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中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析

中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析
中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析

中考英语情态动词考点归纳与例析

【重点讲解】

情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“必须”、“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身具有一定的意义,但词义不完全,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,没有非谓语形式。

常见情态动词用法归纳:

1.can和could: can表示能力、可能,只用于一般现在时,过去时用could。(比较:be able to可以用于多种时态。) 但could表示提出委婉的请求,或在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时,不表示时态。例如:

Could I have the television on? 我可以打开电视吗?

He couldn’t be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。

2. may和might表示允许或请求。might表示推测时,不表示时态,只是表示可能性比may小。

3. may(might) have + done sth的意思是“可能已经做了某事”,推测在过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如:

He may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

4. must和have to都是“必须”的意思。have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。另外,must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。否定推测用can't。

5. must have +done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”,“谅必”的意思。例如:

-- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.

-- She must have gone by bus.

6. should和ought to 都是“应该”的意思,可用于各种人称。

7. ought to have done sth/ should have done sth 表示本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句则表示“不该做某事而做了”。另外,ought to 在语气上比should 要强。例如:

You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.

He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.

8. need和dare 既可用作实义动词用,又可用作情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句中。

9. needn't have done sth 表示“本没必要做某事”。例如:

I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.

10. Will/Would yo u do…? 表示“请求”、“劝说”。如果加上please,则语气更加客气。

11. Shall I/ we…?表示征求意见。

12. would like to do sth 表示“想要做某事(= want to do sth)”,为固定搭配。例如:

Would you like to go with me?

【中考链接】

1. -- Can I go fishing with you, Dad?

-- No, you ________. You ________ stay at home and do your homework first.

A. won’t, may

B. can’t, must

C. shouldn’t, ought

D. needn’t, should

答案:B。【解析】问句是说“可以去钓鱼吗?”从答句结尾可知,父亲是叫孩子呆在家里做作业,所以否定回答应为No, you can’t。

2. -- Our class won the English speaking contest.

-- Congratulations! You________ be very proud of it.

A. can

B. need

C. would

D. must

答案:D。【解析】根据上下文,本题要填表示肯定推测的must。答句的意思是“祝贺你们!你们一定为此而自豪。”

3.-- Have you seen my glasses?I ________ find them.

-- Sorry, I haven’t seen them.

A. can’t

B. shouldn’t

C. won’t

D. mustn’t

答案:A。【解析】提问的人是在找不到自己的眼镜的情况下问“Have you seen my glasses?”的,所以选A。

4. -- Must I write all the words down now?

-- No, you ________.

A. mustn`t

B. can’t

C. won’t

D. needn’t

答案:D。【解析】用must提问时,否定回答表示“不必要”时,用needn’t。

5. -- The sports shoes must be Linda’s.

-- No, they _____ be. They’re too small for her.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. may not

D. might not

答案:B。【解析】从答句开头可知,这里是有把握的否定判断,要用can’t。句意为“不可能是”。

6. -- You ________sleep in class.

-- Sorry, Miss Wang. I _______.

A.mustn’t, mustn’t

B. can’t , needn’t

B. C. mustn’t, won’t D. shouldn’t , may not

答案:C。【解析】mustn’t 表示禁止,意思是“千万不要”。第二空填won’t,表示“我不会再睡觉的” 。

7. -- May I take the magazine out of the reading room?

-- _______. Please read it here.

A. Certainly.

B. No, you need n’t

C. No, you can’t.

D. N o, you may not.

答案:C。【解析】阅览室的杂志一般只能在阅览室里看,是不可以拿走的。”can’t”表示“不可以”,语气较强,所以选C。

8. -- Excuse me , how can I get to the hi-tech Exhibition Hall?

-- Sorry, I am new here. The policeman over there ______know.

A. shall

B. may

C. need

D. would

答案:B。【解析】may表示猜测,意思为“可能”。问句的意思是“怎样去高交会馆?”。回答是“那边的警察可能知道。”

9. You ________ return the book now. You can keep it for another week.

A. needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. can’t

D. won’t

答案:A。【解析】从结尾一句的意思判断选A 。needn’t的意思是“不必”。

10. -- Tom, where is your father?

-- I’m not s ure. He _______ in his office.

A. is

B. may be

C. maybe

D. may

答案:B。【解析】从“I’m not sure”判断,回答问题的人不能确定他父亲在那里,所以排除A。而C和D在句中都不能单独作谓语,故选B。

11. He went back home just now. He ___be here now.

A. mightn’t

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. has to

答案:C。【解析】can’t表示表示猜测,意思是“不可能”。

【习题精炼】

1. -- Could I borrow your dictionary?

--Yes, of course, you______.

A. might

B. will

C. can

D. should

2. -- Shall I tell John about it?

-- No, you _______. I've told him already.

A. needn't

B. wouldn't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

3. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. tell

B. have told

C. be telling

D. having told

4. -- May I smoke here?

-- No, you _______.

A. mustn't

B. don't

C. needn't

D. must

5. You _______ to school tomorrow if you go to look after your mother in the hospital.

A. don't need come

B. don't come

C. needn't to come

D. needn't come

6. -- Is the girl in red Mary?

-- No, it _______ be Mary . She's doing her homework at home.

A. must

B. may

C. can't

D. mustn't

7. -- Why isn’t Tom in school today?

-- He _____ be sick, or he’d have been here already.

A. should

B. must

C. may

D. would

8. -- Is Mr Hu in the reading room?

--No, he _____be there. He has gone to Tianjing.

A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. won’t

D. can’t

9. -- May mustn’t I go swimming in the river, Mum?

-- No, you ______. It’s dangerous.

A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. don’t

D. haven’t

10. -- ______you like to go shopping with me?

-- Yes, I ________.

A. Would, would

B. Will, will like

C. Would, would love

D. Would , would love to

11. -- Must I hand in the homework now?

-- No , you ______. But you _____hand it in tomorrow.

A. mustn’t, must

B. needn’t, have to

C. needn’t,can

D. musn’t, must

【答案详解】

1. 答案:C。【解析】问句开头的could表示委婉的语气,并不表示时态。答语中of course表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和may来表达,不能用could或might。

2. 答案:A。【解析】needn't 意为“不必”,“不用”。wouldn't意为“将不”,“不会的”。mustn't意为“禁止”,“不可以”。shouldn't意为“不应该”。从结尾的一句的意思判断,这里要用needn't。

3. 答案:B。【解析】由于后半句为过去时,可见“告诉秘密”的动作发生在其前,因此ought not to 后要用完成时“have told”。

4. 答案:A。【解析】问句的意思是“我可以在这儿抽烟吗”,否定回答为“你不可以”,因此选A。mustn't含有禁止意味,语气比may not强。

5. 答案:D。【解析】从语法结构上看,A项中come前缺to。C 项中come 前的to应去掉。

6. 答案:C。【解析】根据最后一句“玛丽正在家里做家庭作业”这一信息,可知“穿红衣服的姑娘不是玛丽”,应用can't,表否定的推测。故选C。

7. 答案:B。【解析】must和may都有表示猜测的用法。Must表示的可能性较大,而may表示可能性较小。从答句中我们可以判断这里的可能性应该较大,因为“他肯定生病了,否则,他早就到这儿了”。所以该题的答案为B。.

8. 答案:D。【解析】根据最后一句判断,Mr Hu已经去天津了,他不可能在这里。表示否定的推测要用can’t。mustn’t 表示“不可以”,不允许,needn’t表

示“不必”,won’t表示“不会”猜测的意思。所以选D。

9. 答案:A。【解析】mustn’t表示禁止意味,意思是“不可以”。

10. 答案:D。【解析】Would you like to …..?的肯定回答要用I would love to 或I would like to。would可以省略为“d ”,但结尾的to不能省略。

11. 答案: B。【解析】第一空只能用needn’t,第二空可以用must或have to。

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