初中语法宾语从句精讲精练

宾语从句

概述用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

that

引导词if, whether

特殊疑问词

语序一般语序

语序不变

主句为一般现在时

时态主句为一般过去时

从句为客观真理

主句为Could / Would / Will you …

宾语从句在句中可作及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。

I know that he has returned. (动词的宾语)

I am surprised that you didn’t hear about it before. (形容词的宾语)

I am curious that what he will say. (介词的宾语)

一、宾语从句的引导词

1. 宾语从句为陈述句时，引导词通常用that，无实在意义，一般情况下可省略。

e.g. I don’t know (that) he is leaving for the US.

以下情况that 不可省略：

1）and 连接两个或多个宾从，第二个以及后面的宾从中that不可省略。

e.g. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.

2)that 引导的宾从做except，in, but, besides 等少数介词的宾语时，that 不可省略。

e.g. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

3)that 从句位于句首时，that 不可省略。

e.g. That he ever said such a thing I didn’t believe.

4)主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that 不可省略。

e.g. He told me, believe it or not, that he would buy a car.

5)that 引导的宾语从句中又含有从句时，that 一般不可省略。

e.g. I think that if you study hard, you will pass the test.

2. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether，意为“是否”。一般情况下if 和whether 可互换.

但以下几种情况只能用whether，

1）当从句中有or / or not时，只能用whether。

2）引导词后为动词不定式时，只能用whether。

3）从句作介词的宾语时，只能用whether。

e.g. Sorry, I don’t know whether to hold the autumn sports meet next week.

I want to know whether we are going to hold the sports meet or not.

I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.

[真题]

1. We don’t know__________ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr. Li.【11重庆】

A. what to do

B. to do what

C. whether to do

D. to do whether

2. We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know__________ Tom will come and join us. 【11天津】

A. whether

B. which

C. what

D. where

3. — Is Tom still in New York or already back at home? 【12十堰】

—I’m not sure __________. I’ll call to make sure.

A. how he will be back

B. that he has come back

C. why he has come back

D. if he has been back

4. — What about going to the South Lake for a picnic next weekend?

—OK. But I’m not sure__________ it will rain. 【12绵阳】

A. why

B. where

C. when

D. whether

5. Do you know __________ Zunyi or not tomorrow? 【12黔西南】

A. whether are they leaving for

B. whether they are leaving for

C. if they are leaving for

D. if are they leaving for

【答案】1-5 CABDB

【解析】

1. B和C选项的形式不对，因为句子中有it故A选项是错误的，只能用whether to do。

2. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。

3. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。

4. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。

5. 从句中有or not时，只能用whether，且从句语序要用陈述语序。

3. 从句为特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，经常有who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whoever, whatever, wherever, whenever.

e.g. I want to know why you don’t like studying.

I want to know what you like to do.

I don’t care wherever you will go.

[真题]

1. — Could you tell me__________ he came here?

— He drove here himself. 【12.安徽】

A. how

B. why

C. when

D. whether

2. I can’t remember__________ I put the book, and I need it for my homework now. 【11广州】

A. where

B. how

C. what

D. why

3.—Do you know__________ Emma is?

—I met her on the playground just now.【11丽水】

A．what B．how C．where D．who

4. — Do you know __________the girl in white is?

—I’m not sure. Maybe she is a doctor.【11绥化】

A. how

B. where

C. what

D. who

5. — Could you tell me __________?

— He's a bank clerk. 【11成都】

A. who your father is

B. what your father does

C. where your father works

6. Do you know__________fom Yiyang to Changsha?【11益阳】

A. how far it is

B. how far is it

C. how long is it

7. — I wonder__________like to be an astronaut(宇航员).

—I don’t know, but I imagine it’s exciting.【11沈阳】

A. what is it

B. what it is

C. whether is it

D. whether it is.

【答案】1-5 AACCB 6-7 AB

【解析】

1. 由答语判断，提问方式，引导词用特殊疑问词how。

2. 由答语判断，引导词用特殊疑问词where。

3. 由答语判断，提问地点，引导词用特殊疑问词where。

4. 由答语判断，提问职业，引导词用特殊疑问词what。

5. 由答语判断，提问职业，引导词用特殊疑问词what。

6. 由答语判断，提问距离，引导词用特殊疑问词how far, 宾语从句中语序为陈述语序。

7. 由答语判断，引导词用特殊疑问词what，宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。

二、宾语从句的语序

1. 宾语从句的语序一般为陈述语序，即主语+ 谓语+ ……

e.g. Do you know when we are going to hold the Christmas party?

Could you tell me what you are going to be when you grow up?

[真题]

1.—I hear we’ll have a new foreign teacher soon. Do you know when __________?

— Sorry, I have no idea.【09朝阳】

A. he will come

B. will he come

C. is he coming

D. he was coming

2. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me __________? 【09广州】

A. where is the bank nearest

B. where is the nearest bank

C. where the nearest bank is

D. the nearest bank is where

3. — Do you know __________tomorrow?

— Sorry, I don't know. You may surf the internet.【11湘潭】

A. whether will it rain

B. if it will rain

C. whether does it rain

4. — Do you know __________?

— Yes. She is doing her homework.【11广西】

A. what is your sister doing

B. what your sister is doing

C. when your sister is doing homework

D. where is your sister doing homework

5. — Could you tell me __________ the party?

— Next Friday.【11柳州】

A. where we are going to have

B. when we are going to have

C. when we were going to have

【答案】1-5 ACBBB

【解析】

1. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。根据语境判断，时态应选用一般将来时。

2. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

3. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

4. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。由答语判断，连接词应用what引导。

5. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序, 由答语可知需用when提问。

2. 从句为疑问句，但语序保持不变的有：

1）what's wrong / the matter (with sb.)

e.g. Do you know what’s the matter with Mr. Zi?

The teacher asked me what was wrong with Jenny.

[真题]

—Can you tell me__________?

—I lost my MP3 player.【11铜仁】

A. What’s the matter with you

B. what the matter is with you

C. what the matter you is

D. what the matter with you are.

【答案】A

【解析】

宾语从句为what's wrong / the matter (with sb.)类的疑问句，故语序不变。2）what happened (to sb.) / what has happened

e.g. The teacher asked me what happened to Jenny.

Do you know what happened on the street?

3）which is the way to …

e.g. Could you tell me which is the way to the Nanhu Park?

Sorry, I don’t know which is the way to the Nanhu Park.

4) Who’s on duty?/ What is in the box?

e.g. The teacher asked who was on duty.

My mother wondered what was in the box.

3. 当主句是一般现在时，主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等表达个人观点的动词时，如果宾从中含有not 时，需要把not 提到主句谓语上，即主句动词变为否定。

e.g. I don’t think he can do it better than I.

注意：当谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定不能前移。

e.g. I hope he won’t suffer so much.

三、宾语从句的时态

1. 若主句的时态是一般现在时，则宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

e.g. I don’t believe you won’t learn English well.

Harry Potter knows what has happened to Hogwarts.

[真题]

1. I don’t know__________ the charity show tomorrow. Can you tell me?【09宿迁】

A. when we start

B. when did we start

C. when we will start

D. when will we start

2. I don’t rem ember__________the book yesterday.【13北京】

A. where I put

B. where did I put

C. where will I put

D. where l will put

3. — Do you know __________ this afternoon?

— I'm not sure, but I'll tell you as soon as she __________.【13 江苏连云港】

A. how will Betty arrive; starts

B. how Betty will arrive; will start

C. what time will Betty arrive; will start

D. what time Betty will arrive; starts

4. —I want to know.

—Sorry. I’ve no idea. But she was here just now.【13广东湛江】

A. where is Ann

B. where Ann is

C. where was Ann

D. where Ann was

5. —Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you.

—Thanks. I wonder__________.【13山东滨州】

A. who the letter was from

B. who was from the letter

C. who was the letter from

D. who from the letter was

【答案】

1-5 CADBA

【解析】

1. 主句为一般现在时，从句中有时间状语tomorrow，所以用一般将来时。

2. 主句为一般现在时，从句中有时间状语yesterday，所以用一般过去时。

3. 第一问题目问下午什么时候到，为一般将来时，因为主句为一般现在时故从句仍用一般将来时；第二问是主将从现。

4. 根据题意是问Ann现在在哪儿因此从句要用一般现在时。

5. 根据题意信从哪儿来是发生在过去，主句为一般现在时因此从句仍然要用一般过去时并且语序为陈述语序。

2. 若主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句则必须以过去时为基点进行时态呼应，从句时态需要倒推

e.g. Miss Ben told us that we would finish the work on Monday.

Miss Li said that she had been to many places of interest.

[真题]

1. Miss Green didn't tell us__________ in 2002, but now she lives in our school.【09阜康】

A. where does she live

B. where she lives

C. where did she live

D. where she lived

2. — Sorry, what did you say just now?

— I asked __________.【09德州】

A. when did he leave

B. where you have been

C. whom will you go with

D. how I could get to the station

3. The policewoman asked the little boy __________.【12湖北】

A. where did he live

B. where he lived

C. where he lives

D. where does he lives

4. The woman asked the policeman where__________.【13山东潍坊】

A. the post office is

B. was the post office

C. is he post office

D. the post office was

5. Tom asked whether__________after he finished his project.【13黑龙江齐齐哈尔】

A. can he go to the cinema

B. he can go to the cinema

C. he could go to the cinema

【答案】1-5 DDBDC

【解析】

1. 主句中动词didn’t为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。

2. 主句中动词asked为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。

3. 主句中动词asked为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。

4. 主句为一般过去时，从句需要与其相呼应。

5. 主句为一般过去时，从句需要与其相呼应。

3. 特殊情况下，可以不用倒推：

1）主句为Could / Would / Will you …? 等表客气请求的语句，则从句的时态保持不变。

e.g. Could you tell me what grade you can get in next test?

Would you please tell me what you are going to order?

[真题]

1. — Could you tell me __________?

— Yes, it will start at ten.【09湛江】

A. when will the meeting begin

B. when the meeting will begin

C. where the meeting begins

D. where does the meeting begin

2. — Could you tell me__________?

— Certainly. In half an hour.【12广东】

A. when will the high speed train arrive

B. when the high speed train will arrive

C. when would the high speed train arrive

D. when the high speed train would arrive

3. Could you please tell me __________ a great actress? 【13四川内江】

A. how Zhao Wei has become

B. haw did Zhao Wei become

C. how became Zhao Wei

D. how does Zhao Wei became

4. — Could you tell me __________?【13山东青岛】

—At the end of July.

A. how often he heard from his pen pal

B. how soon he will be here

C. that he went on vacation

D. when you will start your vacation

5. — Could you tell me __________? I’m going to pick you up at the airport.

— At 15:45 this Friday.【13浙江宁波】

A. where you met me

B. who you are coming with

C. when you came here

D. what time you are arriving

【答案】1-5 BBADD

【解析】

1. could表委婉语气，不是can的过去式，因此从句仍然用原来时态。

2. 主句中could表委婉语气，根据答语“in half an hour”可知从句应用一般将来时。

3. 主句中could表委婉语气，赵薇从过去到现在一直是优秀的演员因此从句要用现在完成时。

4.根据题意是对时间的提问，因此用when提问并用表示将来的时间。

5.主句中could表委婉语气，根据答语从句要用一般将来时。

2）当主句谓语为过去时，但是从句为客观事实或真理时，从句时态不用倒推。

e.g. Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.

[真题]

1. He said that light __________ much faster than sound.【11江苏】

A. has traveled

B. went

C. travels

D. traveled

2. Our physics teacher told old us light__________faster than sound.【13贵州黔东南】

A. travels

B.traveled

C.traveling

D. to travel

3. The teacher asked the students__________.【13黑龙江绥化】

A. why the earth went around the sun

B. why does the earth go around the sun

C. why the earth goes around the sun

【答案】1-3 CAC

【解析】

1. 宾语从句中，从句为客观真理时，从句时态始终用一般现在时。

2. 宾语从句中，从句为客观真理时，从句时态始终用一般现在时。

3. 宾语从句中，从句为客观真理时，从句时态始终用一般现在时。

3）当主句为过去时, 如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。

e.g. She said she came to work here in 1998.

The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1945.

第一组

1. — Could you please tell me__________?

—They’re over there. 【12梅州】

A. where are the restrooms

B. where were the restrooms

C. where the restrooms are

D. where the restrooms were

2. — Could you tell me__________?

— Certainly. In half an hour. 【12广东】

A. when will the high speed train arrive

B. when the high speed train will arrive

C. when would the high speed train arrive

D. when the high speed train would arrive

3. — Can you tell me __________ this morning?

—Sorry, I’ve no idea.【12 桂林】

A. why didn’t Daming come to school

B. why Daming didn’t come to school

C. why doesn’t Daming come to school

D. why Daming doesn’t come to school

4. — Show me the map, please. I wonder __________.

— Look, it's here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.【12福州】

A. where is Diaoyu Island

B. where Diaoyu Island is

C. what is Diaoyu Island like

5. — Can you tell me __________ the prize, Tom?

— Last year. 【12北京】

A. when you got

B. when did you get

C. when will you get

D. when you will get

6. The math problem is so hard. I really don’t know__________.【12鸡西】

A. how to do it

B. how to do

C. what to do it

7. — Excuse me, could you tell me __________ to get the post office?

— Certainly. The No. 15 bus. 【12玉林】

A. which bus I should take

B. I should take which bus

C. should I take which bus

D. which bus should I take

8. — Hi, Lucy. Here’s a letter for you.

— Thanks. I want to know__________ .

A. who that letter was from

B. who was from that letter

C. who was that letter from

D. who from that letter was

9. I don't know __________.【12怀化】

A. when the train will leave

B. when will the train leave

C. the train will leave when

10. We haven’t discussed yet __________.【12苏州】

A. where we are going to put our new table

B. where are we going to put our new table

C. what we are going to put our new table

D. what are we going to put our new table

11. — Hello, Jack. Haven't, seen you for long. I am calling to check __________ you are. — Very well. I'm glad you called. 【12丽水】

A. how

B. what C .where D. who

12. — Show me the photo please. I wonder__________.

— Look, it’s my sister.

A. who she is

B. what she is

C. who is she

13. — Have you ever seen the movie 2012?

—Yes, but I don’t believe__________ the year 12 will see the end of the world.【12菏泽】

A. that

B. what

C. how

D. if

14. — Could you tell me __________?

— Of course.【12杭州】

A. where's there a good place to eat

B. where there’s a good place to eat

C. where is a good place to eat

D. where a good place to eat

15. I wonder __________ . 【12六盘水】

A. where does he live

B. how old he is

C. what is he doing?

D. how soon will he come hack

16. — Could you please show me __________.【12凉山】

— Sure, no problem.

A. how I can use the computer

B. how can I use the computer

C. what I can use the computer

17. — Could you tell me ?

—By searching the Internet.【12重庆】

A. how you got the information

B. why you got the information

C. how did you get the information

D. why did you get the information

18. — Can you tell me __________? 【12自贡】

— By doing more exercises and speaking.

A. how I can improve my English

B. how do I deal with my English

C. what's wrong with my English

19. I want to write to my aunt, but I don’t know__________.【12雅安】

A. What her e-mail address was

B. What was her e-mail address

C. What her e-mail address is

D. What is her e-mail address

20. I wanted to know __________ last weekend.【12宜宾】

A. what Mary does

B. what does Mary do

C. what Mary did

D. what did Mary do

21. — Can you tell me __________?

—With Lucy’s help. 【12天津】

A. when you did it so well

B. when did you do it so well

C. how you did it so well

D. how did you do it so well

22. — Excuse me. could you tell me __________?

— In the supermarket.【12湖州】

A. where I can buy this kind of CD player

B. where can I buy this kind of CD player

C. if I can buy this kind of CD player

D. if can I buy this kind of CD player

23. — Can you guess__________the new Nike sports shoes?

— Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.【12宁波】

A. how he paid for

B. where he bought

C. when he paid for

D. why he bough

24. — Can you tell me __________?

— He is in the library.【12衢州】

A. where was Jack

B. where Jack was

C. where is Jack

D. where Jack is

25. — Can you tell me__________ to travel to Dalian?

— About two hours by plane.【12温州】

A. how much it costs

B. what I should take

C. how long it takes

D. which is the best season

【答案】1-5 CBBBA 6-10 AAAAA 11-15 AAABB 16-20 AAACC 21-25 CAADC 【解析】

1.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

2.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且could表委婉语气，这里不是can的过去式。

3.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，由this morning判断从句时态用一般过去时。

4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

5.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，由last year判断从句时态用一般过去时。

6.宾语从句可与疑问代词+to do结构相互转换，且由语境判断疑问词选how。

7.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

8.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

9.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

10.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，由语境判断疑问词选where。

11.由答语判断，引导词选疑问词how。

12.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序,排除C，根据对话的答语，故选A。

13.从句为陈述句时，引导词用that。

14.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

15.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

16.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由答语判断，提问方式，引导词用how。

17.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由答语判断，提问方式，引导词用how。

18.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由答语判断，提问方式，引导词用how。

19.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由语境判断，时态应用一般现在时。

20.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由last weekend判断，时态应用一般过去时。

21.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由答语判断，引导词用how。

22.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由答语判断，提问地点，引导词用where。

23.且由答语判断，引导词用how。

24.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由语境判断，时态应用一般现在时。

25.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，且由答语判断，提问时间长短，引导词用how long。

第二组

1. I didn’t know __________.

A. how I could get on well with others

B. how I can get on well with others

C. how can I get on well with others

D. how could I get on well with others

2. — Could you tell me__________?

— Yes, you can go there by bus.

A. how can I get to Zhongshan Park

B. where is the Zhongshan Park

C. how I can get to Zhongshan Park

D. where Zhongshan Park is

3. Everyone can play an important part in society. As members, we should try our best to do__________.【12黄石】

A. what we should do

B. what should we do

C. how we should do

D. how should we do

4. — Could you tell me __________?

—I’m not sure. 【12随州】

A. how many people have been out of hospital

B. when is Thanksgiving Day

C. which animal does he like best

D. what time will the dolphin show start

5. I didn't see Lucy at the party last night. Do you know__________? 【12咸宁】

A. why didn't she come

B. what happened

C. when would she arrive

D. where she has been

6. —Do you know __________ London for the 30th Olympic Games?

—Next month. 【12孝感】

A. when they visited

B. when will they visit

C. when did they visit

D. when they will visit

7. Miss Lee asked me__________.

A. weather I live in the city

B. weather I lived in the city

C. that I live in the city

D. that I lived in the city

8. — Could you please tell me __________more about “shoe yogurt”?【12宜昌】

— Certainly. You can look it up in this webpage.

A. when could I learn

B. Where I can learn

C. when I can learn C. where could I learn

9. Please tell me __________next. 【12永州】

A. how to do it

B. what to do it

C. how do it

10. The teacher asked Li Hua __________.【12永州】

A. why he was late for class

B. why was he late for class

C. why is he late for class

11. — Excuse me, could you tell me__________?

—Sorry, sir. I wasn’t there at that time. 【12肇庆】

A. how did the accident happen

B. how the accident happened

C. how the accident happens

12. — Do you know __________?

— At the end of July.【12连云港】

A. how soon is your sister running back home

B. how often Nancy hear from her pen friend

C. when the London Olympic Games will be held

D. when will the new computer game come out

13. — Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China?

— Yes, I am still wondering__________.【12南京】

A. how is Chinese paper cut made

B. how was the Great Wall built in ancient times

C. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance

D. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival

14. Can you tell me__________in the future?【12宿迁】

A. how life will be like

B. how will life be like

C. what life will be like

D. what will life be like

15. — Tom, please tell me__________.

— In Sunshine Second School.【12徐州】

A. where will the match take place

B. where the match will take please

C. Many hands make light work

D. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket

16. I wonder__________.【12镇江】

A. if Dr. Ma still works on the ORBIS plane

B. how much does the tallest man in the world weigh

C. when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry

D. that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon

17. — What did your teacher say this morning?

— She told us __________.【12呼和浩特】

A. why was Tom late for school again

B. whether we had too much homework

C. how she did come to school this morning

D. that we would have a test soon

18. — Could you tell me__________?

— Yes, you can go there by bus. 【12铜仁】

A. how can I get to the Miao King City

B. where is the Miao King City

C. how I can get to the Miao King City

D. where the Miao King City is

19. — Could you tell me __________?

— He rides his bike. 【12襄阳】

A. how does he go to work

B. how he goes to work

C. what does he do

D. where he goes

20. — I'm doing a survey. Could you tell me __________?

— Sure. I usually go to work at 7:00 am. 【12济南】

A. why you go to work

B. how you go to work

C. when you go to work

D. who you go to work with

21. These animals are in danger. We should think __________ to protect them. 【12日照】

A. what can we do

B. what we can do

C. how can we do

D. how we can do

22.I don’t know __________ Apple iphone4s. 【12泰安】

A. that she is so crazy about

B. what is she so crazy about

C. why she is so crazy about

D. how she is so crazy about

23. Could you tell me__________? 【12烟台】

A. where is the headmaster

B. whose camera it is

C. what Jack was happened

D. how long does it take you to the aquarium

24. Tomorrow is Father’s Day. I don’t know __________.【12陕西】

A. what can I do for my father

B. what I will get for my father

C. where I went with my father

D. where will I go with my father

25. —I can’t find Mike. Could you tell me __________?

— He is in the library. 【12成都】

A. what he is

B. how he is

C. where he is

【答案】1-5ACAAB 6-10 DBBAA 11-15 BCCCB 16-20 ADCBC 21-25 BCBBC 【解析】

1.宾语从句用陈述语序，故排除C,D。又因为主句是过去时，所以选A了。

2.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，排除A与B。且由对话答语判断，引导词应选how。

3.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，由语境判断，引导词用what。

4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。BCD全都是疑问语序。A中是how many people在这作

主语，所以是陈述语序，符合要求，故就选A了。

5.宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序故排除A 与C。D的句意是“她去过哪里。”，只有B

符合要求。

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之一名词(通用版)

初中英语语法之一名词 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness 等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（mCountable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：||专有名词 || | 名| | 个体名词 | | || || 可数名词| || | 集体名词 || ||普通名词 || | | 词 | | 物质名词 | | || || 不可数名词| || | 抽象名词 || 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 ___________________________________________________ 情况构成方法读音例词 _________________________________________________ _ 一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps 2.浊辅音和元音后读 /z/;bag-bags car-cars __________________________________________________ _ 以s,sh,ch, x等结尾的词加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses watch-watches ______________________________________________ __ __ 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses __________________________________________________ _ 以辅音字母+y变y 为i 结尾的词再加es读 /z/baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； c. 均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves

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David

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初中英语语法时态精讲版 Prepared on 24 November 2020

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