考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析名师优质资料

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析

Section I Use of English

一、文章题材结构分析

本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带

来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种

方法做了评述。

二、试题解析

1.【答案】A

【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项

中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，

并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前

的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A

为正确答案。

B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；

C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；

D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但

与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。

2.【答案】C

【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关

系。空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety and

security to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是

否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。

A 项for 表示因果关系；

B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing

并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。

3.【答案】B

【解析】空格中需要填形容词和seems 构成系表结构，并能说明主语that（指代 a world）的特点。鉴于此，考生

可在上文寻找有关a world 的文字表述，并可找到bringing safety and security to a world“给这个世界带来安全和保障”

的信息，表明当前世界需要“安全保障”，即当前世界的特点是“不安全，缺乏保障”，由此可以推断空格中需要“不

安全，缺乏保障，混乱”等类似语意。选项 B 意为“无法无天的，失去法律控制的”，故为正确答案。

A 项careless 意为“粗心的，草率的”；C 项pointless 意为“无意义的，无益的”；D 项helpless 意为“无助的”；都

无法与上文的safety and security 形成对应逻辑，皆为干扰选项。

4.【答案】D

【解析】本题目考生至少需要关注以下两点：（1）空格前的搭配offer sb. sth（2）空格后的不定式搭配（此处表

示目的的逻辑）。上一段提到了网络完全的问题，面对这一问题Howard Schmidt 为联邦政府提出建议，使网络成

为安全之地。D 选项proposal“提议，建议”，和空前搭配“向联邦政府建议”和空后不定式搭配表示提议的目的，符

合文章表达的含义，故为正确选项。

A 项reason 意为“原因，理由”符合（1），但不符合（2），即后面不可连接不定式短语（接介词for）表示目

的；B 项reminder 意为“提醒物”，符合（1）（2）要求，但offered the federal government a reminder to...“提醒政府

记得去……”，逻辑上不妥；C 项compromise 意为“妥协”，一般不用offer sb. sth 的用法，其后也不接不定式to 表

示目的，此外“向政府妥协”更无从说起，故皆为干扰选项。

5.【答案】D

【解析】... a “voluntary trusted identity ”system that would be the high-tech 5 （of a physical key, a fingerprint and a

photo ID card）：本题目处于关系代词that 引导的定语从句中，that 指代先行词“voluntary trusted identity”system，在

从句中做主语，would be 是从句系动词，空格处应该是从句表语，以对主语进行解释说明，且后面接有介词短语做

后置定语，对其修饰限定。根据以上分析，D 选项equivalent 意为“对应物，等同物”既可以对system 做出解释（“该

系统等同于……”），也可以与后面的介词短语形成顺畅的逻辑，在文中表示“相当于集实物钥匙、指纹和带照片身

份证为一体的高科技‘自愿信任身份识别’系统”，故为正确答案。

A项information意为“信息”，不能与system形成主系表逻辑，不能说“系统是信息”，故为干扰项；B项interference

意为“干涉，干扰”，后常接介词with 或in，一般不接of，故为干扰项；C 项entertainment 意为“娱乐；款待”，既与

后面的修饰语（实物钥匙、指纹和带照片身份证）不搭，也明显与上文“加强网络安全”和“自愿身份认证”的逻辑对

应不上，故为干扰项。

6.【答案】B

【解析】空格前的rolled 是考生需要关注的重点，此处roll 是动词，意为“使混合”，常用的搭配是roll ...into...，意

为“滚进；使合为一体”，在此处表示“集……为一体”，故为正确答案。如Banks are several businesses rolled into one.

银行是合为一体的集中不同企业。

本题也可根据前后句意找到线索：a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled

6 one，本句中

all 显然指划线的三处并列表达，rolled 至少可看出是被动逻辑，所以不难理解成“多者被……为一者”，也就是“多

者作为部分被进入到了一个全新者”中，所以选into。

A 项roll by 意为“流逝”；C 项roll from 无此固定搭配；D 项roll over 意为“翻滚”。

7.【答案】A

【解析】... a digital credential ( 7 to a specific computer)...：本题需要关注两点：（1）空格后的介词搭配（to）

（2）括弧表达是前面credential 的后置定语，需与credential 形成顺畅的整体逻辑；A 项link（使关联），常用被

动形式，惯用搭配是be linked to 意为“与……相关”，代入空格与前面的名词整体可理解为“与某一具体电脑相关联

的数字证书”，语义通顺，故选项A 为正确答案。

B 项direct to 意为“把……用于，指示去”；

C 项chain to 意为“拴住，束缚”；

D 项compare to 意为“把……比作，

与……相比”，代入空格语义皆不通顺，故为干扰项。

8.【答案】C

【解析】The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems：本句考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前

的不定式to 表示目的（2）句首的定冠词the 说明本句的idea 与上段的proposal 属于同一逻辑。故该“观点”的目的

就是上段“建议”的目的，空格后的federation of private online identity system 意为“个人在线身份系统联盟”，空格中

需要动词，表示“建立，创造，形成”等类似含义，故选项A 的create 为正确答案。

A 项dismiss 意为“解雇，解散”，与文意相反；

B 项discover 意为“发现”，通常指“不经意法相”，不能表示本句

的主观目的，此外“联盟”是机构，机构应是“建立”的而非“发现”的；D 项improve 意为“改善，提高”，通常是对既

有事物的改进，但空格后的不定式告诉考生这是一个全新的机构，全新的机构只能是“建立”。

9.【答案】C

【解析】Users could 9 which system to join...：本句主语是users（用户），故空格中所需谓语动词应该和“使用”

有关；空格后的宾语是which system to join“进入哪个系统”，由此推断空格中需要填“选择”或者“决定”等类似含义，

表示“用户可以选择加入哪个具体系统”，故C 选项select“选择，挑选”为正确答案。

A 项recall 意为“回忆，回想”，上文提及系统的建立仅仅是提案的目的，尚未实施，故“回忆”在此逻辑不通；B

项suggest 意为“建议”，“建议”通常针对的对象是他人，而本句主语“users”应该是“被建议”的对象；D 项realize 意

为“实现”，通常指的是既定目标的实现，但是后面的宾语which system to join 在逻辑上应该是实现目的的方式，而

非目的本身。

10.【答案】B

【解析】...that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government：空格中需

要填动词的过去分词，

做中心词driver’s license 的定语。该过去分词的逻辑主语是government“政府”，逻辑宾语是driver's license“驾驶执

照”，由此推断空格中需要“颁发”之意，故B 选项issue“出版，发表；颁发，签发”为正确答案。

A 项release 意为“释放，发行”；C 项distribute 意为“分配，分布”；D 项deliver 意为“递送，交付”，明显与空格

前后的逻辑性不强，故为干扰项。

11.【答案】D

【解析】https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1d3397168.html,panies that already have these “single sign-on”systems //that make it possible for users to 11 just

once but use many different services：//后面是关系代词that 引导的定语从句，that 指代先行词systems，意为“这种

系统可以使用户……一次便可以享受多项服务”。single 对应just once，而sign-on（签约）对应空白，根据空格所

在句子的前半部分“谷歌和微软等公司已经启用了签名系统”可知，“签约”在本句是比喻用法，指的是用户在注册系

统中的注册登记，故空白含义需要“登录，注册”等类似含义，所以D 项log in“登录，进入”为正确答案。

A 项carry on 意为“从事，忙于；继续进行”，与空格后的just once 明显无法搭配；

B 项linger on 意为“停留，徘

徊”，与空格后的just once 也明显无法搭配；C 项set in 意为“嵌入，开始，到来”，由于动作发出者是users（网络

用户），“网络用户”不会发出“嵌入”这样的动作，故为干扰项。

12.【答案】B

【解析】12 , the approach would create a “walled garden”in cyberspace...：这种句首有空格，其后有逗号的题目，

通常需要填逻辑性很强的副词或介词短语，以承上启下，体现上下文的逻辑关系。其解题思路是比对上下文信息，

具体到本题目：根据空格后的the approach（注意定冠词的指示意义）可知上文讲述的是这种方式，而would create

a “walled garden ”in cyberspace“这种方法会在网络上建起‘带围墙的花园’”，表示这种方法的实际效果，由此推断空

格中需要“事实上，其实”等类似含义，故B 选项in effect“实际上，事实上”为正确答案。

A 项in vain 意为“徒劳地，无用地”，与空格后的would create...逻辑相反；C 项in return 意为“作为报答；反过来”，

通常指付出与收益的逻辑对应；D 项in contrast 意为“相反，相比之下”，体现上下文的对比反差关系，此处上下文

是承接的关系。

13.【答案】A

【解析】...with safe “neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community：根据空格

所在句子的大意是“这种方法会在网络空间中创建一中带有安全‘街区’和明亮‘街灯’的

围墙的花园’”，来营造一中具

有什么感觉的社区”。空格中需要填的词语便是这种感觉，不难推断出这是个“安全，放心，值得信任”的社区，故

A 选项trusted“信任的，信赖的”为正确答案。

B 项modernized 意为“现代化的”；

C 项thriving 意为“兴旺的”；

D 项competing 意为“竞争的”；不能与safe

“neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”形成逻辑对应。

14.【答案】C

【解析】“individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each

other and the identities of the infrastructure...根据上文提及的“营造相互信任的社区氛围”及下文空格后的trusting the

identities of each other 提示空格中需要填trusting 的近义词表达“信任，相信”等含义，表示“这是一种个人和组织可

以放心地完成网上交易的系统”，故 C 选项with confidence“满怀信心地，放心地”为正确答案。

A 项caution 意为“谨慎，小心”，与划线表达trusting...构成相反逻辑；

B 项delight 意为“快乐，高兴”，与划线表

达trusting...对应性不强；D 项patience 意为“耐心，耐烦”，与划线表达trusting...也无法形成对应。

15.【答案】A

【解析】...the infrastructure（15 which the transaction runs）：本题是对定语从句知识点的考核。空格处的介

词与其后的从句which the transaction runs 一起作定语修饰空格前的“infrastructure”，关系代词which 前面的介词选

哪个，首先取决于先行词的搭配选择，which 指代infrastructure（基础，基础设施），既为基础，其他物应在其上，

故该词常接介词on（依赖，在……上），表示交易凭借基础设施而得以进行，故选项A 为正确答案。

16.【答案】A

【解析】Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. （Some applaud the approach; others

are concerned.）：根据下文括弧内信息“一些人对此表示赞成，而另一些人则表示担忧”可知，主张隐私权利的活跃

分子对政府的这项计划观点有分歧，故A 选项divided“使产生分歧”为正确答案。

B项disappointed意为“使失望”；C项protected意为“保护”；D项united意为“联合”无法与下文的some...;others...

形成逻辑对应。

17.【答案】D

【解析】...such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license”

mentality：根据斜体词initiative（开始的，初步的）、toward（朝着……方向）以及would （将来）可以推知空格

的含义应是讨论这个计划“未来的结果或趋势”，D 选项eventually“最终，最后”用在文

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考研英语二文章翻译完整版

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完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？ 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make?it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away?from)机器。”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointt hatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandthei nformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacingla borwithmachinesorforeignworkers.最近出现了很多(anumberof)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(makeapoint)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly?high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往，具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今，普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活，其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(haveaccessto)比普通还要低廉的价格，来雇佣国外员工，购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software)，实现自动化(automation)，获得天才(genus)。因此，每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献，这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(standout),不管他们身处什么工作领域(fieldofemployment)。

2005-2017年历年考研英语二翻译真题

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied