（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案

（完整版）英语词汇学英语词汇学习题2及答案

试题二

第一部分选择题

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）

1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example

A. lewd → ignoran t

B. silly → foolish

C. last → pleasure

D. knave → boy

2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of:

A. humour

B. sarcasm

C. ridicule

D. all the above

3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.

A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation

B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation

C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation

D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation

4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____.

A. synecdoche

B. metonymy

C. substitution

D. metaphor

5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____.

A. adjectives

B. attributes

C. modifiers

D. words

6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used.

A. vocabulary

B. grammar

C. semantic pattern

D. syntactic structure

7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ .

A. addition

B. replacement

C. position-shifting

D. variation

8. The word "laconic" is _____.

A. onomatopoeically motivated

B. morphologically motivated

C. semantically motivated

D. etymologically motivated

9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____.

A. clear grammar codes

B. language notes

C. usage notes

D. extra columns

10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?

A. Dorm

B. motel

C. Gent

D. Zoo

11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words.

A. 30,000 to 40,000

B. 50,000 to 60,000

C. 70,000 to 80,000

D. 80,000 to 90,000

12. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.

A. Roots

B. Stems

C. Affixes

D. Compounds

13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period.

A. Dutch origin

B. Danish origin

C. Latin origin

D. Greek origin

14. A word is a symbol that _____ .

A. is used by the same speech community

B. represents something else in the world

C. is both simple and complex in nature

D.shows different ideas in different sounds

15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____.

A. are complex words.

B. are technical words

C. refer to the commonest things in life.

D. denote the most important concepts.

第二部分非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）

16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.

17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.

18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.

19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.

20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）

A B

21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish

22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl

23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated

24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state

25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond

26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated

27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)

28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)

29. extension ( ) I. part of speech

30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）

31. heart and soul ( )

32. father—male parent ( )

33. mother—female parent ( )

34. city-bred ( )

35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )

36. headache ( )

37. antecedent ( )

38. preview ( )

39. receive ( )

40. called ( )

V. Define the following terms（10％）

41. specialized dictionary

42. collocative meaning

43. transfer

44. morpheme

45. old English

VI. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）

46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.

47. What is dismembering?

48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）

49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.

Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.

50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to

the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)

The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.

参考答案

第一部分选择题

I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. D

9. D

10. B

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. B

15. C

第二部分非选择题

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)

16. stylistic

17.monolingual

18.semantic opposition

19. degradation 或pejoration

20.productivity and collocability

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)

21. I

22. C

23. F

24. B

25. E

26. D

27. J

28. G

29. H

30. A

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)

31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature

32. conceptual meaning

33. conceptual meaning

34. n+v-ed

35. backformation

36. n+v

37. bound root

38. prefix

39. bound root

40. inflectional affix/morpheme

V. Define the following terms.(10%)

41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which

concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)

42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)

43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.

44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.

45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)

46. 要点：Radiation Concatenation

i) primary meaning i) first sense

ii）次要意义由主要意义辐射ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象

47. 要点：

（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）

（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）

（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）

48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:

pretty handsome

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your

answers in the space given below. (18%)

49. 答案要点

1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)

3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)

50.要点：

（1）it is ambiguous（2分）

（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）

（3）stop drinking can be understood as

1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分)

2）police stop people drinking (1分)

（4）improvement（3分）

1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.

2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.

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C9 Test-2 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. The fixity of idioms depends on . A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style 2. Idioms are generally felt to be . A. formal B. informal C. casual D. intimate 3. In the idiom “move heaven and earth”, is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. juxtaposition 4. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets C. working people D. ruling class 5. Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 6. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. stylistic, affective B. social, regional C. professional, cultural D. cultural, social 7. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom. A. illogical B. lexical C. grammatical D. logical 8. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. adverbs B. modifiers C. nouns D. adjectives 9. In “Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters”, figure of speech is . A. simile B. personification C. metonymy D. euphemism 10. The tone implied by “a big cheese” is . A. positive B. interesting C. neutral D. derogatory II. Decide whether the following are true or false. ( )1. Idioms are generally felt to be informal; therefore they are usually inappropriate for formal settings. ( )2. The stylistic features of idioms are fixed and unchangeable. ( )3. Idioms are peculiar to native culture and language. ( )4. The fixity of idioms is absolute. ( )5. The idiomaticity is gradable and may best be thought in terms of a scale. ( )6. Idioms are fixed in structure and so can never be changed. ( )7. Idioms are usually difficult to understand because the meanings of idioms are not in many cases the total of individual words. ( )8. All idioms are used in their figurative senses.

英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版

下列定义所表示的名称: 1.a minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme) 2。a morpheme to which affixescan be added : （root) 3。a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word：（free form） 4.a morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme：（bound form) 5。a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem)：（affix） 6。an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem )：（prefix） 7.an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem）: （suffix） 8。an affix （in English,usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning：(inflectional affix) 9.the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words：（derivation) 10。the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently ：(compounding) 各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义: 1。acoustic，acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:（acou—听，GK) 2aerodomestics,erodrome，erodynamic，aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite，aerography,aeronautics，aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere: （aero—空气GK） 3。agenda,agent，agile, active,actor,actual,enact，inactive，transact,interact，react：（ag —，ac-做L) 4。agrarian,agricultural,agriculture，agrimotor，agrobiology，agrochemical,agrology，agronomic,agronomy,agrostology，agrotechnique，agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype：（agr —土地L） 5。altimeter，altimetry，altitude，alto，exalt,contralto: (alt-高L） 6.amateur,amatory，amiable,amicable，amorous,enamoured,unamiable：（am-，amor—爱L) 7。Ample，ampleness，amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude，radioamplifier：（ampl-充足L） 8.annals,annual，perennial，centennial,annuity,biennial: (ann-年L) 9anthropology，philanthropist,misanthropical，anthropotomy，anthropogeneses,anthropography，anthropophagus：(anthrop- 人类GK） 10aqualung，aquanaut，aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium，aquatic，aqueous，aquiculture，aquosity,subaquatic,subaqueous，terraqueous，aqueduct：（aqu—水L） 11archangel，archbishop，arch-criminal，archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend: （arch- 首要GK) 12asterisk，asterism，asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology，astronautics,astronavigation，astronomer,astronomy：（astr- 星GK） 13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer，atmeter，atmoseal，atmospherics:（atmo-气体GK）14audible,audibility,inaudible，audience,audiology,audio—visual，audiometer,audiophile,audiophile，audition，auditor，auditorium：（aud- 听L) 15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat，autobus，autochrome，autoclave，autocrat,autograph，autoinfection，automate，automatic,automation,automobile，autonomy,autotruck，autotype：(auto—自己GK) 16barodynamics，barogram，barograph,barometric，barothermograph:（bar-压力GK) 17bathymeter，bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph：(bathy—深海的GK) 18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology，bibliolater，bibliomania，bibliophile,bibliophilism，bibliopole，bibliotheca,bibliotic，bibliotist：（biblio—书籍GK) 19bioassay，biocatalyst，biochemistry,biocide，bioclean，bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy，bioelectricity，biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology，bionics，bioscope，biosyntheses，biotic: （bio—生命GK) 20.Breve,breviary，brevirostrate,brevity,brief，abbreviate,abridge: (bre—简短L) 用否定前缀in-（及其变体）,non-,un—构成下列单词的反义词：mature:im regular：ir considerate：in noble:in contentious:non legitimate：il metal:non passive:im ferrous:non accuracy：in endurable:un variance：in inductive：non legible:il reasonable：un rational:ir scrupulous：un staple：non balance：im legalize：il 写出下列单词中前缀的意义：antecedent: before byproduct: near apocope: off enclose：in endobiotic: inside epitaph: outside expire：out foretell：before hypocrite：beneath include：in infrared：under intercede：between：intramural：within introspect：into outbid: exceeding overwork：beyond postgraduate：after precede: before proceed：forward retrospect:back subscribe：below superman：above supramundane：beyond transmit: across ultraconservatism：extreme 以所列的单词为第一个成分，根据定义写出复合名词 (A)green：1。a stretch of land，round a town,where building is not allowed，so that fields woods,etc,remain：greenbelt 2.a shop—keeper who sells vegetables and fruit：greengrocer 3.a young，inexperienced person,especially male,who is easily cheated：greenhorn 4。a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors musicians，etc。,can rest when not performing :greenroom (B）hand：1。a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in: handbag 2.a short book giving all the most important information about a subject：handbook 3.an apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the driver’s hand: handbreak 4.a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto，especially near stairs: handrail (C）after：１。The care or treatment to someone after a period in hospital,prison，etc：aftercare 2.an effect (usually unpleasant）that follows some time after the cause or after the main effect：aftereffect 3。a taste that stays in the mouth after the food that caused it in no longer there : aftertaste 4。an idea that comes later: afterthought (D)sleeping: １a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in when camping：sleeping bag ２a railway carriage with beds for passengers：sleeping car ３a pill which helps a person to sleep:sleeping pill ４。a partner in a business who takes no active part in its operation：sleeping partner （E) running :1。 a person with whom another is running for a pair of political positions of greater or less importance,especially those of President and vice—Prisident：running mate 2。handwriting in which the letters are slanted and the words formed without lifting the pen ：running hand3。a headline repeated on consecutive pages （as of a book):running head 4.a footboard especially at the side of an automobile: running board (F)wash: 1.a large fixed basin for water for washing one’s hands and face：washbasin 2.a movable board with a wavy surface against which clothes may be rubbed when washing: washboard 3.a woman whose job is to wash clothes，often in her own home：washerwoman 4.a cloth that is used for washing one’s face and body ：washcloth (G）sun：1。the condition of having sore skin after experiencing the effects of strong sunlight：sunburn 2a flash of sunlight,especially through a break in clouds: sunburst 3.the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins：sunset 4.strong sunlight,as when there are no clouds：sunshine (H)break:1。aa sudden failure in operation：breakdown 2。the unlawful cantering of a building，using force ：break-in 3.the action of forcing a way through the enemy: breakthrough 4.a division int smaller parts:breakup （I)out：1.sudden appearance or beginning of something bad:outbreak 2.a public show of anger：outcry3。money spent for a purpose ：outlay 4。a way through which something （usually a liquid or a gas )may go out： outlet 将下列复合动词译成汉语 Blue-pencil:修改,校正cold-shoulder：冷淡 court—martial：对.。。进行军法审判Handcuff：将。。.上手铐 pitch—fork:骤然；把..。塞进sandbag:用沙袋阻塞 Shipwreck:船只失事short—circuit:使短路 snowball：（滚雪球似的）增长Wisecrack：说俏皮话 找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词(答案为黑体字的原形) 1。A shy，frightened child…”Name the Czar of Russia” 2.At once the villagers formed a circle… 3。Agamermnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away.. 4。Almost before the Trojans could arm themselves.. 5。I began to see… would expect a large purse stuffed with.. 6.A few years ago the landlady locked the front 7。An upstairs…,questioned the men and … 8。The children headed toward school… 9。Like the…，branching out… 10.An hour went by and darkness still shrouded… 11。They boarded boats 12.The day-to—day…hard to measure， 13。，smog results 14.There are a few success stories in battling air… 15。Pollution can be trapped before 16。If nations traded item 17。She's the one who’s sapped your confidence。 18。…，fairly well dressed but 19。The young… by pocketing the money。 20.But the preparation … to flake off even… 形容词转动词(答案为黑体字的原形） 1。Calming down,… 2。Such was Pompeii … has been cleared away。 3。Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently 4。…"helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air" 5。…There his father opened a business… 6。The Academy of Science was closed to him 7。…to rise are cooled and… 8。He emptied out… 9。…,and it took half an hour t o free him 10.The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun. 动词转名词（答案为黑体字的原形) 1。Why is thisenormous increase in population …to the spread of the … 2。…came to the aid of the surgeon… 3。I know my friends from the feel of their faces。 4。…personalities by touch 5.…，between serves 6。…of his slow grins 7.…an appealing look. 8.…has given rise to these… 9。…as if it were a chew of tobacco. 10。…get rid of Rex。 写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称 1。US auto workers end strike。（automobile） 2.Soviet sub off Japan。(submarine） 3.Palestinian demos mark massacres。（demonstrations) 4。US：first use of nuke weapons not unlawful。（nuclear） 5。Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.（Vietnamese) 6.Iran asks for into on stolen gems。(information) 7。Petrochemical Corp builds 42 banks.（corporation) 8。Rural-credit co-ops to get more autonomy。（cooperatives) 9.W Europe acts to meet high—tech challenge.(high-technology） 10.Setback for governing parties in Euro vote.（European） 写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语 1。AIM：Air Intercept Missile 空中截击导弹 2。BADGE: Base Air Defence Ground Environment 基地防空地面警备系统 3。BAR: Browning Automatic Rifle 勃朗宁自动步枪 4。CAR: Civil Air Regulations 民航条例 5.CORE：Congress of Racial Equality 争取权平等大会 6.DOP: developing—out paper 相纸 7。FIA T: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili 菲亚特汽车公司 8.MAP: Military Aid Program 军事援助计划 9.MOSS：manned orbital space station 在人轨道空站 10。MOUSE：minimum orbital unmanned satellite the earth 不载人的最小 地球卫星 11。NANA：North America Newspaper Alliance 北美报业联盟 12。NA TO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织 13。OPEC；Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组 织 14.SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈 15。SAM: surface—to-air missile 地对空导弹 16。SEA TO：Southeast Asia Treaty Organizaion 东南亚条约组织 17.SHAPE: Supreme Head quarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最 高司令部 18.UFO :Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物 19.Vera: Vision electronic recording apparatus 电子录像机 20.Zip：Zone improvement plan 邮政编码制度 写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来 1。globe-trot:globe-trotter 2.。brainwash：brainwashing 3。ghost-write： ghost—writer 4.sleep-walk：sleep-walker 5。spoon-feed:spoon—fed 6。air-condition:air—conditioning 7.book—keep：book-keeper 8.browbeat：browbeating 9。。caretake：caretaker 10。gatecrash： gatecrasher 11。housebreak:housebreaker 12。housekeep： housekeeper 13.mass-produce:mass-production 14。muckrake:muckraker 15。proof-read：proof-reading 16。sightsee:sightseeing 17。 stage-manage：stage—manager 18.merry-make：merry—making 19。 street—walk:street-walker 20。window—shop:window-shopping 下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词确切的表达出来： A.1.to walk laboriously，with effort:pold,trudge 2。to walk like a duck:waddle 3。to walk in a pompous or affected manner:struct 4。to slide and drag the feet：stagger 5。to walk in a loose,ungainly way：slouch 6。to walk with long steps：stride 7。to walk affectedly with short steps：mince 8。to walk slowly，wasting time：dawdle 9。to walk as if wearing slippers：shuffle 10.to walk in a busy，active way:hustle B.1。to speak in a slow，prolonged manner：drawl 2。to make involuntary breaks in utterance：stammer 3.to express displeasure with compressed lips：mutter 4.to talk rapidly，making inarticulate sounds:gabble 5。to pronounce the sibilant letter imperfectly:lisp 6。to have a friendly talk about family things：chat,yarn 7.to spread idle gossipe:tattle 8.to talk on and an about trifling,childish things:prattle 9。to speak with contempt：sneer 10.to speak fanatically:rave 根据下列动物的属性，指出他们的象征意义: 1.ant：frugality and provision 2。ape： uncleanness,malice,lust 3.bat：blindness 4.bear:ill-temper 5。bee：industey 6.bull： strength 7.calf:lumpshness 8.camel:submission 9.cat:deceit 10.cock:vigilance 11.crocodile:hypocrisy 12。crow： longevity 13。dog：fidelity 14。dove： innocence 15.eagle:majesty 16.elephant： sagacity 17fly：feebleness 18.fox:cunning 19goose:conceit 20。hare：timidity 下列名词都来自古英语,写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词： 1.brother:fraternal 2.Cat:feline 3。child：puerile 4。daughter：filial 5。day:diurnal 6.dog:canine 7。ear：auricular 8。earth:terrestrial 9.egg:oval 10.eye:ocular 11。father:paternal 12。fire:igneous 13。foe： hostile 14。fox：vulpine 15.friend:amicable 16.hand:manual 17。head：capital 18。heart:cordial 19.heaven： celestial 20。horse：equine 21。husband：marital 22.kidney:renal 23。knight：equestrian 24。life:vital 25.light:lucid 26.lip:labial 27。man:human https://www.sodocs.net/doc/1219290785.html,k： lactic 29.mind:mental 30。moon：lunar 31。 mother:maternal 32。mouth:oral 33。name：nominal 34。 night:nocturnal 35。nose：nasal 36。ox：bovine 37.room:spacious 38。sea:marine 39. sheep:ovine 40.sight:visible 41.skin:cutaneous 42.son:filial 43。 spring:vernal 44.stream：fluvial 45。star：stellar 46.sun:solar 47.time:temporal 48。tongue:lingual 49.tooth:dental 50。town：urban 51.tree:arboreal 52.truth：veracious 53。war:bellicose 54。water：aqueous 55。wife：conjugal 56。world:mundane 57。worm:vermicular 58.woman:feminine 59.youth：juvenile 60。book：literaey 选择适当的单词填入句子 1。He waited with（bated）breath。 2。The brother and sister are both （blondes）. 3。There is a （break)in the clouds。 4.Her (bridal) grown was trimmed with lace. 5。A （pedal）of the bicycle fell off. 6。Cromwell （reigned）over England like a king. 7。The wreckers began to (raze）the building. 8.Although we watched carefully,the guard remained （stationary）for one hour. 9。Edgar cannot sail until he has a full （complement）of men for his crew， and …。. 10.Eric was a tireless scholar,he would (pore）over his books without a break until…. 将下列各组词分别填入句子 A 1 。John’nature was so （sanguine) that we all felt cheered up…. 2。The battle was so （sanguinary）that hardly a combatant ….。。 B 1。We could not have a worse judge than the one we had，he was completely (uninterested）in the case and ….. 2. We could not have a better judge than Judge Blandford；he was friendly， knowledgeable,and above all completely (disinterested)。 C 1。Although we played them on even terms for the first half,the second half was a (rout）. 2. To get to our cottage you follow (route)…。 D 1。The （official）in charge of the game… 2。Time was so （officious）in his new job…。。 E 1. The dress was made of synthetic （material)。 2. The general needs more troops and (materiel)。 F 1. The （moral）of the story…. 2. The (morale) of our troops is high。 G 1。All men are （fallible). 2。The argument,convincing ……。。to be (fallacious). H 1。Some say Shakespeare takes (precedence) over all …. 2. There was no （precedent）for the granting of a …. I 1. John,who was sullen and （taciturn）by nature,found that …。 2. They arrived at a (tacit) agreement。 J 1。The building plans are (impracticable)。 2。My husband …。。,but he is so (unpractical）that he cannot … 用英语解释下列句子中help 及其派生词的意义 1。If you want to lose some weight,Jim,you must start avoiding second helpings。（second servings) 2。“God help me ！”he murmured…..（protest） 3。He gave us a helping hand when we were in trouble.(i.e。he helped us） 4. Yes,I know he’s a rascal,but I can’t help liking him.( i。e。I can’t but like him) 5。Did you have any help from anyone with ….。（assistance） 6.Don’t be away longer than you can help。(avoid) 7。I do think you could have been a bit more helpful 。（ready or willing to assist) 8。“Help!Help! I’m drowning !”（Save me) 9.I am very sorry but I can’t help it 。（i.e.I can’t do otherwise） 10. Can I help you in any way ?（assist you） 11。We are a bit hard up this month，my dear，so don’t spend more than you can help . （avoid) 12. Give me only a very small helping,please.(serving) 13。I’m telling you the truth，so help me God!( i.e.May God punish me if I am not ！） 14.We’re awfully sorry that we were giggling –but we couldn’t help it .( i.e。do anything to stop it ） 15.Would you help me to carry this suitcase,please?(assist） 16.Would you help me to some potatoes,please ?（i.e。serve me with) 17.Your liver is not in a very good condition …….if I could help it .(avoid) 18.Your presence was extremely helpful,…(i。e。it gave great assistance） 19。The helping you gave me would have fed a football team !(serving） 20。The whisky is on the table…Help yourself.（i。e。Take what you want，when you want it ) 写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义 1Sorrow，grief，anguish …..（distress of mind ） 2Bad,evil,wicked,…（not ethically acceptable ） 3Regard,respect ,esteem …（to recognize the worth of a person or thing ） 4Disprove，refute, confute…（to show or try to show by presenting evidence thar something is not true） 5.Incline，bias,dispose …（to influence one to have or take an attitude toward something ） 6.Level，flat，plane …(having a surface without bends，curves or irregularities ） 7。Generous,liberal，liberate，…。（giving freely and unstingily） 8。Free，release,liberate, …(to loose from constraint or restraint ) 9。Frank，candid，open…（show willingness to say what one things or feels） 10Envious,jealous （begrudging another's possession of something ) 11Assert,declare，affirm,protest …（to state or put forward positively，usually in anticipation of or in the face denial or objection ） 12. Aggressive,militant，assertive…(conspicuously or obtrusively active or energetic ） 13。Agile，polite…。(acting or moving with easy alacrity) 14.Civil,polite,gallant …(observant of forms required by good breeding ) 15。V ociferous，clamorous，blatant，…(so loud or insistent as to compel attention） 16。Bear，suffer，endure …（to put up with something trying or painful ) 17。Decrease,lessen,diminish…（to grow or make less ) 18.Heritage，inheritance，patrimony…（something received from a parent or predecessor) 19。Keep retain,detain .。（to hold in one’s possession or under one’s control) 20.Bare,naked nude …(deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering) 指出并改正误用词语 1。The convict paced within the ….（confound）应改为（confines） 2.I remember the name，but …..（replace )…（recall） 3。His antisocial behaviour results from lack of…。.（formidable)… （formative) 4。When I grow up I want to be a…。。(pronouncer）…（announcer) 5.He left enough leave—way for …。（leave-way)…(leeway） 6.The flagrance of her….（flagrance)…(fragrance） 7.I found the Orien tal dishes…。(palpable) …（palatable） 8。The corpse had been so dissected over….（dissected)…（dislocated) 9.The colonel's appearance was so marital with…。（marital )…(martial） 10。Our elementary needs were planned for…..(elementary)..（alimentary) 11。It is hoped that this course will enlarge…。（perimeter)…(parameter） 12.If we look long enough in this material we…（statue)…（statute） 13.He desserted his friends just when they needed him 。（desserted）…（deserted) 14.Kurt had been innocuous against influenza,but he….（inno cuous)…(inoculated） 15.Eric was so ingenuous about household….（ingenuous)..（ingenious) 16.The dinosaurs may have been unable to adopt…(adopt）…（adapt） 17。After their brief alteration they shook hands,…(alteration ）。.(altercation） 18.The game came to a clima tic finish with …(climatic)…（climactic) 19.The mountain lions are all extant in the mountains；not….(extant）…(extinct) 20。Mother’s dreams were irreverent to the …(irreverent）。。(irrelevant） 用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词 1arm：disarm 2.honour:dishonor 3.join：disjoin 4。 legible:illegible