2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及参考答案

精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）

2011-01-16

21-25CBDBA

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort

hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。

2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。

,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。

就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingt hepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsm ustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowith therecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsar echeap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveper formances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewi

存危机。

-

,theymustfirst changetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudiencei thopstoattract。

一个可能的应对方式（解决办法）是古典音乐表演者发明有吸引力的从唱片上听不到的曲子。吉尔伯特在新音乐方面投入了自己的兴趣，这已广被人知：如古典音乐评论家罗斯就把吉尔伯特描述成一个可以扭转交响乐方向的人，认为他把交响乐带进了一个明显不同的更有活力的天地。但是，这种“不同”的实质是什么呢？仅仅扩展交响乐的节目是不够的。吉尔伯特和交响乐要想取得成功，必须首先改变美国旧的管弦乐和它们想吸引的新的听众之间的关系。

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism。

raisedsuspicion。

[C]receivedacclaim。

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances。rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances。

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances。

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances。

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality。

Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic。

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic。

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces。

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisingly straightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewas leaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany。”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydec ision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFin ancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

当列姆·麦克杰八月份从美国银行任上离职时，他的解释确实令人意外。与通常会用的模糊理由不同的是，他直率地说，他离开是为了找一家公司当管理者，而那是他一向就有的追求。他说，作

出这一选择纯属个人原因。两周之内，他与哈佛财务服务集团的董事会实现了首次会谈，这一集团在9月29日聘他担任CEO。

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewante dtorun.Italsosentaclearmess agetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talon e.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthatthe

商业

随着经济开始出现复苏的迹象，这些希望离任者可能在还没有找到下家时就跳槽。根据“登记册”研究机构的报告，在第三季度，CEO营业额从一年前开始下降了23%，把那些紧跟在这些领导人身后的董事会也弄得神经兮兮。由于经济复苏，那些有抱负的领导人将大有机会。

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutive sandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomus tbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’ved

onewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst。”

放弃高级职位去寻找更好的职位，这种决定是非同寻常的，过去可不常见。多年来，执行官和猎头们都坚持认为，最好的CEO候选人需要去挖别人的墙角才能得到（而不是那些主动离开原岗位的人）。某某猎头说，当董事会还没有委托我先去找一个还在任上的CEO时，我不能去考虑那些我在网上一搜就有的人。

2005年为了当

之间进行选择或者离开更坏的工作这样的行为变得可以接受。“传统规则是，最好呆在你原来的地方，但现在这种规则被从根本上颠覆了。”一个猎头说，“在一个地方呆得越久，就越容易受损。”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

[A]arrogant。

frank。

[C]self-centered。

[D]impulsive。

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby

[D]guardedagainst。

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts。loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated。

[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations。

[D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules。

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]CEOs:WheretoGo?

hmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedi abecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceo nitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizat ionsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebeliev eisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesand hotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgenerati ngincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportuni tiestolearnva luableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexp andusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned。

付费并占有的媒介，是被想促销自己产品的商人控制的。而对于白捡的媒介（免费的媒介报道）而言，这种商人的角色仅是作为响应用户需求的第一环（直接面对用户的不是他们）。但是在一些案

例中，一个商人拥有的媒介成为另一个商人的付费媒介（但有时候，促销产品的商人也直接面对用户，即把别人占有的媒介暂时变成自己占有的媒介）。例如，当一个电子商务零售商在自己的网站上出售广告空间时，就是如此。我们把这种出售的媒介定义为拥有的媒介。这种（出售空间式的）拥有的媒介是如此强大普遍，以致于其他团体把他们的希望（满意；内容；电子商务发动机）寄托在这种环境中。这种（寄托）趋势虽然依然在婴儿期，但我们相信这种从零售商和旅行提供商（如航空公司、旅馆）有效起步的趋势会越来越强劲。例如强生建立了一个婴儿中心，这是一种杰出的媒介资产，可用于推销提升配套产品，包括那些有竞争力的产品。除了带来利润，除了由于其他商人的到场可以使这个地方显得客观可信，以及给各个公司有机会了解有关其他公司需求的有价值的信息，还能有利于拓展所有公司都关心的用户交易。

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)c

。

也同样会

单个

今年早些时候通过相对来说较快和精心策划的行动从车辆召回危机中把损尽量降下来，丰田的行动包括努力请用户进土威特这样的地方，挖掘社会新闻的利用等等。

31.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyare

[A]obscssedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites。

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem。

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts。

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts。

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment。

[B]randomcompetition。

[C]strongusertraffic。

[D]flexibilityinorganization。

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers。

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing。

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition。

[D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem。

34.ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia。

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts。

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers。

我讨

我们应该

正

ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-c hildimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeverywe ekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands。

杂志封面上一位有魅力的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿，这种圣母与圣子的图画这周在报摊上可不止西尼尔这一起。例如杂志上讲到最近刚收养孩子的母亲——有时是刚变成单身母亲的人——桑德拉布鲁克，以及那种很常见的“詹尼弗阿尼斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。实际上，每周都有至少一位名流母亲、或者准母亲在杂志上笑迎读者。

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregret havingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair ,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyarepr

ovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolks arebotheredwiththem essagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbe adirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives。

在一个坚持不懈地倡导生育的社会中，承认自己后悔生育孩子就相当于承认自己赞同谋杀宠物猫，这难道不值得反思吗？把父母亲的后悔与孩子的后悔相提并论（可能指把作为孩子家长的那种辛苦产生的悔恨理解为根源出在孩子身上，从而产生关于生下孩子的后悔），这显然并不合理。（因此）不情愿养孩子的父母很少会反思自己是否应该养育孩子。但是那不幸福的无孩子的人却为类似“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”这样的信息所烦恼。显然，他们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除。

Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishuge lyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseverals

当然，

诱人，

[B]enjoymentinprogress

[C]happinessinretrospect

[D]lastingreward

37.WelearnfromParagraph2that

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip。

[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention。

[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining。

[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic。

38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks

[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism。

[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia。

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities。

[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife。

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis

[A]soothing。

[B]ambiguous。

[C]compensatory。

[D]misleading。

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

)

irundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldpo sses.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard ,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortofsocialg lue。

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgradu ateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.Thisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproducee vermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmo reba chelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequiresfewerteache rs.So,attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodos omethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained。

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistence bytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsandprofessionaleducationshouldbeke ptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.Althoughmoret hanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmu ststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification。

[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshave professionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededthepr

。”S

rican

G

→41.

→42.

→

E

→43.

→44.

→45.

PartC

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析

2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：

2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及参考答案

精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort

hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。

考研英语阅读及翻译(精品)

考研英语阅读 （1） To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 18世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克曾说过类似这样的话，“被误导的运动要想成功，所需的只是好人不作为。”现在，就有这样一个运动正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。科学家应该对动物权利鼓吹者做出强有力的

考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

最新考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析

Text 1 ①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. ①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. ① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are". ①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. ①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 全文翻译： 在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。

考研英语阅读翻译1

ase to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.” 现在，该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利，因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛的复审。密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说，“正如人们所知道的那样，Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。 Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice. 对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。那是在1998年，对于所谓的美国道富银行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。这一裁决使得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加，起初只是一些 注：to the punch的英文解释为to the first blow or to decisive action ― usually used with beat 所以这里翻译为“先下手为强”或“抢占先机”。 The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of th ree, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling. 前面提到的Bilski案例涉及到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风险规避方 The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School. 联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。最高法院最近做出了一系列的判决，缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。例如，去年四月，法官们认定太多的专利授予了一些显而易见的

2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth sai d in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deli berately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She a dds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

2008考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

2008 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性，但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域，女性似乎走在了男性的前面。 1.1 sphere英/sf??/ 美/sf?r/n. 范围；球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形 1.2 appear to be好像是；仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/?nd?'za??r?b(?)l/ 美/,?nd?'za??r?bl/n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的 1.4 category英/'k?t?g(?)r?/ 美/'k?t?ɡ?ri/n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴 2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说，"与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。" 2.1 susceptible英/s?'sept?b(?)l/ 美/s?'s?pt?bl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的 2.2 depression英/d?'pre?(?)n/ 美/d?'pr???n/n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区 2.3 disorders英美/d?s'?rd?/n. 无秩序，混乱；小病（disorder的复数形式）v. [电子] 扰乱（disorder 的单三形式）anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍 2.4 psychiatrist英/sa?'ka??tr?st/ 美/sa?'ka??tr?st/n. 精神病学家，精神病医生 2.5 veteran英/'vet(?)r(?)n/美/'v?t?r?n/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的 2.6 administration英/?dm?n?'stre??(?)n/ 美/?d,m?n?'stre??n/n. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构Paragraph 2 1、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应，在同样状况下，处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。 1.1 hormone英/'h??m??n/ 美/'h?rmon/n. [生理] 激素，荷尔蒙 1.2 trigger英/'tr?g?/美/'tr?ɡ?/n. 扳机；[电子] 触发器；制滑机vt. 引发，引起；触发vi. 松开扳柄 2、In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. 在几项研究中，当将处于压力状态下的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性生殖器官）被摘除，他们产生的化学物质就变得和雄鼠一样多。 2.1 ovaries英/??v?r?z/ 美/ov?r?z/n. [解剖] 卵巢，[植] 子房（ovary复数形式） 2.2 reproductive英/,ri?pr?'d?kt?v/ 美/,ripr?'d?kt?v/adj. 生殖的；再生的；复制的 2.3 organ英/'??g(?)n/ 美/'?rɡ?n/n. [生物] 器官；机构；风琴；管风琴；嗓音 Paragraph 3 1、Adding to a woman`s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It`s not necessarily that women don`t cope as well. It`s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. 此外，使女性处于压力状态下的化学物质增多的另一个原因是她们面对压力的机会增多。叶沪德博士说，"这并不是说女性做事不如男性做得那样好，只是因为她们要做的事儿太多。" 1.1 dose英/d??s/ 美/dos/n. 剂量；一剂，一服vt. 给药；给…服药vi. 服药 1.2 cope英/k??p/ 美/kop/n. 长袍vi. 处理；对付；竞争 2、“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men`s,” she observes, “it`s just that they`re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”他说，"女性对压力的耐受力甚至超过了男性，只是因为她们要处理太多的事务，她们才更快更明显地变得筋疲力尽。" 2.1 observe英/?b'z??v/ 美/?b'z?v/vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论vt. 庆祝vi. 观察；说；注意到；评论worn out疲惫不堪的；耗尽的