中级口译 欢迎光临

A：欢迎来上海，罗伯茨先生。我是上海邮电服务发展公司海外部主任陈天明。

B: Nice to meet you, Director Chen. I'm very excited to visit your company and of course, to tour around Shanghai and the whole country.

A：您专程从英国赶来，我很高兴。我们为您来此参加工作，成为我部门的一员而感到骄傲和荣幸。我真诚地希望您的来访有价值、有意义。

B: It is indeed my pleasure and privilege to have received your gracious invitation and work with a distinguished group of people like Director Chen. I had been looking forward to this visit for years. I had a dream that someday I would visit China and work in the beautiful city of Shanghai for a while. I'm very grateful that you have made my dream come true.

A：您对这次来沪短期工作有如此高的期望，真令人高兴。我们会尽力使您在沪期间过得舒适愉快。考虑到您的方便和舒适，您可以居住在公司的外宾专用别墅。别墅紧挨着海滩，从那里骑自行车15分钟可到我海外部的办公楼。您一定会喜欢的。

B: That's wonderful. Isn't it nice that not only your "Overseas" Department looks "over the sea". but also my residence?

A：罗伯茨先生，我真的很喜欢您的幽默感。您可知道“上海”这两个字在汉语里的字面意思是“海上之埠”?我们为能够安排英国朋友在临海的寓所下榻而感到骄傲。英国不是海上岛国吗?

B: I like what you said, Mr. Chen. We have much in common with Shanghai and its people. ] believe my wife will like here, too

A：我希望您的家人能早日与您在此团聚。我公司会支付包括国际机票在内所需的一切费用。B: Thank you so much for your concern, My wife teaches at a university and the best time for her and our son to come over is when school breaks in the summer. Two more months. We simply can't wait to see each other here in Shanghai.

A：真遗憾，您还要等那么久。

B: You're very nice, Mr. Chen, really.

A：长途飞行后您一定很累了。今晚有招待晚宴．您需要休息一下。晚上6时我派车来接您。B: Very good.

A：我得走了，我们晚上再见。

B: Bye now.

A: Welcome to Shanghai, Mr. Roberts. I'm Chen Tianming, from Shanghai Post and Telecommunications Service Development Company. I'm director of the company's Overseas Department.

B：很高兴见到您，陈主任。能访问贵公司我很兴奋，当然罗，我还能看看上海和整个中国，真令人兴奋。

A: I'm very happy that you have come all the way from Britain. We are very proud and honored that you will work with us, and be part of our department. I sincerely hope that your visit will be worthwhile and meaningful.

B：受到贵公司的友好邀请．来此与陈主任这样杰出的人士一起共事．我深感愉快和荣幸。我曾梦想有朝一日能访问中国，能在美丽的上海工作一段时间。我很高兴您使我的梦想成了真。

A: I'm very glad that you have so high expectations for this business trip in Shanghai. We will make an all out effort to make your stay comfortable and pleasant. For your convenience and comfort, we accommodate you in one of the company's villas for overseas visitors. It is located by

the beach, fifteen minutes' bi- cycle ride from the office building of the Overseas Department. I'm sure you will like it.

B：好极了。不仅您的“海外”部面向着大海，而且我的寓所也面向着大海，这不很有意思吗? A: I really like your sense of humor, Mr. Roberts. Do you know that the word "Shanghai" in Chinese literally means "a port on the sea". We're very proud that we can offer our British friends a residence overlooking the sea. Britain is a country of islands on the sea, isn't it?

B：您说得好，陈先生。我们与上海以及上海人有许多共同之处。我太太也一定会喜欢这里。A: I hope your family will join you soon. Our company will pay for all their expenses including international flights.

B：非常感谢您的关心。我太太是大学教师，她与我们儿子来此的最佳时间是暑期。还要等上两个月。我们真的等不及在上海相会。

A: I'm sorry you have to wait for that long.

B：陈先生，您真是个好人，真的。

A: You must be very tired after a long flight, Mr. Roberts. You'll need a rest for tonight's reception party. I'll send someone to pick you up at six.

B：好的。

A: I'm leaving. See you in the evening, then.

B：再见。

中级口译教程词汇翻译

第二单元接待口译Interpreting for Reception Service 2-1 机场迎宾Greeting at the Airport 人力资源部经理：manager of Human Resources. Top-notch: 顶尖的 能够成行：make it 不辞辛苦：in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空：take time from busy schedule run into a storm:下暴雨 Be held up: 耽搁clear up:天气转好 Attending service：服务倒时差：get over the jet-lag 行李齐了：get all the luggage 下榻宾馆：take sb.to the hotel 设宴洗尘：host a reception in one’s honor 总裁：chairman 杂技表演：acrobatic show 2-2 宾馆入住Hotel Accommodation Check-in: 登记住宿预定房间：have a reservation with 确认函：confirmation letter travel agency：旅行社 Itinerary：行程表accommodation：住宿 双人间：double room 豪华套房：a deluxe suite 8折优惠价：have a good rate with 20% off morning cal：:叫醒 Photo-copy：复印express mail：快递邮件 总台：Front desk 餐饮部：Catering Service 洗熨部：Laundry Service 楼层服务台：Floor Service Desk Fitness exercise：健身教练：coach 2-3 宴会招待Banquet Service 敬业（的专家）：dedicated（experts）contribute one’s share：尽了…责任Maneuver ：机动，演习，策略，调遣大自然所赐予的：Mother Nature grant us Cuisine：菜系色，香，味，形：color，aroma,taste,appearance 食物的质地：raw materials with quality texture 调料：seasonings 原汁原味：original flavor appetizing：引起食欲的 特色点心：special snack 酸甜适口：a sweet and sour sauce 皮薄汁醇：with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup. 皮脆肉嫩：(with a ) crispy skin and tender meat figure out：想出 好戏还在后头：have more surprises to expect 祝酒：drink to (the health) of sb. 干杯：cheers 2-4 参观访问Getting Around 高科技园区：High-Tech Park 业务经理：operation manager 鸟瞰：take a bird’s eye view of 言归正传：come back to story 走马观花：cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horsehack 显目审批权：be authorized to approve projects (with) 优惠政策：preferential policies 与国际管理体制接轨：operate under the management system of international standards 跨国公司：multinationals 骨干企业：enterprises of pillar industries 生物技术：biotechnology 高技术产业链：high-tech industry chains 一条龙服务：a stream –lined one-stop service 生态型开发：ecological conservation 可持续发展：sustainable development 绿草成茵：boasts stretches of green grass 流水潺潺：streams murmuring 鸟儿啁啾：birds chirping 四季花香：fragrant flowers blossoming all year round 安保服务：security service

中级口译教程词汇翻译

第二单元 接待口译 Interpreting for Reception Service 2- 1 机场迎宾 Greeting at the Airport 人力资源部经理:manager of Human Resources. 能够成行:make it 百忙中抽空：take time from busy schedule Be held up:耽搁 Attending service ：服务 行齐 了: get all the luggage 设宴洗尘:host a reception in one's honor 杂技表演：acrobatic show 2- 2 宾馆入住 Hotel Accommodation Check-in:登记住宿 确认函:confirmation letter Itinerary ：行程表 双人间：double room 8 折优惠价：have a good rate with 20% off Photo-copy ：复印 总台：Front desk 洗熨部:Laundry Service Fitness exercise ：健身 2-5 宴会招待 Banquet Service 敬业(的专家)：dedicated (experts) Maneuver :机动，演习,策略，调遣 Cuisine ：菜系 食物的质地:raw materials with quality texture 原汁原味：original flavor 特色点心：special snack 预立房间：have a reservation with travel agency: 旅行社 accommodation ：住宿 豪华套房：a deluxe suite morning cal ：:叫醒 express mail ： 快递 餐饮部：Catering Service 楼层服务台：Floor Service Desk 教练：coach contribute one's share ： 尽了 …责任 大自然所赐予的:Mother Nature grant us 色，香，味，形:color t aromadaste.appearance 调料：seasonings appetizing ：引起食欲的 酸甜适口: a sweet and sour sauce 皮薄汁醇：with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup ? 皮脆肉嫩：(with a ) crispy skin and tender meat figure out ：想出 好戏还在后头：have more suiprises to expect 祝洒：drink to (the health) of sb. 干杯：cheers 2- 4 参观访问 Getting Around 高科技园 区:High-Tech Park 鸟瞰:take a bird's eye view of 走马观花：cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horsehack 显目审批权：be authorized to approve projects (with)优惠政策：preferential policies 与国际管理体制接轨:operate under the management system of international standards 跨国公司:multinationals 生物技术：biotechnology 一条龙服务：a stream -lined one-stop service 可持续发展：sustainable development 流水潺潺：streams murmuring 四季花香:fragrant flowers blossoming all year round 安保服务:security service Top-notch:顶尖的 不辞辛苦：in spite of the tiring trip nin into a stomi:下暴雨 clear up:天气转好 倒时差:get over the jet-lag 下榻宾馆:lake sb.to the hotel 总裁：chairman 业务经理:operation manager 言 归正传:come back to story 件干企业：enterprises of pillar industries 高技术产业链:high-tech industry chains 生态型开发：ecological conservation 绿草成茵：boasts stretches of green grass 鸟儿蜩啾:birds chirping

历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案

历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案 原文： 越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。 这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。 译文： An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage. 解析： 本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。总体难度一般，以句号结束的句子即可作为一

中级口译教程词汇翻译

. 第二单元接待口译Interpreting for Reception Service 2-1 机场迎宾Greeting at the Airport 人力资源部经理：manager of Human Resources. Top-notch: 顶尖的 能够成行：make it 不辞辛苦：in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空：take time from busy schedule run into a storm:下暴雨 Be held up: 耽搁clear up:天气转好 Attending service：服务倒时差：get over the jet-lag 行李齐了：get all the luggage 下榻宾馆：take sb.to the hotel 设宴洗尘：host a reception in one's honor 总裁：chairman 杂技表演：acrobatic show 2-2 宾馆入住Hotel Accommodation Check-in: 登记住宿预定房间：have a reservation with 确认函：confirmation letter travel agency：旅行社 Itinerary：行程表accommodation：住宿 双人间：double room 豪华套房：a deluxe suite 8折优惠价：have a good rate with 20% off morning cal：:叫醒 Photo-copy：复印express mail：快递邮件 总台：Front desk 餐饮部：Catering Service 洗熨部：Laundry Service 楼层服务台：Floor Service Desk Fitness exercise：健身教练：coach 2-3 宴会招待Banquet Service 敬业（的专家）：dedicated（experts）contribute one's share：尽了…责任Maneuver ：机动，演习，策略，调遣大自然所赐予的：Mother Nature grant us Cuisine：菜系色，香，味，形：color，aroma,taste,appearance 食物的质地：raw materials with quality texture 调料：seasonings 原汁原味：original flavor appetizing：引起食欲的 特色点心：special snack 酸甜适口：a sweet and sour sauce 皮薄汁醇：with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup. 皮脆肉嫩：(with a ) crispy skin and tender meat figure out：想出 好戏还在后头：have more surprises to expect 祝酒：drink to (the health) of sb. 干杯：cheers 2-4 参观访问Getting Around 高科技园区：High-Tech Park 业务经理：operation manager

历年上海英语中级口译翻译英译汉真题及答案

历年上海英语中级口译翻译英译汉真题及答案 原文： 出自Newsweek Why We Must Fire Bad Teachers The relative decline of American education at the elementary- and high-school levels has long been a national embarrassment as well as a threat to the nation’s future. Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world. Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Lithuania, behind at least 10 other nations. For much of this time—roughly the last half century—professional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well. They tried New Math, open classrooms, Whole Language—but nothing seemed to achieve significant or lasting improvements. Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied. What really makes a difference, what matters more than the class size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, or even the curriculum, is the quality of the teacher. Much of the ability to teach is innate—an ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly classrooms that some people instinctively possess (and some people definitely do not). Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and pedagogy. In any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not. 我们为什么必须叫停“不称职”的老师?

中级口译教程 梅德明 第三版 3-2 投资意向

3-2 投资意向 词汇预习 Share my thoughts with you Foreign firm Investment destination 翻了两番 投资热 全面对外开放 沿海城市 内地 有利可图 I'm all ears to…… 最大限度 发挥有关双方的优势 幅员辽阔 税收 消费者市场 基础设施 诱人的投资政策 资金 管理知识 研究资料 合资／独资企业 资金 Enlightening Consultant 课文口译 Ａ：您好，罗伯茨先生． Ｂ：Hi, Miss Chen. I have been thinking about something lately and I'd like to share my thoughts with you. A:好呀，请说．我很高兴能为您做些什么． Ｂ：In the West everybody is talking about going to the East and making an investment. Apparently a growing number of foreign firms have been pouring into Chine, and the Pudong Area of Shanghai is among the best choices of their investment destination. Today it is not a matter of whether to go east, but when and how. Ａ：你说的完全对．海外人士在上海及其周边地区的投资近年来翻了两番．出现这一高涨不止的投资热有多种缘由．除了中国是世界上经济增长最快的国家之一这个原因外，中国政府和地方政府很重视全面对外开放，不仅开放沿海城市．也开放内地，尽可能吸引外资．另外，许多海外机构与个人投资者认为，在中国直接投资比中国公司做生意更有利可图．Ｂ：I'm not sure if I understand the logic behind this preference. I'm all ears to your explanation.

中级口译翻译

中译英 America’s great labor market slump continues to cast its pall over the economy, leaving one lonely group in particular shrouded in shadows. Over 6m Americans, more than 40% of all those unemployed, have now been out of work for more than six months. Most of these, 4.5m, haven't worked for a year or more. This crisis of long-term joblessness is unprecedented in the post-war period. 美国大型劳动力市场的萧条期在不断蔓延，以至于给经济蒙上了一层阴影，在特殊笼罩的阴影下，只剩下一部分孤独的人群。超过6百万的美国人中，在所有失业人群里，大于40%的人已经6个多月处于失业状态。这些大多数人中，有4500万人一年多以上没有工作了。这次长期的失业危机在战后时期是事无前例的。 英译中 原文朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行为里我发出现了这个信条。这个信条在我实在是不可理解的。对于我，要是没有朋友，我现在会变成呢个怎样可怜的东西，我自己也不知道。 最近我在法国哲学家居友的书里读到了这样的话：“生命的一个条件就是消费......世间有一种不能跟生存分开的慷慨，要是没有了它，我们就会死，就会从内部干枯。我们必须开花。道德、无私心就是人生的花。” 本意朋友是暂时的，家庭是永久的。从很多人的行为中我发现了这个道理。对于这个道理我实在难以理解。对于我，要是没有朋友，我不知道我现在会变得多么可怜。 最近我在读法国哲学家居友的书时，遇到了这样的话：“想要获得生命，我们就需要消费......时间上有一种事物与生存并存，要是缺少了它，我们就无法生存，我们的内心也会死去。我们必须开花。道德、无私心就是人生的话。 Friends are temporary and families are permanent.I found this sense from many people’s behaviors. I hardly understand this sense.For me,I don’t know how poor I am if I have no friends. When I recently have read a book from French’s philosopher called Juyou, I met these words：“If we want to get lives,we need consumption.There is a thing in the world that should exist at the same time with the living.If we are lack of it, we can’t live and our heart will die.We must be in flower. The flower of life is ethics and no selfishness.”

中级口译教程-梅德明-第四版-句子精炼_2-16单元(全)

句子精炼( Sentences in Focus ) Unit 2 接待口译（机场迎宾、宾馆入住、宴会招待、参观访问） 1. This is a fantastic airport, absolutely one of the top-notch international airports.（这个机场太美了，绝对是一个顶尖的国际机场。） 2. I’m very bad with a jet-lag. But I will be all right in a couple of days.（我倒时差很慢，但两天后自然就回复了。） 3. I’d like to have a 7 o’clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, laundry done, some documents photocopied, an express mail sent out, and something like that.（我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送到我房间，衣服要熨，文件要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。） 4. We all maneuvered successfully to get our job done, so to speak.（可以说我们每个人都成功的使我们的使命得以完成。） 5. Let’s delight ourselves completely in the foods that Mother Nature grants us.（让我们尽情享受大自然赋予我们的食物吧。） 6. 我要是没认错的话，您一定是从伦敦来的泰莱科教授吧。(You must be Prof. Tallack from London, if I’m not mistaken.) 7. 我是海通集团人力资源部经理。(I’m manager of Human Resources, the Haitong Group.) 8. 感激您不辞辛劳，从百忙之中抽空来我公司指导。(We are very grateful that you took time from your busy schedule and came to our company to give us advice.) 9. 今晚我们设宴为您洗尘。(We will host a reception dinner in your honor this evening.) 10. 我在你们的酒店预订了一间双人间，有确认函。(I have made a reservation for a double room with your hotel. And here is the confirmation letter.) 11. 提前10天预定房间可以享受8折优惠价。(You will have a good rate with 20％off when you make a reservation 10 days in advance.) 12. 我们有许多现代化的健身设备可以满足客人的不同需求。(We have many modern fitness facilities catering to the different needs of our guests.) 13. 没有凯兰女士的最后努力，现在还不知道怎样呢，恐怕我们还在谈判之中呢。(Without Ms. K eland’s last-minute effort, we would still be in the middle of nowhere, p robably in the middle of negotiations, I’m afraid.) 14. 同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色、香、味”三大要素，特点是注重调料的使用、食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。(Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Ben bang cuisine takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential quality elements. It emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and original flavors.) 15. 这些菜绝对是首选，你一定喜欢。别客气，请随意。(These dishes are absolutely tasters′ choice. I bet you will like them. Please help yourself to the dishes.) 16. 各位能够赏光来此共度一年中的这个美好时光，我感到非常荣幸，让我们共同举杯，祝各位身体健康，事业有成，阖家幸福。(I consider it a great honor to have you all here for this wonderful time of the year. Let us drink to the health, great career and happy family of everybody present.) 17. 我们先来鸟瞰一下整个园区吧，然后在园区内各处转悠一下，用我们的话来说就是“走马观花”。(First of all, we will take a bird’s-eye view of the Park. And then we will look around in the Park and, to use a Chinese metaphor, we will “cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on a horseback”.) 18. 高科技园区享有国家授予的项目审批权和优惠政策，是一个与国际管理体质接轨的经济区域。(The high-tech Park is authorized by the state government to approve projects with preferential policies, operating under the management system of international standards.)

中级口译历年真题--翻译篇

中级口译历年真题--翻译篇 2012年春季（3月） 英译汉原文： When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960′s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it we re the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. 英译汉参考译文： 我年轻的时候，有本非常好的杂志《全球目录》，这是我们那代人的“圣经”之一。杂志的创办人是斯图尔特·布兰德，创办地是在离这里不远的门罗公园，他赋予了这本杂志诗一样的美感。六十年代后期，个人电脑和桌面排版尚未出现，所以这本杂志完全利用打字机、剪刀、偏光镜来完成，有点像平装本的谷歌，却出现在谷歌问世三十五年前。这本杂志充满了理想色彩，充满了整齐利落的工具、不同寻常的见解。 斯图尔特和他的团队出版了几期《全球目录》，在它完成使命后，他们出版了最后一期杂志。那是在七十年代中期，那时我和你们的年龄相仿。杂志最后一期的封底上是张清晨的乡村公路的照片，那样的路，如果你有些冒险精神，可能会一路搭车走过。照片下面有两句话：“求知若饥，虚怀若愚”，这是他们停刊的告别语，“求知若饥，虚怀若愚”，我总是以此鼓励自己。现在，当你们即将毕业踏上新的旅程，我给予你们同样的期望。 翻译评析： 这篇短文取自于乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲。语言比较口语化，词汇不难。因为是演讲类短文，所以考生在翻译的时候大可以顺序驱动。节选的这个短文有几处的词汇和短语大家可以注意下： poetic：充满诗情画意的 idealistic: 理想主义的 run his course: 完成使命 hitchhiking: 搭乘 sign off: 停止签发，停止 汉译英： 吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。 瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。 参考译文： Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31st in every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well

中级口译--翻译教程第3单元PART ONE

中级口译--翻译教程第3单元PART ONE Unit three 3.1.1 翻译练习 A Mixed Economy：the United States System The economic system of the United States is principally privately owned. This system is often referred to as the "free enterprise system" and can be contrasted to a socialist economy, which depends heavily on government planning and on public ownership of the means of production. It should be noted that although the United States operates a system of private enterprise, government has to some extent always been involved in regulating and guiding the American economy. Yet despite this history of government intervention, individuals in the United States have always been able to choose for whom they will work and what they will buy. Most important, they vote for officials who will set economic policy. Traditionally, the system has been referred to as a "market economy". Now decisions are made by three groups and it is their dynamic interaction that makes the economy function. Consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis,the primary force being between producers and consumers; hence the market economy designation. Consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote the public security, assure fair competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises. Some of these public services include education, the postal (but not the telephone) service, the road system, social statistical reporting and, of course, national defense. In the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers； they are also voters who help influence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. In another development, the population and the labor force have moved dramatically from farms to cities, from the fields to the factories, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public services. In today's economy these providers of services far outnumber producers of agricultural and manufactured goods. Generally, there are three kinds of businesses: (1) those started and managed personally by single owners or single entrepreneurs; (2) the partnership where two or more people share the risks and rewards of a business, and (3) the corporation where shareholders as owners