新概念英语第二册笔记第71课

Lesson 71 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟

【Text】

When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!

【课文翻译】

当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。

此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！

New words and expressions 生词和短语

Eg: The building was erected in 1900-1901.

此建筑是在1900年到1901年间建造的。

Eg: Demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building.

示威者在去往国会大楼的路上竖起了路障。

Eg: We all unconsciously erect barriers between each other.

我们都不知不觉的在彼此之间竖起了隔阂

2) adj.竖立的，垂直的，直立的

stand erect直立

Eg: Hold your head erect.

把头挺直。

3.accurate adj. 精确的，准确的

an accurate clock, map准确的钟，地图

Eg: His description was accurate.

他的叙述很准确。

Eg: Police have stressed that this is the most accurate description of the killer 警察强调说这就是杀人犯最为精确的描述了。

Eg: Journalists are not always accurate in what they write.

新闻工作者的报道并非一贯准确。

take accurate aim瞄得准

an accurate dimension精确的尺寸

accurately adv.

accuracy n.

4. Official

1）官方的

Official affairs 公务,公事

Official funds 公款

Official documents官方文件

an official announcement官方公告

an official website官方网站

Eg: The official reason given for the President's absence was sickness.

对于总统的缺席，官方给出的原因是生病了。

2）官员

Eg: A senior UN official hopes to visit Baghdad this month..

联合国的一个高级官员希望这个月去访问巴格达。

5.Greenwich n. 格林尼治/格林威治

Greenwich Mean Time世界时（也叫格林尼治/格林威治时间）缩写GMT

6.observatory n. 天文台，气象台

1）observe

vt. 庆祝=celebrate

Eg: How do you observe Children’s Day?

你如何庆祝儿童节？

vt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论

Eg: Someone who doesn't observe traffic regulations will sweat.

不遵守交通规则者必将要吃苦头。

Eg: We can observe our kids and learn more about them.

我们就可以观察我们的孩子，更多地了解他们。

2）Observer n 观察者

Eg: I think that's what I learned from him: how to be an observer.

我想这是我从他那里学到的：怎么做一个观察者。

3）observatory 天文台，气象台

7.Check 检查，核对

Eg: Check the accuracy of everything in your CV.

检查你的简历上每处都是准确的。

Eg: I think there is an age limit, but I have to check.

我觉得是有年龄限制的，但是我需要查一下 Eg: I shall need to check with the duty officer

我要与执勤管核对一下。

Eg: He must check his work more carefully because it's full of mistakes.

他检查工作时要再仔细一些，因为到处是错。

check in/check out 入房登记，退房办理 check in one's luggage 托运行李

check (up) on sb. 调查某人的行为，背景等 Eg: The police are checking up on him.警方正在调查他

checklist 清单 check-point 检查点

n. hold/keep sth in check 抑制，约束，制止 keep my temper in check 控制我自己不发脾气 8. Microphone 麦克风，扩音器，话筒

Eg: I keep these songs in my head until I get behind the microphone.

直到站在话筒前我一直是将这些歌记在脑中。

Eg: Record a CD. If you have a computer and microphone, all you need is your talent.

做一张CD 唱片。如果你拥有电脑和麦克风，所有你需要的只是你的才能。 Eg: Would you like to talk to me on the microphone, instead of typing in the chatroom.

你愿意用麦克风跟我讲话，而不是在聊天室里打字吗？ 9. Tower n 塔

Eg: The Tower of London stands in the East End of London.

伦敦塔位于伦敦的东区。

Eg: I felt dizzy when I looked down from the top of the television tower 当我从电视塔顶往下看时，我感到头晕目眩。 【课文讲解】

1. When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is

Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the famous

Eg: London was once famous for its fogs.

伦敦曾以多雾而闻名 Eg:Brighton is famous as a bathing place.

布来顿以海水浴场驰名

the =British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 在电视上看到，在广播里听到都用on 。

Eg: I saw him on TV last night.

昨天晚上我看到他上电视了。 when 引导的时间状语从句。

one of +名词复数 （前面可以用序数词，最高级等修饰） one of the most famous singers you will see 是定语从句 ，作things 的定语。省略了that ，只能用that. Big Ben 和the famous clock 同位语 which can be heard 定语从句 an be heard 情态动词的被动语态

2. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would

never have been erected.

If 引导的非真实条件句(详见key structure) 对过去事情的虚拟： If +从句（过去完成时）， 主句(would have done ）

Eg:If I had worked harder at school, I would have got a better job .

对现在事情的虚拟：

If +从句（一般过去时），主句（would do）

Eg:If I were in your position, I would act differently .

Eg:If you saw him now you wouldn’t recognize him .

错综时间下的用法：过去条件+现实情况

Eg: If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he should not be ill now.

要是当初听了医生的话，他现在就不会生病了。

Eg: If the doctor hadn’t come in time, the patient would be dead by now.

大夫及时到了，病人得救了。

burn down 使（烧成平地），烧毁

Eg: The hospital was burned down last month.那家医院上个月被烧毁了。

burn烧坏，烧伤，烧焦，烫伤,晒伤

Eg: The soup is very hot. Don't burn your mouth.

汤很热，别烫伤了你的嘴。

Eg: Sorry,I've burnt the sausage.

对不起，我把香肠给烤焦了。

Burn for sth.（通常用于进行时态。表示极欲做某事）

Eg: He is burning for avenging the death of his father.

他心急如焚要报杀父之仇。

Eg: burn one's boats/bridges断某人后路，破釜沉舟

burn the midnight oil开夜车

burn oneself out筋疲力尽或损害了自己的健康（指劳累过度）

Eg: If he doesn't stop working so hard,he'll burn himself out.

他继续这样拼命工作，就会累垮的。

3.Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of

the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.

take its name from 以……命名

Eg: The Hubble telescope takes its name from Hubble .

Sir Benjamin Hall sir+人的全名表示……爵士。

Sir Walter Scott

who引导的定语从句

be responsible for 为……负责

Eg: She is my child, and I am responsible for her.

她是我的孩子,我对她负责。

the making of the clock = making the clock

when 引导的时间状语从句

4.It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.

not only… but … as well 不但……而且

be +of +n. 用来表示人或物的特征。

Eg: We are of the same age .

Eg: This letter is of great importance .

extremely accurate 极其精确

（副词修饰形容词）

quite sure 十分确信

5.Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.

H have sb doing sth 让某人一直做

have sb do = let sb do =make sb do

让某人做某事

have sth to do 有什么事情要做

have sth done 让某事被做 （让别人做） = ask sb to do sth

6．On the you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.

strike v. 敲钟，打，打击（struck ,struck) connect … to … 这里是被动语态 the clock tower 钟塔 rarely adv. 几乎不

go wrong （with sth.) 出错，出故障，（机器等）发生故障/出毛病 Eg: My watch/the engine of the car has gone wrong. Eg: Something has gone wrong with my car .

6. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on

the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! fail to do sth. 没有做某事，未履行做某事，失败做某事 give the correct time 给予正确的时间

7. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands

and slowed it down! who 引导的定语从句

had been doing 过去完成进行时 hang sth. on sth.

a pot of paint 一桶油漆

slow … down…让某物慢下来。

Eg: He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic. 【关键词组摘录】

1. all over the world

2. burn down

3. take one ’s name from

4. be responsible for

5. not only, but also

6. of immense size 【Key structure 】 虚拟语气详细讲义

语法：虚拟语气： 一．虚拟语气的定义

虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air . 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed!祝您成功！ 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。

条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。if 有表示“如果”的意思如：

If time permits, we’ll go fishing together .如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 （主将从现）

如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，

7. extremely accurate

8. have the clock checked 9. be connected to 10. go wrong 11. fail to do sth 12. slow it down

所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.

如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：

动词形式时间从句主句

与现在事实相反动词过去式从句用过去式(be的过去式用were)

主句would(could/should/might)+动词原形

与过去事实相反从句用had+动词过去分词

主句用would(could/should/might)+have＋过去分词

与将来事实可能相反动词过去式

从句用should+动词原形

主句用would(could/should/might)+动词原形

或者were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形

注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。

1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：

If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth.

要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）

If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.

如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）

2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.

如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的）

3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：

If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.

假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。

---What would happen if I put the paper on the fire？

---It would burn.

---我若把只放在火上会怎么样？

---纸会烧着。

注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.

三．虚拟语气的其它用法

1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…”这类句型中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。如:

It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English.

重要的是每个北京人能说英语。

It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.

有必要马上把他送医院。

2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。

a.表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的过去式用were )表示。如：

I wish I knew the answer to the question.

我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道）

I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around

但愿我的家乡四季如春。（只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现）

b.表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had+过去分词。如：

I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much time.

我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。（实际上已经浪费掉了）

He wishes (wished) he hadn’t lost the chance.

他真希望没有失去机会。（事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜）

c.表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/should/could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）。如：

I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。

I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

（2）在suggest（建议）, demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，表示建议，要求，命令等。如：

I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会

The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south

这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。

注：当suggest表示暗示，主语为something；insist表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句用真实语气。

比较：

His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.

他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。

He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision他建议我坚持自己的决定。

He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.

他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。

He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day

他坚持他每天都要早操

3 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法

当主语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。如：

My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.

我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。

The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.

司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。

4．特殊的虚拟语气结构。

（1）虚拟语气用在状语从句中

由as if 或as ，though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词

的过去式(be→were) 或had + 过去分词。如：

The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child

这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。

He speaks as if he had been to the United States

他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。

（2）在It is time (that) …; I’d rather (that)…句型中从句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚

拟语气，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望”。如：

It is time that we did something to stop pollution.

该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。

It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.

该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。

I’d rather you told me the truth. 我真希望你告诉我真相。

I’d rather I didn’t see you again. 我宁愿不再见着你。

（3）虚拟语气用在简单句中

a 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：

Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?

请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？

It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。

b在一些习惯表达中。如：

You’d better set off now. 你最好现在就出发。

I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

c用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：

May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！

May you be happy! 祝你快乐！

May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！

用动词原形。例如：

Long live the people! 人民万岁！

“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”

5．虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法

在名词advice, suggestion, order, proposal等后接的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，起形式为“(should)+动词原形”，说明“建议”，“劝告”，“命令”等的具体内容。如：

The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.

提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。

Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on.

她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。

（一）主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句) ---考点，难点

（二）有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：

If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish

the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去）

I f you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。

新概念英语第二册笔记 第71课说课讲解

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Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.　读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格 化拟1anthropo ?人类 的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些

新概念英语第二册笔记-第71课

Lesson 71 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟 【Text】 When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! 【课文翻译】 当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。 此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！ New words and expressions 生词和短语 Eg: The building was erected in 1900-1901. 此建筑是在1900年到1901年间建造的。 Eg: Demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building.

新概念英语第二册笔记_第40课

Lesson 40 Food and talk进餐与交谈 Was Mrs. Rumbold a good companion at dinner? Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. 'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?' 'No,' she answered. 'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. 'Will you be staying in England?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. 'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!" 参考译文 在上星期的一次宴会上，女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁。兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。当我在她身旁坐下来的时候，她甚至连头都没有抬一下。她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。我试图找个话题和她聊聊。 “一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了，”我说，“您去看吗？” “不，”她回答。 “您今年去国外度假吗？”我又问。 “不，”她回答。 “您就呆在英国吗？”我问。 “不，”她回答。 失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意。 “年轻人，”她回答说，“如果你多吃点，少说点，我们两个都会吃得好的！” —、单词讲解New words and expressions host 1)n．待客的主人 hostess 女主人 the host nation 东道国，主办国 例: China is the host nation of the 2008 0lympic Games. 中国时2008奥运会的主办国。

新概念英语第二册Lesson70 Red for danger

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新概念英语第二册第七十一课笔记（3） 语法：虚拟语气： 一．语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 a. 陈述语气： 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了 Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯 c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

May you succeed!祝您成功！ 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。if有表示“如果”的意思如： If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor. 如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授） 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：

新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the in?uence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the arti?cial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants of?ces and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edi?ces and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ?一理理的 代 ?人造的?生存?方式隺加规模 I 平庸的 ?一倒夺巨?大的?大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to

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Lesson 70 Red for danger 危险的红色 【Text 】During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself.When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador. 【课文翻译】 在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间，人们开始大叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。当时那公牛正忙于对付斗牛士，但突然它看见了醉汉，只见他正大声说着粗鲁的话，手里挥动着一顶红帽子。对挑衅显 然非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士，直奔醉汉而来。观众突然静了下来，可这醉汉像是很有把握似的。当公牛逼近他时，他踉跄地住旁边一闪，牛扑空了。观众欢呼起来，醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢。然而，此时已有 3个人 进入斗牛场，迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地方。好像连牛也在为他感到遗憾，因为它一直同情地看着醉汉，直到他的背影消逝，才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。 New words and expressions 生词和短语 【生词讲解】 1.bullfight n. 斗牛（活动） bull n. 公牛 cow n. 母牛，奶牛 ox 大公牛(oxen, pl. ) calf 小牛 bull market 牛市（股市行情很好） bear market 熊市（股市行情不好） bully n. 恃强凌弱的人bullfight n. 斗牛drunk n. 醉汉wander v. 溜达，乱走ring n. 圆形竞技场地unaware adj. 不知道的，未觉察的bull n. 公牛matador n. 斗牛士 remark n. 评论；言语 apparently adv. 明显地 sensitive adj. 敏感的 criticism n. 批评 criticism n. 批评 charge v. 冲上去 clumsily adv. 笨拙地 bow v. 鞠躬 safety n. 安全地带 sympathetically adv. 同情地

新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

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新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版

L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由

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裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第70课#(优选.)

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