新标准大学英语2 unit 9译文和答案

Book 2 Unit 9 Active Reading 1

New words

1. cater

v. to provide food and drinks at an event

Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions.

(1) Football fans are well catered _for_.

(2) The TV shows are catering _to_ old audiences.

(3) The school aims to cater _for_ children of all abilities.

Do you know the difference between these phrases?

cater for sb./sth. to provide people with everything they want or need

cater to sb./sth. to provide people with something they want or need, especially something unusual or special

2. dread

v. to feel very worried about sth. that might happen or is going to happen

Complete the sentences with the words in the column.

dread (n./v.) dreaded dreadful dreadfully

(1) John felt _dreadfully_ tired.

(2) I hear the _dreaded_ Miss Jones is going to be at the meeting.

(3) It’s a _dreadful_ shame that you can’t go.

(4) She started to _dread_ seeing him.

(5) He lives in _dread_ of meeting her again.

3. numerous

a. existing in large numbers; many

Figure out the meaning of underlined words.

(1) The car was seen in the area on numerous occasions . 多次

(2)I’ve made mistakes too numerous to mention. 多得数不清

4. option

n. something that you can choose in a particular situation

Translate the following sentences.

(1)她没有别的选择,只好承认了实情。She had no option but to admit the truth.

(2) You have the option of hiking there or going by bus.你可以选择步行或坐公共汽车到那儿。

Figure out the meaning of the following expressions

行得通的选择 a viable option

暂不做决定; 保留灵活的选择权keep/leave your options open

轻松/ 容易的选择soft/easy option

optional

a. available or possible if you want it, but you do not have to have it or do it

Figure out the meaning of underlined words.

(1) The history course is optional, but English is compulsory. 选修的

(2)Remote central locking comes as an optional extra. (需另外交费的)额外可选之物

5. entertain

v. to give a performance that people enjoy

Complete the sentences with the words in the column

entertain entertaining entertainment

(1) In professional sports, the responsibility is on everyone to entertain_ the crowd.

(2) The company produces entertaining_ and informative programs.

(3) The boy is making his mark in the __entertainment__ business before he has even left school.

6. bolster / bolster up

to make something stronger or more effective

Translate the following sentences.

(1)他的得分将增强他对下场比赛的信心。

His score will bolster his confidence for the next match.

(2) The campaign is designed to bolster the government’s image as being tough on crime.

这项运动是为了提升政府坚决打击犯罪的形象。

7. look to

to keep an eye on; to hope for

Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs of look.

look after look back look for look forward to look in

look into look through look to look up look up to

1 I will be near your mother’s home tomorrow so I’ll _look in and tell her you are doing well.

2 I am very busy _looking for_a job, but it isn’t easy.

3 I can’t remember, but you can__look_ it_up_ in the University Handbook.

4 It was hard work but I am sure when you __ look back_ you will think it was worth doing.

5 Will you _ look through_my assignment for me and see if you can spot any obvious mistakes?

6 My grandfather isn’t very well so I am going to visit and _look after_him for a few weeks.

7 It’s a big challenge – they are _looking to__me to score some baskets and save the team.

8 The police are _looking into__the robbery so we hope they can find who did it.

9 Thank you for all your help. I really _look forward to _ meeting you next week at the conference.

10 He is a wonderful teacher and we all look up to__ her and treasure our time with her.

Useful phrases

1.在舞台上昂首阔步

2.重要人物

3.尽情玩耍/工作/唱歌

4.匆忙草就一周的文章

5.需要学生付出大量的时间

6.实践年

7.偿还债务

8.得到最好的工作

9.维持生计

10.象牙塔strut across the stage

a leading light

play/work/sing one’s heart out

dash off the week’s essay

make heavy demand on students’ time a gap year

pay off the debt

walk into top jobs

make ends meet

ivory tower

11.聊到深夜

12.做一项公众服务

13.为····做贡献

14.帮助病人或老年人

15.在假日营里招待贫困儿童

16.在第三世界国家教书

17.做农业或环境研究项目chat late into the night

carry out a public service make contributions to …

help the sick or elderly entertain underprivileged

children on holiday camps teach in a Third World country work on agricultural or

environmental projects

Language points

1. They were going to be the best three years of your life, and you knew it.

The clauses in the sentence are ordered to emphasize that the statement and the fact that people were aware of it are equally important. He knew she was a rich woman is simply a statement of fact, but She was a rich woman, and he knew it shows he was very conscious of it and it affected his behaviour greatly.

那将是你一生中最美好的三年，你知道这一点。

2. play / work / sing one’s heart out: play/ work/ sing to one’s heart’s content 尽情地玩耍/ 工作/ 唱歌

e.g. The children all played their hearts out.孩子们尽情玩耍。

cry / weep one‘s heart out痛哭不止, 哭得死去活来

e.g. When the old woman got the news that her son had been killed in the war, she cried her heart out.

老太太得到消息，她儿子在战争中丧生，哭得死去活来。

3. leading light n. [C] a very important or respected person / organization in a particular field （团体、机构或活动领域中）很重要的人物/机构，很受敬重的人物/机构

1. She is the leading light in the local dramatic society and always has the main part in their plays.

她是本地戏剧界重要人物，而且在演出中她始终演主角。

2. Californian agriculture is the leading light in America and even in the world.

加州的农业不仅称雄美国，而且领先于世界各地。

4. dash off: write down hastily（因着急而）迅速写，迅速画

1.He dashed off two articles before dinner.

晚饭前他匆匆地写了两篇文章。

2. Annie took out her drawing pad and pencil to dash off a sketch of the old man.

安妮拿出画本和铅笔, 迅速地画了一幅老人的素描。

3. She dashed off a quick letter excusing him from school that day.

她匆匆写了一封信允许他当日离开学校。

5. make (both) ends meet: have enough money to cover expenses 使收支能够相抵；勉强维持生计

1. Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet.

他们失了业，还要养活两个小孩，无法维持起码的生活。

2. Families with both husband and wife laid off are finding it difficult to make ends meet.

夫妻双方都下岗的家庭很难维持生计。

6. The managers also said that they were prepared to leave jobs unfilled ...

If an employee leaves, there is a vacancy (the part of a newspaper advertising jobs is often headed Vacancies). Leave jobs unfilled means if they cannot find the right person, they will employ no one.

这些经理还说，他们宁可让职位空缺……

unfilled a.not occupied, vacant 未填充的，空的

1. We still have several unfilled place on the tour. 我们旅行团还有几个空名额。

2. Is the position still unfilled? 那个职位还空缺吗？

Antonym: filled Word family: fill v.

7. get ahead：be more successful, or progress more quickly than other people（使）走在前面；（使）领先

1. He always tries to get ahead of others in everything.他总是试图处处领先他人。

2. The best way to get ahead is through hard work.成功的最佳办法是勤奋。

8. carry out

1) put in effect 实行；执行；进行

2) pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue 完成；实现

Translate the following into Chinese:

1. No matter what difficulty you will meet with, carry out your plan.

不管你遇到什么困难，都要执行计划。

2. He did not carry out his promise to us. 他没有兑现对我们许下的诺言。

9. suited a.right for a particular purpose or situation, because of having all the qualities that are needed 合适的；适宜的

1. The suited , is the best!

2. Maybe I am not in the best candidates, but I believe I am best suited to the job.

也许我不是应聘者中最优秀的人，但我相信我是这个职位最适合的人。

Word family: suit v.

10. cut off: make a break in 使隔绝

1.The village was cut off by the snow for more than a month.

这个村庄被大雪封闭了一个多月。

2. The soldiers were cut off from the main part of the army.

战士们与主力部队断了联系。

11. make demands on: make a peremptory request from对……提出要求

1. He always makes strict demands on himself. 他总是严格要求自己。

2. I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.

我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。

12. underprivileged a.not having as many advantages or opportunities as most other people 享有的权利（或机会）比大多数人少的；弱势的

1. They are children from underprivileged homes.

他们是出身于贫苦人家的孩子们。

2. The underprivileged need special support from the government.

那些弱势群体需要政府的特别支持。

Antonym:privileged a. Word family: privilege n.& vt.

13. CV n.[C] (the short form of curriculum vitae)(pl. curricula vitae ): a document giving details of your qualifications and the jobs you have had in the past that you send to someone when you are applying for a job. 简历；履历

The American word for CV is résumé.

e.g. Graduates are all busy with writing their résumés.毕业生都在忙着写简历。

你适合做这个工作吗？

1. 过去，大学生活很轻松。那将是你一生中最美好的三年，你知道这一点。你是这样消磨时光的：在咖啡馆和酒吧里与新结交的朋友聊到深夜，在壁球场和板球场上尽情地挥舞球拍，或是作为大学戏剧社的大腕在舞台上昂首阔步。不管你有什么爱好，大学生活都能为你创造条件。而且，别忘了，你的学习还总能跟得上，能完成指定的阅读，并在最后一分钟匆忙草就那一周的文章。你唯一没有时间考虑的是过完这激动人心的三年后要做什么。不过这个问题并不需要考虑，因为无论选择什么职业，都有一大堆公司排着队来聘用你。

2.那是过去英国大学生校园生活的情形，现在情况已经改变了。最近一项对英国各大跨国公司的研究表明，即使拥有一个优良的学位，大学生再也不可能一毕业就得到最好的工作了。今天的大学数量比30 年前翻了一番，40% 的年轻人接受高等教育。由于并不缺少大学毕业生，拥有一个优良的学位对找工作就变得尤其重要了。竞争很激烈，结果是如今的大学生花了比任何时候都要多的时间来复习功课，为那些可怕的期末考试做准备，做报酬低的兼职以偿还债务。

3．然而，这恰恰是问题之所在。英国二百多家公司的经理认为，学生花在学习或挣钱维持生计上的时间太多了。他们本应该去参加各种俱乐部，学习一些基本的技能，如团队合作和现场演示。这些经理还说，他们宁可让职位空缺，也不愿意聘请那些缺乏必要技能，无法在国际市场上占领商机的毕业生。

4该怎么做才能解决这个问题呢？经理们相信，解决的办法就是在学位课程里增加社交能力的训练。有的大学已经开始这样做了，例如南安普敦大学历史系学生必须做一个为期十二周、六人一组协同工作的项目——通常与当地的生活有关。项目内容包括：做一次演示、写一篇集体论文、做一项公众服务——可以是给中、小学生讲课，或做一期有关中、小学教学的广播节目。

5 毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈尔斯- 布里格斯性格分类法”（简称MBTI），这种分类法把外向/ 内向性格两分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。测试中没有“正确答案”，但是它认为：性格外向者更适合做团队工作或与他人打交道的工作。

6南安普敦大学项目中同样有趣的一个理念是：学生应该关注比校园更广阔的社区，并设法为之做出自己的贡献。在当今越来越小的世界里，学生们越来越清楚地意识到大学并不是与社会现实问题完全脱钩的学术象牙塔。正相反，大学本身可以促使世界变得更加美好。在学学位课程之前、期间、之后，学生们都可以通过多种渠道成为志愿者。正如我们所知，大学课程需要学生花费大量的时间，一般人会选择腾出上大学前或大学毕业后的一年时间作为实践年。

7通常，志愿者工作指帮助病人或老年人、在假日营里招待贫困儿童、在第三世界国家教书，

或者做农业或环境研究项目。

8对那些选择在这些方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富经验写进个人履历里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经验的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。曾经在巴布亚新几内亚工作了两年的谢恩·欧文指出：“志愿者的工作能教给你宝贵的职业技能，但我认为你不应该只想着通过志愿者工作来给自己的履历表增添光彩——你做志愿工作的主要原因是因为你想帮助别人。”

3. Underline the words which best complete the sentences.

1. having fun

2. social skills

3. harder

4. in universities

5. do public service.

6. in the outside world

7. help other people

8. may

9. too many graduates

4. Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1. numerous

2. employer

3. shortage

4. entertain

5. dread

6. option

7. personality

8. cater

5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. You may need to make other changes.

1.There are many ways students can add to their skills and experience while at university. (numerous)

2. Gap year programmes providing for young people interested in travelling and working abroad have become a very popular choice for many young people. (catering option)

3. Toby was worried and frightened about leaving home and starting university but when he got there he soon made friends. (dreaded)

4. At job interviews, companies and organizations that offer jobs to people often give candidates tests which find out about what kind of person they are. (employers their personality)

5.. There’s no lack of interesting sporting and social activities at college. (shortage)

6. As part of a volunteer project, we helped elderly people and performed songs and plays for children in hospital. (entertained)

6. Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1. a

2. a

3. b

4. a

5. b

6. a

7. b

8. b

9. a

7. Match the main ideas with the supporting examples.

1. f

2. g

3. c

4. a

5. c

6. b

7. d

Active Reading 2

Language points

1. set up: establish 建立

1. The fire set back the project by many months. e

2. They set aside some money for their child’s education. a

3. After a good night’s rest, they set out again. c

4. They set up camp and then went for a swim. d

5. The thieves set upon them and beat them. B

2. dedicate vt.spend your time and effort doing something 把（时间和力量）用在……上

dedicate sth. to (doing) sth.

dedicate oneself to

1. Andy wants to dedicate more time to his hobbies.

安迪想要把更多的时间花在他的兴趣爱好上。

2. This woman has dedicated her whole life to helping others.

3. He dedicated himself entirely to his work.他把自己的全部都贡献给了工作。

Word family: dedication n.

3. ... and each of the patients were given prescription glasses.

The point here is that sadly the patients do not receive lenses carefully suited to them as only a standard set is available.

……每位患者都得到一副特配眼镜。

prescription n. [C]

1) a piece of paper that a doctor gives you that says what type of medicine you need 处方；药方

e.g. The physician made / wrote a prescription against sea-sickness for him.

医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。

2) a plan that will help to you achieve sth. 解决方法，对策

e.g.They are look for a prescription for economic recovery

他们在寻找解决经济复苏的对策。

Word family: prescribe v. 开药（方）

4. installation n.

1) [U]the process of putting a new system or piece of equipment in its place and making it ready for use 安装；设置

1. Who is in charge of the installation of a new washing machine.

谁负责新洗衣机的安装？

2. The engineers have finished the installation of a central heating system.

工程师们已经完成了中央供暖系统的安装。

2) [C]a building or structure, especially one that is important for an army, industry, or government 装备；设置

1. The whole computer installation was nearly new.

整个计算机设备几乎是新的。

2. It is said that New Zealand has no nuclear installations.

据说新西兰没有核设施。

Word family: install v.

5. kind of: (spoken) used when you are talking about someone or something in a general way without being very exact or definite 有点儿；有几分

1. My work is exciting but kind of dangerous. 我的工作很刺激，但是有几分危险。

2. I'm feeling kind of tired.我感到有点累。

Cf: a kind of: a sort of.

6. ... alongside health providers and doctors ...

Health providers are health workers of various types, for example, local nurses, dentists etc.

和医疗工作者和医生一起……

7. ... having to pay so that you could work for free?

The volunteers have to pay towards their travel and living expenses as well as work without pay.

……免费为别人工作还要自己掏钱?

8. save up: regularly put money in a bank or invest it so that you can use it later 积攒；储蓄Translate the following into Chinese:

1. Some money should be saved up for emergency needs.

应该存些钱以备不时之需。

2. I was looking for a temporary job so that I would save up some money to go travelling.

我在找一个临时工作，以便节省一些钱供旅游用。

9. unorganized a.without any particular plan, structure, or order 没有条理的；无计划的

1. Unorganized activities are doomed to failure.

无组织的运动注定要失败。

2. He gave me a sea of unorganized data, and asked me to sort them out.

他给了我一大堆杂乱的数据，要求我将它们分类。

和平志愿者

世界上有多少地方就有多少种志愿者工作的经历。不同的工作、地点和文化都会使志愿者在其志愿活动中的得到和付出有所不同。另一个影响志愿活动的重要因素是你做志愿工作时间的长短。我们决定采访近期的志愿者，了解他们做志愿工作的真实故事，希望能帮你判断志愿工作是否适合你。

莉萨·金斯堡在南加州大学读书期间经常参加志愿活动，这使她产生了去孟加拉国当两周和平志愿者的想法。

作为志愿者你做了些什么工作？在哪里工作？

1 我与和平志愿者一同前往孟加拉国，我们在达卡集合，然后坐八小时的长途车到迪纳杰布尔村。和平志愿者与迪纳杰布尔村当地的一家机构并肩工作，我们帮他们搭建每年一度的白内障治疗营地，为当地老年白内障患者免费做手术，或为有需求的人检查眼疾。我们帮他们在学校里安装设备，打扫环境，将教室变成外科手术室，称为“手术教室”

头两天帮忙做眼科手术，后五天在白内障营地帮忙。在诊所的最后一天，我们帮着给患者解除绷带，每位患者都得到一副特配眼镜，不过他们得到的眼镜都是一模一样的。其他的工作还包括修建厕所。我们骑自行车或摩托车去了不同的村庄，在地上挖个坑把蹲式马桶和水泥环放进去。

志愿工作与在国外旅游或工作有何不同？

2 我不得不承认这项工作比较辛苦。过去我出去旅游都住在青年旅社，条件还不错，因为环境相当整洁干净。做志愿工作时，我有时要打扫厕所。有时候我会问自己：“我到底到这儿来干什么？我宁可干别的事儿。”我不得不承认有时生活条件也有很大的不同。

床只是一块木板，连床垫都没有。我们也无法享受旅游的灵活性。当你单独或和别人一起旅游时，你喜欢做什么就做什么，累了就休息。但这是工作，我们得早早起床干活，但很有乐趣。

你出发前觉得志愿工作是什么样的？对它有什么期待？你的看法有改变吗？

3 我觉得志愿工作符合我的期望。我从小就想当医生，这也是我选择医疗作为志愿项目的原因。其他项目有做研究的，也有做考古挖掘的，但是我想和医疗工作者和医生一起工作，而这正是我所做的工作。

你参加的志愿活动要求志愿者付参加费，对于免费为别人工作还要自己掏钱，你是怎么想的？

4 我其实从来没有想过必须自己掏钱这件事。这不像我每周都参加的业余爱好，我当然知道我要做的事情会有一些花费，我攒钱的目的就是为了这个，因为我真的很想去，我对这个项目充满热情。虽然到世界的那个角落旅费很贵，但我从来就没觉得那是个负担，我只是提前计划并为此攒钱。

对于志愿者组织的有效性有很多争议，你认为你的加入给这个组织带来什么变化了吗？在哪些方面？

5我不知道我是否带来了什么变化，可我在出发之前就知道：在两周的时间内我不可能改变世界。我知道，他们非常高兴地看到美国和其他国家的人愿意帮助他们，我们花时间来为他们做些事情，这让他们很高兴。离开医院和学校操场时，他们有的人都哭了。我们在短短的几天内建立了感情。

你在志愿者工作中经历的最糟糕和最好的事是什么？

6 我这个项目里最糟糕的事情是等待。因为项目主任对某些事情没把握，没有事先计划好，让我们做了很多不必要的等待。他们做事不太有条理，如果地方机构与和平志愿者组织之间能够更好地相互沟通的话，事情就会顺利一些。

最好的经历是与其他志愿者建立友情，地方机构尽量给我们分配不同工种的活。我们玩得痛快，干得卖力。我们走访了许多民居、家庭和学校，并结识了很多当地人。每当想起骑车穿过稻田应邀去当地人家喝茶时的情景，我就会发自内心地微笑。

Keys

3.Choose the best answer to the questions.

1. c

2. c

3. b

4. d

5. d

6. c

4. Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1. installation

2. cement

3. dedicate

4. location

5. flexibility

6. participant

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

1. participant

2. dedicating

3. locations

4. installation

5. cement

6. flexibility

6 Answer the questions about the words.

1. a

2. a

3. a

4. b

5. a

Language in Use

1 Rewrite the sentences adding a compound adjective formed from the two words in brackets in the correct place.

1 I don’t want to spend all my salary on a short holiday. (hard + earn)

I don’t want to spend all my hard-earned salary on a short holiday.

2 He’s got a lot of ideas that aren’t going to help us to make progress. (old + fashion)

He’s got a lot of old-fashioned ideas that aren’t going to help us to make progress.

3 Thank you for your contribution to the discussion. (well + time)

Thank you for your well-timed contribution to the discussion.

4 There is a view that all students should have experience as volunteers before starting university. (widely +hold)

There is a widely-held view that all students should have experience as volunteers before starting university.

5 I have a lot of friends who wouldn’t be surprised by what you say. (open + mind)

I have a lot of open-minded friends who wouldn’t be surprised by what you say.

6 It’s a theory which was first put forward in the 1960s. (well + know)

It’s a well-known theory which was first put forward in the 1960s.

7 Marie uses a wheelchair which can carry a lot of equipment. (specially + adapt)

Marie uses a specially-adapted wheelchair which will carry a lot of equipment.

8 I love the smell of grass! (new + cut)

I love the smell of newly-cut grass!

2 check (?) the sentences which show examples of it for vague reference.

1 4 5 7

3 Rewrite the sentences.

1. On Monday I went to Oxford, and on Tuesday to Milton Keynes.

2. Some of the volunteers were interested in medicine, others in IT.

3. The first activity depended on physical strength, the second on reason.

4. After the accident he was examined by a doctor, a few days later by a psychologist.

5. Some people were advised to wear glasses, others to use contact lenses.

6. At the beginning we were worried about making friends, at the end about making ends meet.

7. My initial choice of university was based on the range of courses available, my final decision purely on costs.

4 Match the adjectives in Column A with the nouns inColumn B.

chosen career

basic skills

heavy demands

low-paid jobs

new-found friends

tough competition

5 Complete the sentences with the collocations in Activity 4.

1. Basic skills

2. chosen career

3. low-paid jobs

4. Tough competition

5. heavy demands

6. new-found friends

6 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. 毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈尔斯-布里格斯性格分类法”（简称MBTI），这种分类法把外向/内向性格两分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。

2. 对那些选择在这些方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富经验写进个人履历里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经验的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。

3. 我们帮他们搭建每年一度的白内障治疗营地，为当地老年白内障患者免费做手术，或为有需求的人检查眼疾。我们帮他们在学校里安装设备，打扫环境，将教室变成外科手术室，称为“手术教室”。头两天帮忙做眼科手术，后五天在白内障营地帮忙。

4. 他们做事不太有条理，如果地方机构与和平志愿者组织之间能够更好地相互沟通的话，事情就会顺利一些。最好的经历是与其他志愿者建立友情，地方机构尽量给我们分配不同工种的活。……我们结识了很多当地人。每当想起骑车穿过稻田应邀去当地人家喝茶时的情景，我就会发自内心地微笑。

7 Translate the sentences into English.

1. Nowadays in China, it’s no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university, because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago. But to be admitted by a first-class university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers.

2. It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the process are bound to help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off.

3. Though I can learn teamwork by working side by side with other volunteers, I need to pay for the participation. I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time.

4. Different sports have different requirements in terms of height, age, strength and stamina. Therefore, there are as many types of athletes as there are sports. There can be no doubt that anyone who wants to get some exercise can find the right sport.

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新一代大学英语综合教程1 期末考试答案 打印版

新一代大学英语综合教程 1 期末考试答案打印版 UNIT 1 .2、Indeed, we might feel as if we are suddenly awash in friends. Yet right before our eyes, we're also changing the way we conduct relationships. Face-to-face chatting is giving way to texting and messaging; people even prefer these electronic exchanges to, for instance, simply talking on a phone.Smaller circles of friends are being partially eclipsed by Facebook acquaintances routinely numbered in the hundreds. Amid these smaller trends, growing research suggests we could be entering a period of crisis for the entire concept of friendship. Where is all this leading modern-day society? Perhaps to a dark place, one where electronic stimuli slowly replace the joys of human contact.确实如此，我们似乎感到突然之间好友数量井喷。不过，我们眼前也正在改变为人处世的方式。面对面的聊天正在被短信取代；相比打个电话，人们甚至更愿意使用这些电子交流方式。脸谱网上的熟人圈儿动辄数百人，相比之下，现实生活中规模较小的朋友圈则显得黯淡少光。在这些较细微的趋势中，越来越多的研究表明友谊的整个概念正在遭受危机，而我们也许正在一步步地迈向这个危机时代。所有这一切要把现代社会引向何方？也许现代社会就此陷入黑暗深渊，在这个深渊里，人与人之间交往的乐趣慢慢地被电子诱惑所取代。 8、No single person is at fault, of course. The pressures on friendship today are broad. They arise from the demands of work, say, or a general busyness that means we have less quality time for others. How many individuals would say that friendship is the most important thing in their lives, only to move thousands of miles across the continent to take up a better-paid job?当然，这并不是某个人的错。如今，交友压力来自方方面面。比如来自工作压力，或是整天瞎忙，无法和他人享有高质量的沟通时间。有人嘴上说友谊是生命中最重要的东西，却为了一份收入颇丰的工作远赴千里之外。这样的人还少吗？ 9、Of course, we learn how to make friends —or not —in our most formative years, as children. Recent studies on childhood, and how the contemporary life of the child affects friendships, are illuminating. Again, the general mood is one of concern, and a central conclusion often reached relates to a lack of what is called "unstructured time."当然，我们是在性格成型的最重要的孩提时期学会如何结交朋友或是如何断交。最近，关于儿童期和儿时生活对交友的影响的研究很有启发性。这些研究再一次关注了风气这个问题，其主要结论都与孩子缺少―计划外时间‖有关。 10、Structured time results from the way an average day is parceled up for our kids — time for school, time for homework, time for music practice, even time for play. Yet too often today, no period is left unstructured. After all, who these days lets his child just wander off down the street? But that is precisely the kind of fallow time so vital for deeper friendships. It's then that we simply "hang out," with no tasks, no deadlines and no pressures. It is in those moments that children and adults alike can get to know others for who they are in themselves. ―计划内时间‖源自每一天的时间安排方式，何时上学，何时完成家庭作业，何时进行音乐训练，甚至何时玩耍，一股脑儿的塞给孩子。然而，再寻常不过的是，没有任何一个时段是没有安排的。毕竟，现在谁还会让自己的孩子在街上闲逛呢？但是，恰恰就是这种―无所事事‖的时间对于深厚的交情至关重要。在这个时间段，我们只是闲逛，没有任务，没有最后期限，没有任何压力。就在这些时候，孩子也罢，成人也罢，才能真正了解同行之人。 12、Aristotle had an attractive expression to capture the thought: close friends, he observed, "share salt together." It's not just that they sit together, passing the salt across the meal table. It's that they sit with one another across the course of their lives, sharing its savor — its moments, bitter and sweet. "The desire for friendship comes quickly; friendship does not," Aristotle also remarked. It's a key insight for an age of instant social connectivity, though one in which we paradoxically have an apparently growing need to be more deeply connected.亚 里士多德曾经这样表达此意，妙不可言。他 说，亲密的朋友，是―一起吃盐的朋友‖。他 并不是说朋友们坐在一起，在饭桌上把盐传 来传去。他的意思是朋友们共享人生经历， 分享各种滋味，苦的，甜的。亚里士多德还 说过―交友的想法常常匆匆而至，但是真正的 友情往往姗姗来迟。‖这对于当今这个时代来 说是一种重要的真知灼见。因为，在这个时 代里，虽然人们能迅速建立关系，不过我们 反倒越发觉得需要更深一步结识他人。 UNIT 26、With persistence and practice, such a process can lead to lasting results. I know one Wall Street executive who sought to improve his empathy –specifically his ability to read people’s reactions and their perspectives. Before beginning his quest, the executive’s subordinates were terrified of working with him. People even went so far as to hide bad news from him. Naturally, he was shocked when finally confronted with these facts. He went home and told his family – but they only confirmed what he had heard at work. When their opinions on any given subject did not mesh with his, they, too, were frightened of him.只要坚持并不断实践，这样的过程能够 带来持久的结果。我认识一位华尔街的主管， 他想方设法提高自己的同理心。具体一点就 是读懂对方的反应，了解对方的看法。在开 始努力寻求改变之前，这位主管的下属惧怕 与其一起工作。人们甚至对他隐瞒坏消息。 最终面对这些情况时，他自己自然大吃一惊。 回家后，他告诉家人——但家人更肯定了他 在单位听到的一切。无论什么话题，如果家 人的观点未能与之吻合，他们也会害怕他。 7、Enlisting the help of a coach, the executive went to work to heighten his empathy through practice and feedback. His first step was to take a vacation to a foreign country where he did not speak the language. While there, he monitored his reactions to the unfamiliar and his openness to people who were different from him. When he returned home, humbled by his week abroad, the executive asked his coach to shadow him for parts of the day, Several times a week, in order to critique how he treated people with new or different perspectives. At the same time, he consciously used on-the-job interactions as opportunities to practice ―hearing‖ ideas that differed from his. Finally, the executive had himself videotaped in meetings and asked those who worked for and with him to critique his ability to acknowledge and understand the feelings of others. It took several months, but the executive’s emotional intelligence did ultimately rise, and the improvement was reflected in his overall performance on the job.这位主管向私人教师 寻求帮助，他回到工作岗位，通过实践和别 人的反馈来提高自己的同理心。首先，他到 一个语言不通的国家去度假。在异国他乡， 他审视自己面对不熟悉事物的反应以及对异 族人群的开放性。返回家乡时，一周的国外 生活已使他丢掉了所有的高傲，这位主管让 私人教师一周跟踪自己几天，每天跟踪自己 几个时段，以此评价自己对持新观点或不同 观点人的态度。同时，他还有意识地利用工 作现场与人交往的机会来实践―倾听‖异己观 点。最后，主管还让人拍摄他开会时的表现， 让下属以及合作伙伴评价自己承认并理解他 人感情的能力。这个过程持续数月，但最终， 主管的情商确实提高了，并在他的整体工作 表现上体现了出来。 8 It’s important to emphasize that building one’s emotional intelligence cannot – will not – happen without sincere desire and concerted effort. A brief seminar won’t help; nor can one buy a how-to manual. It is much harder to learn to empathize –to internalize empathy as a natural response to people –than it is to become adept at regression analysis. But it can be done. ―Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm,‖ wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. If your goal is to become a real leader, these words can serve as a guidepost in your efforts to develop high emotional intelligence.需要强调的是，没有真诚的愿望 和竭尽全力的付出，培养情商是不可能的， 也不会有结果。一场简短的研讨会起不了作 用，实用操作手册也无法买到。要使同理心 内化为对别人的一种自然反应，才算是获得 了同理心，这比擅于回归分析要难得多。但 获得同理心也是能做到的。拉尔夫·沃尔 多·爱默生写道：―没有热情，就不可能取得 任何伟大的业绩。‖如果你的目标是成为一位 真正的领袖，这句话可以激励你不断努力， 提高情商。 UNIT 32、First, science is practiced by special people with a specific view of the world. Scientists try to be objective, unsentimental and unemotional. They do not let their feelings get in the way of their observations of real things, facts, as they call them. They often work in laboratories or in other areas where they can carefully control what they are working on. They do not just wander out onto the dock at sunset and look at the world with wonder, as a poet might. Ideally, they are also both honest and check them out and then utilize them in their findings so others can check them out and then utilize them in their own work. They do not claim more than they can prove, and often even less. But they are very proud of their calling and prefer to talk to other scientists rather than anybody else, especially poets, who tend to make them feel uncomfortable, to put them down.(Of course poets also feel scientists return the favor.)首 先，从事科学工作的是特殊的一类人，他们 具有特定的世界观。科学家努力保持客观、 理性，不感情用事，不会让感情妨碍他们观 察他们所说的实物和事实。科学家常常在实 验室或者他们能够严格控制研究对象的场所 工作。他们不会像诗人那样，在日落时去码 头闲逛，惊奇地观赏这个世界。典型的科学 家既朴实，又谦恭。他们总是尽量客观地汇 报他们的科学发现，以便别人能够证实并在 工作中加以运用。他们不会对自己不能证明 的事物妄加断言，甚至常常连自己能够证明 的也不去多说。然而，他们对―科学家‖这一 称谓引以为傲，更喜欢彼此相互交流，而不 太愿意和其他人交流，尤其是和诗人，因为 诗人总让他们感觉不自在，且常贬低他们。 （当然了，科学家在诗人眼里也不过如此。） 3、Second, science deals almost exclusively with things, not ideas or feelings, and with the external world and its workings, not inner states and their workings, despite the effort of some psychologists to be or seem scientific. The human body is considered to be or seem scientific. The human body is considered to be a part of the external world; the soul is not. Therefore, scientists work to understand the body but not the soul. Most scientists doubt the soul exists. The solar system and the universe are also part of the external world, although we have little enough direct evidence of their mode of existence. Scientists tend to assume the basic conditions of nature on Earth are the same everywhere in the cosmos.其次，科学的 研究对象基本上仅限于事物，而非思想或者 情感，仅限于外部世界及其运作，而非内在 状态及其运作，尽管一些心理学家也试图让 自己的工作具备或者显得有科学性。人体被 认为是外部世界的一部分，而人的灵魂则不 然。因此，科学家探索的是人的肌体，而不 是灵魂。大部分科学家怀疑灵魂的存在。太 阳系和宇宙也是外部世界的一部分，虽然我 们没有充足的直接证据来证明它们的存在模 式。科学家往往认为，地球上自然界的基本 状况无论在宇宙的何处都是一样的。 4、Mankind is only questionably part of the external world in this sense. Scientists are generally reluctant to deal with the behavior of large groups of men and women. Thus economists, for example, struggle to be considered scientists, but usually in vain. The external world of scientists contains some things, like quanta, quarks and quasars, that are