中级口译翻译部分真题汇编

2009 年春中口翻译部分

【E—C】

In a normal recession, the to-do list is clear. Copies of Keynes are dusted off, the banks lower interest rates, the president and Congress cut taxes and hike spending. In time, purchasing, production and loans perk up, and Keynes is placed back on the shelf. No larger alterations to the economy are made, because our economy, but for the occasional bump in the road, is fundamentally sound. This has been the drill in every recession since World War II.

Republicans and Democrats argue over whose taxes should be cut the most and which projects should be funded, but under public pressure to do something, they usually find some mutually acceptable midpoint and enact a stimulus package. This time, though, don't expect that to be the end of the s tory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- because the coming recession will not be normal, and our economy is not fundamentally sound. This time around, the nation will have to craft new versions of some of the reforms that Franklin Roosevelt created to steer the nation out of the Great Depression.

【译文】：若只是寻常的经济萧条，那应对方案一目了然：翻出久违的凯恩斯著作，联邦政府降低利率，总统及

国会一面减税，一面增加财政支出。假以时日，购买力激升，生产力急速飞涨，贷款数随之猛增。凯恩斯的作品重获关注。美国的经济并非一帆风顺，但总的来说还不错，并不需要对经济体制做出大刀阔斧的改革。所以第二次世界大战之后，我们一直照此方案应对经济危机。

政府应为哪些阶层多减税，为哪些项目提供资助，这些是共和党和民主党长期争论的话题。公众要求他们付诸于行动的舆论压力下，政府往往实施双方都可接受的折衷方案，达到推动经济进步的目的。即使到了党派分歧严重的今时今日，政府仍希望找到此种方案。

然而这次的萧条非比平常，所以事情就不那么简单。从本质上说，我们的经济确有弊端。因此要动用一些富兰克林•罗斯福当年的改革措施，还需做到与时俱进。才能力挽狂澜、扭转乾坤，最终拨得云开见日出。

【解析】：

1、In a normal recession, the to-do list is clear. 译：在平常，经济状况一旦萧条下来，大家都就很明白应该马上着手做哪些事情：本句中，normal recession 名词性短语，但需要采用词类转换的翻译方法，进行扩展翻译成一个句子，the to-do list “大家应该做的事情” ，本句主系表结构，字面意思：大家要做的事情是很清楚的。采用正反翻译的方法，将其翻译为“大家都就很明白应该马上着手做哪些事情：”。

2、Copies of Keynes are dusted off, the Fed lowers interest rates, the president and Congress cut

taxes and hike spending.

译：重新翻开尘封已久的凯恩斯的著作，联邦政府调低利息率，总统和国会开始减税，增加财政支出。

本句是接上文，列举出的一系列动作，并列举。在句中，Copies of Keynes are dusted off ，

字面意思为：凯恩斯著作上的灰尘会被拂去。根据本文的语意表达环境，我们采用意译，翻译为：重新翻开尘封已久的凯恩斯的著作。

3、In time, purchasing, production and loans perk up, and Keynes is placed back on the shelf.

译：用不了多久，市场上购销两旺，生产线生机勃勃，贷款扶摇而上，于是乎，凯恩斯的书又回了书架。本句中，前

半句purchasing, production and loans perk up 中，perk vi. 振作; 活跃起来(+up) ，在英语中“ perk

up ”可以用于形容以上三个主语，而在汉语中有不同搭配，所以对本句，翻译成三个小分句“市场上购销两旺，生产线生机勃勃，贷款扶摇而上”会更好一点。对于" Keynes is placed back on the shelf ”中，“ Keynes” 需要翻译

为：凯恩斯的著作。该句子翻译为：凯恩斯的著作又会被放回到书架上。

【C—E】

钟表上的秒针一下一下地移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。因为时间即生命。

没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为有意义，不虚此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。这个道理人人都懂，可是很少人能积极不懈地善为利用他的时间。

【译文】：

Our life is shortened by every tick of the second hand of the clock. Each page peeled away from the

wall calendar marks a bygone day. Time is life, while life is cherished by everybody, but time, by few. How can we achieve something in our brief life To learn some knowledge! To replenish ourselves! To help those in need! To add significance to our life! Time should not be squandered if we want to make our life meaningful (to get a lot out of our life). This principle is accepted by all, but wisely observed by very few.

2009 秋季翻译部分

【E—C】

What is a novel I say: an invented story. At the same time a story which, though invented, has the power to ring true. True to what True to life as the reader knows life to be or, it may be, feels life to be. And I mean the adult, the grown-up reader. Such a reader has outgrown fairy tales, and we do not want the fantastic and the impossible. So I say to you that a novel must stand up to the adult tests of reality.

You may say: ” If one wants truth, why not go to the literally true book Biogr aphy or documentary, these are amazing accounts of amazing experiences which people have. ” Yes, but I am suggesting to you that there is a distinction between truth and so-called reality. The novel does not simply recount experience. And here comes in what is the actual livening spark of the novel: the novelist ' s imagination has

a power of its own. It does not merely invent, it perceives. It intensifies, therefore it gives power, extra importance, and greater truth to what may well be ordinary and everyday things.

小说是什么我认为是人们创造出来的故事。同时尽管是创造出来的故事，但是小说仍然有一种力量能够让人听上去感觉像真的一样。真的像什么呢就像读者所知道的那种生活或者可能的生活样子，像他们所感觉的那种生活。当然我指的是对于成熟的成年读者而言。像我们

这样的成年读者已经足够长大，不再相信童话故事，不再需要奇异幻想和那些不可能发生的事情。所以我对你说，小说必须要成熟起来，能够让成年人将之放在生活中试验。

你或许会说：“如果一个人需要事实，他为什么不去看完完全全真实的书呢自传或者纪录片

里都是些令人惊异的真人真事的描述。这当然正确，但是我对你的建议是事实和所谓的现实之间有着本质的区别。小说并不仅仅只是叙述人们的经历，小说会添加人们的经历。而这一点正是小说所具有的活力火花：小说家的想象力有其自己强大的力量。借助这种想象力小

说家并不仅仅创造，他们去感知。这种想象力不断增强，股力量，使

给原本普普通通的日常生活注入一

它们变得额外地重要，变得更加地真实。

C—E】

有两个大款附庸风雅，参加一个冷餐会，与会者自然不乏真正的名流学者。席间，一个学者与其中的大款甲闲聊，话题不知怎么扯到莎士比亚身上。学者问大款甲：“先生是否对莎士比亚最感兴趣”大款甲顿了顿，随即正色说：“相比之下，还是威士忌合我口味。”这时，大家都暗自窃笑。大款乙也看出了苗头，悻悻然走开。在回来的小车上，大款乙教训大款甲说：“你真一点都不懂，莎士比亚是饮料，你怎么把它当洋酒了！”

Two big shots attended a buffet reception, trying to pose as lovers of culture, for the participants included somereal scholars of distinction. During the reception, a scholar chatted with Tycoon A and somehowthe topic shifted to Shakespeare. The scholar asked, “Are you most interested in

Shakespeare” The big shot paused and announced with a severe countenance: “ In comparison, whiskey is more to my taste. ” Hearing that, all the listeners laughed up their sleeves. Tycoon B saw the straw in the wind and left resentfully. On their way home in the car, Tycoon B lectured Tycoon A: “ How could you be that ignorant! Shakespeare is a beverage, and you are foolish enough to take that as an imported spirit! ”

点评：虽然内容和以往有所不同，但细说到单词、词组和句型，却大都在我们平时的课堂内容之中。在Section 3 的英译汉中，各个我们反复强调的翻译技巧依次露面。如：

主被交换an invented story ：创造出来的故事

让步状语though invented ：尽管

正反译法outgrow fairy tales ：不再相信童话故事

转性译法has the power ：能够

the + adj. ”表示一类事物的集合the fantastic and the impossible 奇

思异想和不可能发生的事情

2010 年春中口翻译

【c—E】(英文原文选自09年9月20日的《今日美国》(.Today),随后09年9月29日的《中国日报》

( China Daily )转载了同一篇文章。)

The recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening the economic gap between

the richest and poorest Americans as rippling job layoffs ravaged household budgets.

在经济衰退中, 损失最为惨重的要数中等收入和贫困家庭。此外, 衰退还造成最富裕和最贫困的美国人之间经济差距扩大,因为一波波裁员的侵袭使家庭可用开支遭受重创。

Household income declined across all groups, but at sharper percentage levels for middle-income and poor Americans. Median income fell last year from $52,163 to $50,303, wiping out a decade's worth of gains to hit the lowest level since 1997. Poverty jumped sharply to percent, an 11-year high.

虽然全美各个群体的家庭收入普降,但是中低收入者的跌幅更大。去年, (家庭)收入的中

位数从52163 美元降低到50303 美元,达到了1997 年以来的最低点,相当于十年的财富收益蒸发殆尽。贫困人口的比例则飙升至%,创下了11 年来的新高。

No one should be surprised at the increased disparity. Analysts attributed the widening gap to the wave of layoffs in the economic downturn that have devastated household budgets. They said while the richest Americans may be seeing reductions in executive pay, those at the bottom of the income ladder are often unemployed and struggling to get by.

对于日益扩大的收入差距, 我们不应大惊小怪。经济低迷时期的裁员风潮导致家庭的可用开支急剧减少, 分析师认为这才是导致收入差距扩大的罪魁祸首。他们认为, 虽然最富裕的美国人也可能发现收入缩水, 但那些工资最低的人才是真正的受害者, 因为他们经常遭到解雇, 艰难度日。

【c—E】( 第十届全国人大常委会委员( a Standing committee member of the chinese National People's congress (NPc) )朱相远于2010 年1 月4 日在人民网发表的一篇题为《2010 年翩然而至拥抱下一个“十年”》的文章)

原文：2010 年翩然而至，全球24 个时区的万千钟声，此起彼伏，宣告在这人类新千年中，一个10 年代的终结，又是另一个10年代的开始。在开局的10年中，中国经济在前9 年连续9 年保

持着9%以上的增长。最后一年，虽受国际金融风暴影响，但依然能保持8%的高增长。

中国犹如中流砥柱，力挽狂澜，使全球目光，再次聚焦于东方。一年多的实践，终使曙光再现。全人类定能以集体的智慧，攻坚克难，度过难关，必将是柳暗花明又一村的新局面。

译文：

With the approaching of 2010, the ringing of bells in 24 time zones around the globe echoes one after another, announcing the lapse of the first decade in the new millennium and the start of another 10 years. Over the past ten years, China ' s economy maintained a successive 9% increase for nine years since the beginning of the 21st century and still a 8% growth in the last year of the past decade, albeit influenced by global financial storm.

Functioning like a mainstay that makes vigorous endeavors to turn the tide, China, once again, draws global attraction to the East. A silver lining is emerging again

after a year-round practice. As long as all the mankind conquer adversities, override difficulties with collective wisdom, there is bound to be a way out.

2010年秋中口翻译部分

【E—C】

The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership.

In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market ' s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy ” designation.

美国的经济制度主要是私有制经济，其中，消费者、生产者和政府每天都主要通过价格体系来做出经济决策。正是这三者之间的能动关系才使经济得以运转。然而，市场的主要动力来自于生产者和消费者之间的关系，因此“市场经济”得以成名。

As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. 通常，消费者总希望他们说花费的钱能够获得最大的价值；另一方面，生产者渴望能从他们所销售的商品中寻求最高的价格和利润。联邦、各州和地方各级政府的任务是加强公共安全，确保合理竞争，并提供一系列服务，因为他们相信这些服务性事业最好由国有企业来处理，

而非私人企业。

Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy and sell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.

大致来看，企业分为三种：个体业主开办经营的企业、合伙企业和股份公司。前两者很重要，但只有最后一种企业才可以最大程度上把许多合作人员的投资筹集到一起，形成巨额资金。那些人作为股东，可以随时在公开市场上买卖他们所持有的股票。正是这种股份制公司使得开办大型企业成为可能。

简评：经历了三次考试的小品文调整后，如同我们课堂中所预测的那样，今年秋季的考试题目终于回归了正常的轨道。英译汉出现了主旋律——经济类报刊型文章。其实这个主题一直是我们在课堂中练习和强调最多的，而且它和“小白本” （《中级翻译教程》）第三单元第一课《混合经济：美国的经济制度》相关度非常高，相信大家一定会觉得很熟悉。

在翻译过程中，主要难点在于句子顺序的调整/词语指称意义的确定/ 定语从句和后置分词的翻译。如：第二个句子中末尾的on a daily basis, mainly through the price system 在翻译中必须前置在汉语的谓语动词之前；dynamic interaction 根据上下文及单词本身的意义，可以猜测出“能动”的意思；再如，Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. 在这个长句中，我们会发现后方的believed to be…是一个分词作后置定语，

根据我们在英译汉第一讲最后提到的技巧，这里应该用上分割单独成句法，同理，后方的定语从句也要使用相同的手法处理。

【C—E】

说起上海老城，总会让人和古老传统的东西联系起来，比如明代的豫园和清代的城隍庙。上海建城有700多年历史，但最具人文发展历史的时期是开埠后的150年间，诸如华洋杂居、石

库门、老字号等等，都发生在开埠后的上海。

The old town of Shanghai, when it is mentioned, is always associated with the past and the tradition,

something such as the Yuyuan Garden in the Ming Dynasty and the Town God's Temple (or the City God Temple / Chenghuangmiao) in the Qing Dynasty. Despite a history of more than 700 years, it is the 150 years since its opening to foreign trades that enjoyed the most spelendid/ greatest humane development of Shanghai. During that period, scenes appeared such as the co-inhabitation of Chinese foreigners, the building of Shikumen, and the growth of time-honored firms.

流传于老城内外的民间文化，丰富多彩。著名的“上海老城人物风情画卷”生动地描绘了上海老城市民的生活百

态。上海老城市历史文明与现代文明的兼容并蓄，无论上海城市发展如何日新月异，她仍将记录着上海城市发展的

历史华章。

Various and colorful folk cultures have gained popularity in and out of Shanghai's old town, which has been proved in the famous “The Painting Scroll of Local Residents in Shanghai's Old Town”, a vivid depiction of the lives of local residents in every aspect. Despite the ever-changing advances of Shanghai, its old town, an inclusive combination of ancient and modern civilization, will still serve as a glorious chapter in the history of the development of Shanghai city.

简评：今年的汉译英也摆脱了过去三次考试的小品文，终于回归了主旋律，介绍了关于上海地区的文化特色。其实，这个特点也是我们在翻译课堂上的开篇就讲过的地域特色，并且，我们曾经在课堂上给大家总结过三区的重要性：传统文化老区/ 经济新区/ 旅游景区，所以，这次考试中出现的“城隍庙/ 豫园”应该算是老朋友了，至于

新出现的地名，大家也可以根据我们课堂上讲过的翻译技巧来应对。

在语言处理方面，我们希望大家还是要把握基本原则，即“找出言外之意的逻辑”。比如，第二段开头的两个句子，

要看出是一个举例的关系。其次，在翻译汉译英的时候一定要善于去发现句子的真正主语，比如第一段的第二句，

真正的主语应该是“150年”；第二段的第

二句，真正主语为“老城区”而非字面上的“兼容并蓄”。第三，汉译英中要大量运用“词

语转性”的技巧，如最后一部分的“日新月异”，汉语原文中是作谓语，可是在英语译文中应该转变成形容词作定语，这一点在我们的课堂讲解中也一直是重点强调的内容。

另外，还需提出的是，汉译英中一直喜欢考察大家对于四字词语的处理方法，我们在课堂中也有专门讲解，当

然，更需要大家持续不断的积累，比如本次考试中出现的“丰富多彩”“日新月异”“兼容并蓄”“历史华章”等，应该算是老朋友，做到脱口而出了。

2011春中口翻译汉部分

【C—E】

豫园是上海著名的古典园林，已有400 多年的历史。花园设计独特，具有明清两代南方的建筑艺术的风格。园内共有40 余景，景色自然迷人，亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。

豫园原为明代一位大官的私家花园，始建于1559年，直到20年后才建成。此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。所幸

的是，从1949 年上海解放时，园内的主要景点尚完好无损。从1956 年开始，豫园经过多次修缮，重现其昔日光彩。

参考答案：

The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys

a history of over 400 years. With delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 40 attractive scenic spots dot the garden, including pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one another. The Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its delicacy and elegance.

The Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming Dynasty. Its

initial construction started in 1559, but it was not completed until two decades later. The Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes; fortunately, its major scenic spots remained intact in 1949 whenShanghai was liberated. The Garden regained its splendor after several renovations starting from 1956.

[ 解析]

1. 文章开头有三个“有”，我们可以追求全都不用have，而采用更精准的词，比如有400

多年的历史，用enjoy, 第二个具有，表示具有什么的特色，可以转移成形容词：be characteristic of ，或者boast. 第三个是“园内有40 余景”，表示园内布满了这些景点，可以反过来用40 个景色做主语，动作的“有”翻译成dot, 装点。

2. 亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。

此处的元素较多，我们可以分清其中的关系：亭台楼阁和假山池塘是并列的关系，而它们达到的效果则是“和谐对称”，“协调均衡”

3. 其布局之精致自古闻名江南。

江南在中文中听上去很好，但到了英文中如果翻的太清楚就变成了south of the Yangtze River, 失去了美感，不如也模糊地说成South China

4. 其布局之精致自古闻名江南。

布局的英文是layout. 而精致的处理，既可以按照字面翻译成elegancy, 也可以翻译其意思：所谓的布局的精致，在布局上投入大量的心思。

In the old days, And Yu Garden was famed in South China for the amount of thought put into its layout.

5. 私家花园

这里的花园可以不译，直接收成private property, 私人财产。

6. 直到20 年后才建成

可以选择反译：but it was not completed until two decades later

也可以选择正译：which took twenty years to complete.

7. 此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。

变迁：vicissitudes. 如果忘记这个单词的拼写，可以选择解释：changes of times. 所以整句可以译成The

Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes 。

下面附上译文：

The Yuyuan Garden is a renowned classical garden located in Shanghai that enjoys a history of over 400 years. With delicate design, it boasts the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 40 attractive scenic spots dot the garden, including pavilions, pagodas, ponds and rockeries, with each adding radiance to one another. The Yuyuan Garden tops South China for its delicacy and elegance.

The Garden was originally the private garden of a governor in the Ming Dynasty. Its initial construction started in 1559, but it was not completed until two decades later. The Garden was repeated destroyed under vicissitudes; fortunately, its major scenic spots remained intact in 1949 whenShanghai was liberated. The Garden regained its splendor after several renovations starting from 1956.

Being well proportioned, the endless mixture of pavilions and corridors, rockeries and ponds, yields to a scene of harmonious symmetry. And Yu Garden is famed in South of Yangtze Delta for the amount of thought put into its layout.

【E—C】

A majority of the world ' s climate scient ists have convinced themselves, and also

a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earth ' s climate is changing; that the change, from humanity ' s point of view, is for the worse; and

that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.

A minority, though, are sceptical. Some think that recent data suggesting the

Earth ' s average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end. Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.

Webelieve that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert it. That is the job of the politicians. But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty. There are no certainties in science. Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again. That is the job of the scientists.

【参考答案】世界上大部分气候学家已经使他们自己及许多普通民众（包括一些政界人士）确信，地球的气候正处于变化之中；对人类而言，这一变化正日趋严重；罪魁祸首是人类活动，其表现形式为过量排放二氧化碳之类的温室气体。

但是，仍有一小部分人对此持怀疑态度。一些人表示，虽然近期的数据表明地球的平均气温正在升高，但其原因是太阳辐射的自然波动，这一趋势可能临近结束。另一些人认为并没有决定性证据表明近现代的地球温度高于古代。

我们认为，全球变暖是人类面临的严重威胁，世界各国需要采取措施，竭力避免这一问题。这是政治家的职责。但是我们也相信气候变化并不是必然的。科学无绝对。盛行的理论必须不断得到实际证据的检验。一旦搜集到了新的证据，就需要进行再次验证。这是科学家的任

务。

[ 解析] 本次中口英译汉的文章节选自《经济学人》( The Economist )网站2009 年11 月26 日的文章A heated debate ，属于环保类题材，文字难度偏低。各段的考点毫无新意，都是在课上反复讲解并训练过的技巧。考生应该保证在这一篇上拿到高分。

文章一共三段，难度相对较大的是第一段，整段是一句长句，其结构非常清晰：A have convinced themselves and B that 1; that 2; and that 3. 中文大意是A (气候学家)使

自己及B (普通民众)确信三件事情。只要把整句结构理顺，之后只要“填空”即可。三件事情依次是：地球的气候正处于变化之中；对人类而言，这一变化正日趋严重；罪魁祸首是人类活动，其表现形式为过量排放二氧化碳之类的温室气体。

第二段是第一段的对照，主要讲述另一部分人的观点。第一句话( A minority, though, are sceptical. )中minority 呼应了第一段中的majority ，其中的though 作插于语使用表转折功能，这一考点在中口以前的英译汉文章里考过。之后段落继续分出两条支线，细述两部分反对者的观点。句法层面没有难点，词汇层面注意单词explain 。在中口的课上反复强调过上下文定词义，同学不要一看到explain 就翻成“解释”，而是需要根据具体的语境选择精致的释义。在这里，A are explained by B 直译为A能够被B解释略带翻译腔，其实这

一结构只是表示原因，所以还不如译为更为简洁的“因为”。

第三段给出了作者自己的观点，主要是对政治家和科学家分别提出了期望。比较重要的一句是倒数第二句，其中的被动语态需要处理到位。英语多被动，汉语多主动，这一英汉差异需要在翻译中进行转化。theories must be constantly tested against evidence 可以翻成

理论必须得到证据的检验，也可以添加泛指性主语“我们”翻成我们需要用证据对理论进行检验。

2011 年秋季翻译部分

【E—C】(出自Newsweek

Why We Must Fire Bad Teachers

The relative decline of American education at the elementary- and high-school levels has long been a national embarrassment as well as a threat to the nation's future. Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world. Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Lithuania, behind at least 10 other nations.

For much of this time —roughly the last half century —professional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well. They tried New Math, open classrooms, Whole Language—but nothing seemed to achieve significant or lasting improvements.

Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied. What really makes a difference, what matters more than the class size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, or even the curriculum, is the quality of the teacher. Muchof the ability to teach is innate —an ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly classrooms that some people instinctively possess (and some people definitely do

not). Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and pedagogy. In any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not.

【译文】

我们为什么必须叫停“不称职”的老师

一直以来，美国初高中教育质量的相对下降对整个民族的将来来说，不仅仅是窘境也是一种威胁。从前，美国学生比世界上任何一个国家的学生都更擅长于测试。而现在，与欧洲学校的孩子相比，美国学生的水平仅与立陶宛旗鼓相当——被其他10 个国家远远甩开。

就过去这个时代而言，粗略来讲，上个世纪的后五十年，教育界专家们认为如果他们能找到正确的教学法，能用正确的方法给予教导，那么这种教育将是无可挑剔的。为此，他们尝试过集论教学体系、开放式教室、全语学习，但是似乎看起来无一能取得意义深远或是持久的改善。

而在近些年来，研究人员发现了一些看起来十分明显，但却由于各种各样的原因而被忽视或否定的东西。他们认为，造成这种差异的，比教学规模和教科书更为重要的，比教学方法或者科技手段更不容忽略的，是教师的质量。教书育人的能力大多是与生俱来的，即激发朝气蓬勃的思想、驾驭难以管教的班级。这种能力是一些人与生俱来的；很明显，一些人并不具有这种品质。在一定程度上，“教”是可以被传授的，但这种“教”并不意味着就是许多所谓的教育学研究生院课上所教的那样——灌输的大都是些枯燥乏味且风马牛不相及的理论和教学法。总之，这项研究表明，五年内，你就可以辨别出哪些是优秀的老师，而哪些并不是。

[ 评析] 本文是一篇新闻，难度适中。新闻稿的翻译和散文不同，散文重点要突出原文的行文情感，文笔特点，而新闻稿的翻译重点在于，突出内容的客观性和真实性，抓住主题和作者观点。这篇新闻主要介绍了美国教育界的一些问题，作者的观点是：在教育方面，教育法，教育硬件设置，甚至课程安排都不如老师水平来得重要。而教师的教学水平很大一部分是天生的。本篇翻译的难度主要在于一些长难句的拆分，在面对这样的长难句时，考生们首先应该端正心态，然后运用一些对美国教育的了解，以及逻辑思维，再加上语法知识，进行分析。同时也出现了pedagogy ，insipid ，这样的一些生词，对于pedagogy 这样的反复出现的生词，可以根据上下文来猜测，就是teaching method 的意思。而一些insipid 这样的，不影响理解的修饰性的词语，就可以暂时跳过，先抓住整篇文章的主旨。

总而言之，对于长难句的分析能力，是各位同学在平时学习英语过程中需要积累和锻炼的一种能力，而谈到单词，也是需要大家平时多多广泛阅读来拓展词汇量的。

【C—E】越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。

这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

【译文】

An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China ' s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.

They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.

[ 解析] 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一个意群，考生基本不用自行判断、划分。文中的长句可使用中国考生特别熟悉的从句进行翻译，如第一句的

“已经认识到……的同时，也通晓中文的重要性”，就可以用从属连词while连接，第一段

的最后一句“掌握双语的好处……”由which引导的定语从句也可迎刃而解。当然，要翻译

好本段，选词很重要。如第一句中“越来越多的华人父母认识到……”，如果你和大多数人

一样，翻译成“ more and more parents …”就显得很普通，而“ an increasing number of …” 则地道很多；又如第一段最后一句“既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。”例文用了“ enhance ”和“ facilitate ”两个词，富于变化；文中许多考生容易使用副词的地方，译者都巧妙地运用形容词来替代，如将“积极支持”译为“give full support to ”，将“不时走访”译为“ make occasional visits ”，读来原汁原味，彰显了译者扎实的翻译功底，给考官留下了一个相当不错的印象，也为自己加分不少。

2012 春季翻译部分

【E—C】

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic

touch. This was in the late I960' s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

我年轻那会儿，有一本非常好的杂志，叫做《环球目录》，算得上我那一辈人的圣经。创办这本杂志的人名叫斯图尔特•布兰德，他就住在离这里不远的门罗公园。他用诗意的笔触为

这本杂志赋予了生命。那是六十年代，个人电脑和电脑出版还未普及，因此整本杂志都是用打字机、剪刀和拍立得相机完成的，可以成为纸质版的谷歌搜索，但却比谷歌早出现了35年。它是理想主义的化身，满篇都是整洁的工具和伟大的观点。

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of

their final issue was a photograph of an early

morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “ Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. ” It was

their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

斯图尔特和他的团队推出了几期《环球目录》，当他们遇到瓶颈便出版了最后一期。当时是70 年代中期，那时的我和你们现在差不多大。最后一期的黑色封面上有一张照片，照片上是一条清晨的乡间小路，是那种你搭车出游时一定

能看见的小路，如果你有这样的冒险精神的话。照片下方有这样一句话：“求知若渴，虚怀若愚。”这是他们谢幕时留下的告别辞。保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。我一直都希望自己能做到这一点。现在，你们就要毕业了，我也希望你们能够这样做。

[ 点评] 这篇短文取自于乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲。语言比较口语化，词汇不难。因为

是演讲类短文，所以考生在翻译的时候大可以顺序驱动。节选的这个短文有几处的词汇和短语大家可以注意下：poetic ：充满诗情画意的idealistic: 理想主义的

run his course: 完成使命hitchhiking: 搭乘sign off: 停止签发，停止

【C—E】吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已

将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日” 。

瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

【参考译文】

Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated.

Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer.

To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and

to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO(World Health Organization) has defined May 31st in every year as World No-Tobacco Day.

The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptation of tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one

persists, he ' ll be rewarded.

[ 点评]

这篇文章的主题是大家都很熟悉的“戒烟” 。开篇的一些比较文言化的词如“之” ，“矣”，以及后面的习语“有百害而无一利” ，“于人于己”等完全是“纸老虎” ，大家根本不用害怕，只要将句子的大意弄懂，然后用白话文译出即可化解难题。另外如“世界卫生组织”这样的专有名词，切记不要译错，这种平时常见而考试常考的高频词，必须牢记。

2012秋中口翻译部分

【E—C】

For years, many Asian-Americans have been convinced that it's harder for them to gain admission to the nation's top colleges. Studies show that Asian-Americans meet these colleges' admissions standards far out of proportion to their 6 percent representation in the U.S. population, and that they often need test scores hundreds of points higher than applicants from other ethnic groups to have an equal chance of admission. Critics say these numbers, along with the fact that some top colleges with race-blind admissions have double the Asian percentage of Ivy League schools, prove the existence of discrimination.

The way it works, the critics believe, is that Asian-Americans are evaluated not as individuals, but against the thousands of other ultra-achieving Asians who are stereotyped as boring academic robots.

Of course, not all Asian-Americans fit this stereotype. They are not always obedient hard workers who get top marks. Their economic status, ancestral countries and customs vary. But compared with American society in general,

Asian-Americans have developed a much stronger emphasis on intense academic preparatio n as a path to a han dful of the very best schools.

【译文】

多年来，许多美籍亚裔深信在美国要想被顶尖级名校录取，他们需要付出更加艰辛的努力。研究表明，美籍亚裔中达到这些大学的入学要求的人数的比例与他们所占美国总人

口的百分之六的比例不相称，并且要想获得均等的入学机会，他们往往要考出比其他国家学生高出几百分的成绩。事实表明一些名牌大学在实行无种族歧视的招生政策之后，使常春

藤联盟亚裔学生的招生比例翻了一番。评论家指出这些数据恰巧反映出歧视依然存在。

评论家们认为，这种方式之所以行得通，是因为美籍亚裔学生并非作为个体被评估，而是被参照了许多做法极端的亚洲人而评估的，这些人为达到目的，刻板陈腐，像学术机器。

当然，并非每个亚裔学生都是这种类型的。有些人并非寒窗苦读，名列前茅。他们的家庭条件，血统，风俗习惯都不尽相同。但是总体来说，与一般的美国学生相比，亚裔学生更重视紧张的学业准备，这也是他们挤进那些顶尖名校的必经之路。

［评析］

这篇文章略有难度。整段由三个长句组成。因此翻译时要理清思路，弄清句子前后的逻辑关系。然后再下笔。

主要是第二个句子，数据进行比较。一方是亚裔美籍能达到这些名校入学标准所占比例，另一方是亚裔美籍人

占美国总人口的比例6%弄清这个关系，这句就不难翻译了。

far out of ”指的是“与…（很）不成比例，与…（很）不相称”。

第二个句子后半句，比较的是亚裔美籍人入这些名校的分数要比其他国家的人入这些学校要高出很多分，比较的是“不同民族不同分数”这样一个概念。“higher than ”关键词

Critics say these nu mbers prove the 最后一句话，要注意找准句子主干，即

existe nee of discrim in ati on. ”

【C— E】

近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的

亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。

亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit

and with hard struggle. Asia's development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people.

The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation. Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.

2013 年春中口翻译部分

【E—C】

If you 've ever been on a jury, you might have noticed that a funny thing happens the minute you get behind closed doors. Everybody starts talking about themselves. They say what they would have done if they had been the plaintiff or the defendant. Being on a jury reminds me why I can 't tolerate talk radio. We Americans seem to

have lost the ability to talk about anything but our own experiences. Wecan't seem to generalize without stereotyping or to consider evidence that goes against our own experience.

I heard a doctor on a radio show talking about a study that found that exercise reduces the incidence of A lzheimer 's. And caller after caller couldn 't wait to make essentially the opposite point: “Well, mygrandmother never exercised and she lived to 95. ” We are in an age summed up by the saying: “I experience, therefore I 'm right. ” Historically, the hallmarks of an uneducated person were the lack of ability to think critically, to use deductive reasoning to distinguish the personal from the universal. Now that seems an apt description of many Americans.

【参考译文】如果你曾经当过陪审员，你可能会注意到一件有趣的事情：一旦关上了门，所有人就开始谈论他们自己。他们会讨论，如果自己是原告或被告的话会做什么。担任陪审员的经历让我明白了我为什么无法忍受谈话性的广播节目。我们美国人似乎只剩下了谈论自己经历的能力。我们似乎无法抛开固有的成见进行总结，也无法客观地分析与自身经历相悖的证据。

我曾听过一位医生在之声节目上讲述一项研究，该研究发现锻炼能降低阿兹海默症（老年痴呆症）的发病率。而此时听众的电话一个接着一个，纷纷迫不及待地表达反对意见：“嗯，我祖母从不锻炼，但她活到了95 岁。”我们身处的时代可以用一句话来总结：“我经历过，所以我是对的。”历史上，无知之人的典型特征就是缺乏进行批判性思维、演绎推理和分辨个例与常态的能力。如今，用这句话描述许多美国人似乎恰如其分。

朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。

漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

【参考译文】

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city the very epitome of modern China.

Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.

A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.

【评析】

该篇翻译属于经典话题，类似于上海城市介绍，考生如果熟悉教材，注意积累相关句型词汇，特别是对“朝气蓬勃、充满活力dynamic, diverse and stimulating 、缩影epitome 、遗迹heritage 、城市风貌cosmopolitan feel 、万国建筑varied architectural styles ” 等常考的表达，应该可以顺利取得高分。

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英语翻译中级口译-24 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}TRANSLATION TEST{{/B}}(总题数：4，分数：100.00) 1. America: the Land and the People The United States is a varied land—of forests, deserts, mountains, high flat lands and fertile plains. Almost every kind of climate may be found, but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone. Including the states of Alaska and Hawaii, the United States covers an area of 9 million square kilometers. The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific ocean on the west. It borders Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. A jet plane crosses the continental United States from east to west in about five hours. Taking off from an Atlantic coast airport, the plane is soon flying over the gentle slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Then, for hundreds of kilometers it crosses the fertile fields of the farm belt of the great Middle West. To the north, on clear days passengers may see the five Great Lakes located between the United States and Canada. Continuing into the West, the plane flies over vast prairies and rough cattle-grazing country. Soon the snow-topped Rocky Mountains appear in the distance. After crossing these high ranges, the plane can almost glide down into the rich valleys of California and, finally, to a landing not far from the beaches of the Pacific ocean. The United States has long been known as a "melting pot", because many of its people are descended from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new land. The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands. Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers, reaching a peak In the years 1880-1914. Between 1820 and 1980 the United States admitted almost 50 million immigrants. Some 1,360,000 American Indians, descendants of North America's first inhabitants, now reside in the United States. Most live in the West, but many are in the south and north central areas. Of the more than 300 separate tribes, the largest is the Navaho in the Southwest. Black people were first brought to America from Africa as slaves. Their descendants now make up nearly 12 percent of the population. They once lived mainly in the agricultural South but now are scattered throughout the nation. Hispanics are the largest minority in the US. Today, nearly 15 percent of the US population is Hispanic. Hispanic Americans have diverse roots; they come from 22 different countries of origin, including Mexico, Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries and Spain. They share certain historical backgrounds and cultural traditions—in particular, the Spanish language. In Hawaii, more than a third of the residents are of Japanese descent, a third are Caucasians, about 15 percent are of Polynesian background, and the others are mainly of Pilipino, Korean and Chinese descent. The American people are always on the move—from one part of the country to another, from one city to another, from farm to city. from the city to the suburbs. One in five Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunities, a better climate, or for other

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⏹Over the period from 1978 to 1996, many of the distortions and rigidities of the former central planning system were eliminated and market forces came to play an increasingly important role in economic decision making. ⏹自1978年到1996年这段时间里,在中央计划经济体制下以往的那些扭曲 的和死板的做法有许多都被摒弃了,市场力量在经济决策中起了越来越重要的作用。 ⏹Only 15 years ago, these countries seemed poised to assume the leadership of the world economy. Now they are dragging it down. ⏹仅仅15年前，这些国家曾信誓旦旦地想要扛起全球经济的领导大旗，而 现在却在拖后腿。 ⏹你不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。 ⏹Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. The real difficulties still lay ahead. ⏹这件事你最好问一下后台老板，毕竟项目预算他说了算。 ⏹You had better exchange ideas with the power behind the throne. After all he has the floor/say in the project budget. ⏹The EEC’s common agricultural policy is a dinosaur which is adding £ 13.50 a week to the food bill of average British family. ⏹欧洲经济共同体的农业共同政策早已不合时宜，它要使英国普通家庭每周 在食品开销上多支出13.5英镑。 ⏹We all have a stake in building peace and prosperity, and in confronting threats that respects no borders—terrorism and drug trafficking, disease and environmental destruction. ⏹缔造和平与繁荣，抵御不分国界的诸多威胁—恐怖主义、贩毒、疾病和环 境破环，这些与我们大家都有着利害关系。 ⏹Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich. ⏹这些国家呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，但是将出现两极分化，为数不少的弱势 群体将极端贫穷，一小部分人则极端富有。 ⏹Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the world’s three major economies. ⏹如果全球三大经济体同时下滑，通货紧缩就会产生。 ⏹凭你有李、杜的文采，颜、曾的品行，却是也没有一个人来问你。 ⏹You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, two great poets in the Tang Dynasty, and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shen—both of them were disciples of Confucius, but no one would ask your advice. ⏹深圳作为全国最早的特区，与内地经济往来极为密切。 ⏹As the nation’s earliest special economic zone, Shenzhen has very close economic contacts with the innerland provinces. ⏹早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了“一国两制”的伟大构想。 ⏹Early in the 1980s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures of the century, put forward the bold concept of “One Country, Two Systems”. ⏹2003年的春天，中华大地面临SARS的考验。 ⏹In the spring of 2003, China was confronted with the trial of SARS.

中级口译真题(翻译部分)

中级口译真题（翻译部分）

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贷款问题 十六2004．09 美国人口问题上海某公司简 介 十七2005．03 美国人对总统 的期望值香港的文化氛围 十八2005．09 美国劳动力市 场竞争残酷中国与亚欧各国的合作互助 十九2006．03 肥胖问题上海繁荣发展 二十2006．09 物质文化和非 物质文化的定 义胡锦涛主席在耶鲁大学的演讲－夸耶鲁大学 二一2007.03 古董文物价格世博会 二二2007.09 美国贫富心态中国和平发展不怕苦，吃苦半辈子，怕吃苦，吃苦一辈子！ 0409 翻译部分 As individuals and as a nation, we're defined by the choices we make. And too often, by the tough decisions we avoid. Most of us have avoided even thinking about how our rapidly growing

population is affecting our quality of life and shaping our society. Our population has more than doubled since World War II, and at this rate, we could be on our way to 1 billion people living in the United States by the end of the century. Our population growth, driven in part by unchecked immigration, is already straining our healthcare and educational systems and, less noticeably —but far more important —putting a heavy burden on our natural resources. All these pressures on our resources will only worsen unless our leaders begin a national dialogue on the future of this country and start making the tough choices. Politicians are avoiding debate on these issues because they are the most difficult ones to confront. In campaign debating, these are wedge issues. But failure to come to terms with them will drive a wedge between all of us and a prosperous, healthy future for this country. 我们作为个人和一个国家（民族），其特性表现