对自己评价过高。故答案为[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high。

27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______

[A] rapid watching

[B] conscious choice

[C] intuitive response

[D] automaticself-defence

【答案】C intuitive response

【解析】题目问"视觉识别被认为是人们的什么?"对应于文章第三段第三句"视觉识别是自动的心理过程,这个过程依靠直觉快速发生,且并不是故意的。"由此可知,视觉识别被认为是人们的直觉反应。故答案为[C] intuitive response。

28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______

[A] underestimate their insecurities

[B] believe in their attractiveness

[C] cover up their depressions

[D] oversimplify their illusions

【答案】B believe in their attractiveness

2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译超详解析

2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文是取材于新闻报道,叙述了猪流感的爆发,产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。首段和第二段简 述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点,认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及 美国的情况为例,说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。 二、试题解析 1.【答案】D 【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”,根据declare 的逻辑(“宣布为”),可知应该选D 项 designated“命名,制定”,而不是C 项commented“评论”,这是典型的近义词复现题目。2.【答案】C 【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索,选出答案,难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、 meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系,根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise(“病例数的增加”)是meeting(“日内瓦专家 会议”)的原因,由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因,而是结果,即meeting 使得alert 升级。根据上述分析 可以排除B、D 选项,B 项activated“激活,激起”,D 项“促使,引起”,此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting 的召开。而C 项followed 意思是“紧随,跟在……之后”,体现出after 的逻辑,完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting, meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑,所以是正确项。而A 项proceeded“继续”,属不及物动词,不可接宾语,用法和逻辑 用在此处都不合适。 3.【答案】B 【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and,从并列呼应来看:空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia, 所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases(“病例数的剧增”),因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A 项 digits“(阿拉伯)数字”,不表示数量,不能与rising 形成搭配;C 项amounts“数量”,常修饰不可数名词(此处指 的是cases,可数名词);D 项sums“金额,款项”,不能用于表达“病例数”。B 项numbers “数量”,修饰可数名词(如: large numbers of cases 大量的病例),符合题意。 4.【答案】A 【解析】此处句子开头的“But”是重要的逻辑线索,与上文意思(第二段)形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达 如“heightened alert”、“emergency meeting”和“a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性,所以根据But 和in

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考研英语二2015到2017原文逐句翻译12篇

2017.2.1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. 每周六上午九点,五万多名跑步者在他们附近的公园跑五公里。 The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. “Parkrun”这一现象最初由十几个朋友发起,如今在英国却已引发四百个类似活动,在国外就更多了。 Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. 活动是免费的,还招募了大量的自愿者。 Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. 跑步者从四岁到祖父母辈都有,他们的用时区间从安德鲁·巴德利创造的世界记录13分钟48秒到一个小时不等。Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. “Parkrun”在伦敦奥运会“遗产”失败之处取得了成效。 Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. 十年前的一个周一宣布,第三十届奥林匹克运动会将在伦敦举行。 Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. 计划文件承诺、奥运会的伟大遗产将会让一个国家的体育爱好者离开他们的沙发。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. 人们将身材更好、更键康,并将产生越来越多的冠军,但是这些并未发生。 The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012, but the general population was growing faster. 每周锻炼身体的成年人数量的确在2012年前增加了将近两百万,但总人口增长速度更快。 Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. 更槽糕的是,这个数字现在正在加速下降。 The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 反对者声称,每周至少进行两小时体育运动的小学生减少了近一半。 Obesity has risen among adults and children. 肥胖的成人和儿童人数在增加。 Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." 官方仍在反思为什么2012年伦敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”。 The success of Parkrun offers answers. “Parkrun”的成功给出了答案。 Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Y our only competitor is the clock. “Parkrun”不是竞赛、而是计时赛:你唯一的竞争对手是时间。 The ethos welcomes anybody. 其精神在于欢迎任何人。 There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. 气喘吁吁的初次参与者在冲线时会得到人们的掌声喝彩,由此产生的快乐堪比最有天赋的新星的表现。 The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. 相比之下,奥运会申办者则希望让更多的人参与体育运动并产生更多的精英运动员。The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. 双重目标混为一谈:成功而并非参与的压力会让初次参与者望而生畏。 Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. 实际上,国家把这样一个基本的“草根”概念作为社区体育协会来参与规划是有些荒唐的。 If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods: making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. 如果政府要发挥作用,它应该真正参与到公共设施的建设之中:确保有运动场地的空间,有资金用于建设网球和篮网球场地,并支持学校开展所有这些体育活动。 But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. 但是历届政府都卖过绿地,从地方政府压榨资金并不断减少对体育教育的关注。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. 除了口头和相应的战略内容,未来政府需要作出更多的行动来创造条件,使得体育运动蓬勃发展。 Or at least not make them worse. 或者至少不让情况更加糟糕。

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