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(完整)初中英语代词讲解

(完整)初中英语代词讲解
(完整)初中英语代词讲解

第三章 代词:

代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接

代词和不定代词等等。

第一节 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

1、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

(1)、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) /

Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?) / That ’s it.(就那么回事) / It ’s he!(是他!) (2)、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你

们的英语?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) (3)、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than 或as 之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形

式,口语中大多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁?) –It ’s I/me.(是我。) (4)、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you →he →I ”的顺序表达。如: Both he and I are working at that computer company .(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there ?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me .(你和我)

(5)、人称代词it 除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,

此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如:--What ’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—It ’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What ’s the time?(几点啦?) –It ’s 12:00.(12点) / It ’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well .(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)

2、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。

(1)、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如:

Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗?) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)

(2)、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者

表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如:

This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)

(3)、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如:

A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)

[试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)

3、反身代词:表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。

(1)、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如:

Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)

(2)、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:

The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)

4.指示代词:指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。

指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如:

What’s this?(这是什么?) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ ---Who is it?(是谁?) ---It’s me!(是我!)

6、关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。

1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在

从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。

如:The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的)

2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:

Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗?)

3、关系代词which指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Have you found the book which you

lost several days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗?)

4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Can you see the man/dog

that is running along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗?)

7、连接代词:用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。

英语中连接代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。

10、疑问代词:用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。

1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放

在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如:

Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的?) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么?)

2、who和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的

宾语;而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。

如:Who is that man?(那男的是谁?)/ What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色?) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的?)(被动句)

注意这个提问:The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲)

→Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲?)

3、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况

等进行提问。如:People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨)→Which people live

a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨?)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度

假你预订了哪家旅馆?)—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)

4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数;如果修饰名词,则以名词

的单复数为准。如:Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里?) /What is that? (那是什么?)/ What are those?(那些是什么?) / What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色?)

8、不定代词:代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。

※注:复合不定代词有12个:something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything

(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).

(1)some和 any 的用法:

some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:

I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他

们有朝一日会去那儿)

some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗?)

any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。

如:They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗?)

any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)

(2)no和none的用法:

no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如:There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点)/ They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)

none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如:None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的)

(3)all和both的用法:

all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。

both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如:

I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认

识) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个?两个都要。)

all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of可以省略。如:All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)

(4)every和each用法:

every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念;

each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念;each 可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前

every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)

(5)either和neither的用法:

either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。

neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去?一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)

(6)other、the other和another的用法:

other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如:

Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块?) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书)

another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。如:This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢?) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)

others与the others的主要区别:others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分);the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如:A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)

(7)many和much的用法:

many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如:I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多)

many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如:There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。)

(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法:

few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如:

He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)

(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some ,

any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) /Di(每个人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗?)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)

(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。

如:Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件?

/ I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)

(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如:I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。) /

He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。)

(12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别:

五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many;plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。

如:A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)

(13)none、no one、nobody的区别:no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of短语,

作主语时谓语用单数形式;none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的)/ Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)

9、相互代词:表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。

each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther 表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如:We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)

初中英语人称代词讲解与练习题(最新整理)

代词 例句: 1、主格=主语:表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student.They are students. 2、宾格=宾语:表示动作行为的对象。 Give me . I love you . 物主代词是表示:“~的”和“~的东西”的意思。 例:这是我的书包”:This is my schoolbag. 这里的 my 是一个形容词性物主代词,它只是作一个形容词用,后面必须再跟一个具体表示某个东西的名词,这里就是这个 schoolbag(书包)。 而“那个书包是我的 That schoolbag is mine. 这里的 mine 就是一个名词性物主代词,它的后面不能再有其它的名词。

人称代词及物主代词用法 实例讲解: 一、①第一行都是人称代词主格如:(我)am a teacher。 (我们)can play football. ②如果是问句,则放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词后面。 如:Are (你)a student? Do(他们)play football? Can (他)walk? 二、第二行都是人称代词宾格,放在动词或介词后。 如:Let me give (她) some sweets. Would you like to go with (我)? 三、第三行是形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词后面必须是名词。 如:This is (我的) potato. That is (你的) tomato. 四、第四行是名词性物主代词。名词性物主代词后面不用带名词,可以单独 使用。 如:This potato is (我的). That tomato is(你的). 【练习】 一. 单项选择。 ( ) 1. Don’t worry about your broken pen. You can use . (09 ft东青岛) A. my B. mine C. yours D. myself ( ) 2. This is desk. Mine is over there. (09 桂林) A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself ( ) 3. ---Do you know Alice? (09 杭州) ---Yes. I know very well.

初中英语语法—人称代词物主代词反身代词讲解与练习

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12. This toy is his. 这是他的玩具。(his为名词性物主代词=his toy) 13. She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮女孩。(She做主语,用主格形式) 14. He knows her. 他认识她。(her在句中做宾语,用宾格形式) 15. This is her mother. 这是她的妈妈。(his为形容词性物主代词) 16. Lucy’s clothes are more beautiful than hers. 露西的衣服比她的衣服漂亮。(her为名词性物主代词=her clothes) 17. They are good friends. 他们是好朋友。(They在句中做主语,用主格形式) 18. Parents love them. 父母爱他们。(them做宾语,用宾格形式)19.These are their bikes. 这些是他们的自行车。(their为形容词性物主代词) 20.My apples are bigger than theirs. 我的苹果比他们的苹果大。(theirs为名词性物主代词=their apples) 21. It belongs to you. 它属于你。(It在句中做主语,用主格形式) 22. I love it very much. 我非常喜欢它。(It在句中做宾语,用宾格形式) 23. I love its style. 我喜欢它的风格。(its为形容词性物主代词) 思考:想一想we 的各种形式是什么?

初中英语代词专项训练及答案

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初中英语物主代词讲解练习

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数们they m s ves 二、人称代词的基本用法: 1.主格:用作句子的主语,放在动词前(疑问句式放 在特殊动词后) e.g She lives in Canada. 2.宾格:用作句子的宾语,放在动词或介词后 e.g Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike. 3.形容词性物主代词:用作句子的定语,之后必须带 名词 e.g This is my book. That’s his book. 4.名词性物主代词:=形容词性物主代词+名词:相当 于一个名词词组,之后不能带名词 e.g His book is much newer than mine(= my book). 5.反身代词:一般放在动词后,要求同主语人称一致

enjoy oneself 玩得开心help oneself to 随便吃dress oneself 自己穿衣服by oneself 独自teach oneself 自学look arter oneself 照顾自己hurt oneself 受伤

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初中英语代词讲解集团标准化工作小组 [Q8QX9QT-X8QQB8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]

第三章代词: 代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代 词等等。 第一节人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 1、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

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