2013北语翻译硕士英语真题

2013北京语言大学翻译硕士英语笔译英语翻译基础（回忆版）

Ⅰ.Translate the following abbreviations and phrases into corresponding meanings.

1.HTTP 超文本传输协议

2. VAT 增值税

3. EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟

4.APEC 亚太经合组织

5. NPT（military) 不扩散核武器条约

6.IPO 首次公开募股；首次公开上市

7.strait exchange fundation 海基会(SEF)

8.The Milky Way 银河

9.dollar policy 金元外交

10. a five percent discount 九五折

11.returns on equity 股权回报率

12. running expense 经营费用

13.mass transit system 公共客运系统.

14.Equalitarianism 平均主义

15.International Date Line 国际日期变更线

16. 磁悬浮列车 Maglev train

17. 保质期gurantee period

18.自主招生 independent recruitment

19.工笔画traditional Chinese realistic painting

20.公积金public accumulation fund

21.限购 property-purchasing limitations

22.军国主义 militarism

23.三权分立（西方） separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers

24. 鸿门宴 Hongmen Banquet

25. 中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Comission (CSRC)

26.《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror

27探月工程 lunar probe program.

28.党内民主 Inner-party democracy

29.制海权command of sea

30.弱势群体 the disadvantaged / vulnerable group

Ⅱ、篇章翻译(120’)

英译汉(60’)

Source 1 (25’)

In bad economic times the temptation to bash immigration is overwhelmi ng. “Get the stench out of Greece,” runs a slogan of Golden Dawn, an increasingly popular

anti-immigrant party there. David Cameron has pledged to more than halve annual net migration into Britain by 2015. In America Republicans are wondering how much anti-immigration rhetoric contributed to Mitt Romney’s defeat in the presidential election. A change of political tune is badly needed. Evidence suggests that increased flows of people across borders could ignite global growth.

Source 2 (35’)

关于UFO 的一篇文章，

汉译英：(60’)

每个人都不免有一个理想，或为温饱，或为名利，或为学问，或为德行，所谓“从其大体者为大人，从其小体者为小人”。这种大小的分别究竟以什么为标准呢？哲学家们都承认：人的最高目的是幸福。但什么才是真的幸福呢？积学修德可被看成幸福，饱食暖衣也可被看成幸福，谁是谁非？我们从人的观点来说，人之所以高贵于禽兽者在于他的心灵。人如果要充分地表现他的人性，必须充实他的心灵生活。幸福是一种享受，人既有了肉体，即不能没有肉体的享受。所以我们不必如禁欲主义的清教徒般不近人情，但我们也须明白：肉体的享受不是人类最上的享受，而是人类与鸡豚狗彘所共有的。人类最上的享受是心灵的享受，学问、

艺术、道德都是心灵的活动，人如果在这三方面达到最高的境界，同时也就达到了最幸福的境界。

2

第一部分百科知识请对划线部分知识进行解释。（50分）

1.歼-15在“辽宁舰”上首次进行阻拦着陆和滑跃起飞试验飞行，罗阳同志为现场总指挥。

2.莎士比亚从英伦三岛走向国际化的过程中，歌德的推介功劳至大。而在莎士比亚作品中国化的过程中，几代中国文化人筚路蓝缕、薪尽火传，林纾、田汉、朱生豪、曹未风、曹禺等人的名字与莎剧中国化息息相关。

3.东盟峰会在金边举行，峰会期间，与会东盟领导人将重点与会领导人将讨论具体落实

《东盟宪章》各项目标、讨论深化区域合作、推进区域一体化进程、积极应对欧债危机及世界经济恢复乏力带来的诸多全球性挑战等重大问题。

4.世界各国的历法分虽然格式不同，但按其本质来分,共有三种,即阳历、阴历、阴阳历。

5.十八大报告中，胡锦涛提出“两个翻一番” 和“两个一百年”,令海内外全体炎黄子孙共同为之欣喜、振奋和自豪。“

第二部分应用文写作（40分）

根据下面三个人即曹宁、舒洁、查理的对话，以曹宁的名义书写一封致查理的“商业信函”，不少于450字。表达受访的基本意见。包括主体和落款。

是一个关于商标转让的谈话，对话比较长。有一些他们关于商标转让合作的细节，阅读时要自己筛选信息，整合一下，用在信函里。曹宁（受方，买方），舒洁（经纪人），查理（卖方，出口方）。对话：（略）

第三部分写作(60分）

阅读下列材料，根据自己的理解，写一篇不少于800字的短文。

题目：译事不宜

作为译者，当初生牛犊的蛮劲过去之后，有了一定的阅读、翻译积累，落笔往往更小心、更费思量。早先也一度恪守“死忠”，无限地忠于原文，不敢越雷池一步，好似讲人话的金山词霸。这一方面是经验缺乏，阅读量、实践量不够，故而

下笔如履薄冰；另一方面也是文字功底浅，硬伤在身，文采也就成奢谈，被人诟病“学生腔太浓”也不足为奇。翻翻自己过去的东西，的确有种鸡皮疙瘩掉落一地的感觉。但文字功底不是一朝一夕的事情，所以在有了一定的熟练程度之后，就是翻译状态的调整了。你的筋不再紧绷着，而是学会和着原著作者的节奏有起有浮，不再译得千人一面。拿唱歌做比喻，如果说早先学习翻译好比是大白嗓子，不加修饰，只是让人知道是这么个调、这么个词，若是不幸哪里再跑个调，本来就没精打采的听众就更要捂起耳朵了；要是学点乐理，练个声，运个气，动个情，当能悦耳许多。学会让翻译的声带松弛，就不容易让人有怎么说话好好的，一唱起来就捏着嗓子、拿腔拿调的错觉了。自然，又不可矫枉过正，喧宾夺主，动情成了滥情，把潜台词唱成标语口号，把涓涓细流演变成滔天巨浪。译者，永远在幕后，舞台的聚光灯永远打在作者身上。

总结：

2012年

1. 翻译基础

第一部分：

词语互译：

AFP法新社

FAO粮农组织

SME中小型企业

UNGA联合国大会

PBOC中国人民银行

UPU万国邮政联盟

B2C商家对顾客

national city bank of new york花旗银行

force majeure不可抗力

taewondo跆拳道

state-of-the-art顶级的

cathay pacific国泰航空

Mahatma Gandhi圣雄甘地

Bretton Woods System布雷顿森林体系

plurality rule简单多数原则

先发制人战略preemptive attack

民进党Democratic Progressive Party

“一站式”办公one-stop service

公益文化事业public cultural undertakings

生态足迹ecological footprint

贴现率discount rate; bank rate

海水淡化desalination/desalinization of sea water

安居工程Affordable Housing Program

西电东送power transmission from west China to east

大病医疗费用社会统筹

古兰经The Qur'an/Koran Bible

习惯法common law

皮影戏shadow play

鱼和熊掌不可兼得

官场现形记

Source text1:

It’s time to start calling the currentsituation what it is: a depression. True, it’s not a full replay of the GreatDepression, but that’s cold comfort. Unempl oyment in both America and Europeremains disastrously high. Leaders and institutions are increasinglydiscredited. And democratic values are under siege.

On that last point, I am not beingalarmist. On the political as on the economic front it’s important not to fallinto the “not as bad as” trap. High unemployment isn’t O.K.

just because ithasn’t hit 1933 levels; ominous political trends shouldn’t be dismissed justbecause there’s no Hitler in sight.

Let’s talk, in particular, about what’shappening in Europe— not because all is well with America, but because thegravity of European political developments isn’t widely understood.

First of all, the crisis of the euro iskilling the European dream. The shared currency, which was supposed to bindnations together, has instead created an atmosphere of bitter acrimony.

Specifically, demands for ever-harsherausterity, with no offsetting effort to foster growth, have done double damage.They have failed as economic policy, worsening unemployment without restoringconfidence; a Europe-wide recession now looks likely even if the immediatethreat of financial crisis is contained. And they have created immense anger,with many Europeans furious at what is perceived, fairly or unfairly (oractually a bit of both), as a heavy-handed exercise of German power.

Nobody familiar with Europe’s history canlook at this resurgence of hostility without feeling a shiver. Yet there may beworse things happening.

Right-wing populists are on the rise fromAustria, where the Freedom Party (whose leader used to have neo-Naziconnections) runs neck-and-neck in the polls with established parties, toFinland, where the anti-immigrant True Finns party had a strong electoral showinglast April. And these are rich countries whose economies have held up fairlywell. Matters look even more ominous in the poorer nations of Central andEastern Europe.

Source text2:

我们从人的观点来说，人之所以高贵于禽兽者在于他的心灵。人如果要充分地表现他的人性，必须充实他的心灵生活。幸福是一种享受。享受者或为肉体，或为

心灵。人既有肉体，即不能没有肉体的享受。我们不必如持禁欲主义的清教徒之不近人情，但是我们也须明白：肉体的享受不是人类最上的享受，而是人类与鸡豚狗彘所共有的。人类最上的享受是心灵的享受。哪些才是心灵的享受呢？就是真善美三种价值。学问、艺术、道德无一不是心灵的活动，人如果在这三方面达到最高的境界，同时也就达到最幸福的境界。

Source text3:

大意是：

孔子的思想是中国哲学的精髓，自古以来就受到中国的崇敬，后来成为了人们的信仰。自从汉武帝把儒教定位国教，历代对孔庙的保护都非常完好。巍峨耸立在山东曲阜的孔庙，占地X公顷，有房屋X间，大小门X扇。孔庙是中国最重要的文化保护遗产之一，也是世界文化遗产之一。

汉语写作和百科

名词解释

1. 韩素音

2. 义和团

3. 袁世凯

4. 基督教

5. 钱钟书

6.

《诗经》7. 《论语》8. 《史记》9. 希腊10. G2011. 欧元区12. 戛纳13. 新兴市场国家14. IMF 15. 新闻界的“走，转，改”16. 尺牍17. 德班18. 碳排放交易系统19国学20十二五

应用文写作：请你撰写一个纪念辛亥100周年的的征文启示。要求：目的，主题题材，格式寄送单位评奖办法单位地址邮编联系人

大作文写作：请以“说话的艺术”为题写作。材料给的是卡耐基

2011年

翻译基础

BP

EU

WHO

WWF

DNA

Malthusian theory

DPRK

FIFA

Goldman Sachs

南水北调

拳头产品

经济适用房

红色旅游区

孟子

穆斯林

入乡随俗

破釜沉舟

水浒

英译汉是关于环境会议讨论的文章，呼吁发达国家应当对不发达国家与岛国承担起更多责任而不是推卸责任。

汉译英

关于世博会的文章，世博会是一次空前的盛会。介绍鳞次栉比风格独特的世博建筑和眼花缭乱的各国展品，包括希腊的雅典娜雕塑，春秋战国时期的铜车马和法国绘画大师的杰作。

汉语写作与百科知识

名词解释：

科学发展观

十二五

通货膨胀

宏观经济

阿姆斯特丹

斯宾诺莎

犹太教

自然权利

秦观

七夕节

轴心时代

纵横家

应用文

写一篇450字的邀请函，邀请各界专家学者来北京XX大学参加美国诗人XX的研讨会，安排住在大学招待所，交通住宿费用自负，联系张XX，欢迎各界专家学者光临。

大作文

《孟子离娄下》中的《齐人有一妻一妾》，写一篇800字的记叙文或者议论文

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