英国文学 Part 1 知识点总结

Part 1 Old and Middle English Periods

Old English Period and Beowulf

1.BC 600, Celts(tribal people at early stage of Iron Age) came to British Isles.

2.BC 400-BC 300, Britons came to the Isles.

3.BC 55- AD 407, the conquest of Roman led by Julius Caesar.

4.At the beginning of 5th century, the Roman Empire declined. In AD 410, all Roman troops

were withdrawn.

5.AD 450, the conquest of Angles, Saxons and Jutes. These people were a seafaring people

who orginally lived along the coast of Denmark and Germany.

6.By the end of 6th century, a fedual society replaced the primitive tribal life.

7.Modern English orginates from Anglo-Saxon.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/569733621.html,te 8th century, Vikings invaded English. In the second half of the 9th century, English

people led by Alfred drove the Vikings off. But they invaded again in 1013 and were brought to a stop until 1036.

9.The first Anglo-Saxon chronicle was a landmark of the Old English periods.

10.In 1066, the Norman conquest and it made influence on the English language. The year 1066

was also a dividing part in English history (from old English to middle English ).

11.In 1349, English was officially introduced in school and in 1362 in courts of law.

12.In 597, Christianity was taken to England by Augustine. And it took Roman Catholic Church

about a century to Christianise all England.

13.Venerable(father) Bede 彼得神父: the greatest Latinist of Northumbrian School(诺桑波雷

恩学派). His most outstanding work is The Ecdesiastical History of Angles(《英国教会史》).

14.Caedmon: an Anglo-Saxon poet, who wrote in Anglo-Saxon a poetic paraphrase of the Bible.

15.Cynewulf: the author of poems on religious subjects during Old English periods.

16.Beowulf or The Song of Beowulf, is the great national epic poem of 3182 lines and it tells

events that took place on European Continent before Anglo-Saxon's moving.

17.There are two parts in Beowulf: ①fighting against Grendel and then against Grendel's

mother; ②fighting against a firedragon.

18.Artistic features of Beowulf: alliteration, kennings, solemn and animated mood.

Middle English Period and Chaucer

1.During Anglo-Norman period, there is the coexistence of three languages: Latin, Old English

and French.

2.The 1381 peasant uprising was led by Wat Tyler, but finally they were betrayed and Wat

Tyler was executed.

3.Two wars : ①War of the Roses(1455-1485) broke between the House of York(white) and

the House of Lancaster(red); ②Hundred Years War(against French), happened during 1337-1453, and finally the French won.

4.Trouvers brought romance from French to England.

5.Three subject matters of Romans(传奇故事): matter of France, matter of Rome and

matter of Britain.

6.Arthurian cycle(组诗) is the representative work in the group of matter of Britain.

7.One of the most well-known stories in Arthurian cycle is Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(高

文爵士和绿骑士).

8.John Ball: preaching equality and his works summoned many people during peasant

uprising.

9.John Wyclif: translating the Bible into English.

10.William Langland: The author of The Vision of Piers Plowman (农夫皮尔斯之幻想).

11.Ballad (民谣): the most famous one is The Robin Hood Ballads (罗宾汉).

12.Two important features of ballads: repetition and alliteration.

13.Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟): "Father of English poetry ", he was the first one to be buried at the

Poets' Corner(诗人角).

14.Three phases of Chaucer's creative career:

①phase of French influence: The Book of Duchess (《公爵夫人之书》).

②phase of Italian influence: Troilus and Criseyole (《特伊勒斯和克里西得》).

③English phase: The Canterbury Tales (《坎特伯雷故事集》)——his masterpiece.

15. There are two parts in The Canterbury Tales : the general prologue(前言) and 24 stories.

16. In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer used the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格押韵的对句)，also named the heroic couplet(英雄双韵体).

17. Chaucer is the first one who introduced heroic couplet(英雄双韵体) to England.

18. We call English used and developed by Chaucer and his contemporaries Middle English, which was the foundation of Modern English.

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(完整)最全面英国文学史知识点总结,推荐文档

英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. Artistic features: 1. Using alliteration Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5 2. Using metaphor and understatement Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ①坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③声誉之宫 Medieval Ages’popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

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人教版七年级下册各单元知识点总结

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英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are

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满意—不满 八、词语搭配 1. 动词搭配： （脱掉）棉袄（冲出）家门 （奔向）田野（寻找）春天 2. 形容词搭配： （害羞）的小姑娘（解冻）的小溪 （难忘）的日子（绿油油）的小柏树 （精心）地挑选（兴致勃勃）地挖着 九、词语归类 1. AABB 式的词语： 遮遮掩掩躲躲藏藏叮叮咚咚高高兴兴 快快乐乐 2. ABCC 式的词语： 兴致勃勃人才济济仪表堂堂 十、句子积累 1. 设问句、比喻句：不知细叶谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀。 2. 疑问句、感叹句：这是谁在我家门前种的花？真美啊！ 3. 比喻句：一棵绿油油的小柏树栽好了，就像战士一样笔直地站在那里。 十一、考点提示 1. 背诵：《村居》《咏柳》《赋得古原草送别（节选）》。 2. 理解《村居》《咏柳》所描绘的春天的景象。

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

英国文学选读知识总结

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.

英国文学简史知识点摘要

First Part: Terms 1.Romance:The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long compasition, sometimes in verses, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knights, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. He was devoted to the church and the king. The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry. The most popular romance is about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.(P8) 2.Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.(P17) 3.Utopia:Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversaion. It is devided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. The second book describes an ideal communist society, Utopia, in detail. The name “Utopia” comes from two Greek words meaning “no place”.(P33) 4.University Wits: There was a group of so-called “university wits”(Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash) who wrote for the stage of the time. They were all of humble birth and struggled for a livelihood through writing. They entered the dramatic circle between the years 1587 nd 1593.(P49) 5.Metaphysical: About the beginning of the 17th centuary appeared a school of poets called “Metaphysicals”by Samuel Johnson, the 18th centuary writter.(P116) Second Part: Poets, Arthors, Playwrites and Works 1.Beowulf: one long poem over 3,000 lines. It is the national epic of the English people.(P3) Features of Boewulf: the use of alliteration,the use of metaphors and of understatements, the tinge of ironical humour.(P5) 2.Piers the Plowman and Its Author: a long poem over7,000 lines, written by William Langland.(P11) Artistic Features: dream vision, allegory uses symbolism, realistic picture of medieval England(P15) 3.Chaucer:Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry (father of English