考研英语阅读40分高分研究(很长，但大家研究一下肯定有好处)

考研与高考、各类出国考试（TOEFL、GRE、GMAT 等）被认为是改变中国学生人生命运的三大考试。英语一直是筛选学生人选硕士研究生的最权威尺度，考研外语录取最低分数线（50~60分）的通过率被严格地控制在15~18%，一个的命运与其外语能力，在这里更确切地说是与考研英语能力（注意，有人的外语水平不低，但考研英语成绩却不理想）息息相关。

阅读理解与考研英语

长期以来考研英语阅读理解部分的教与学总是处于一种尴尬状态之中。

一方面，人人知道它的重要性：阅读理解占研究生入学考试英语总分的50%，每道阅读题分值为2分，往往因一念之差，选错一题，就会痛失2分，需要提醒大家注意的是，有的时候半分就能决定成败。

站在更深的层次，考研英语虽然从形式上分为词汇、语法、改错、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和作文等几部分，但归根结底都是在变相地考阅读理解。所谓完形填空无非是把阅读理解的文章去掉若干个词，要求您在阅读理解的基础上补缺；翻译就是把阅读理

解文章选出几句话来，同样需要您在阅读理解的前提下，用通顺甚至是华丽的汉语表达一下而已；词汇和语法都要求在对题干句阅读理解的基础上，再结合词汇及语法的具体特点才能作出最佳选择，而我们许多同学做词汇、语法题目时，非常重视词汇和语法的自身特点，却忽视了对于题干句语义的理解，这是非常简单而又常见的错误，当然也是这类题目准确率不高的一个主要原因；阅读理解不过关，作文也受到直接影响。阅读是别人写的文章让您读，而作文是自己写文章让别人看，别人写的文章您看不懂，头脑里没有素材、没有模型，自己笔下何来好文章。

对于广大考生而言，阅读理解部分完成的好坏关系研究生入学考试的成败，阅读理解过关等于研究生入学考试轻松了一大半。

但另一方面，考生大量背诵篇章，拼命作题，外加分析、总结，经过长期不懈的努力后，结果收效甚微。通常情况下，有很多考生阅读理解分数可以达到20

至25分，但超过35分的同学却廖廖无几。

考生难点分析

根据考生水平的水同，一般存在如下三种问题：

*部分考生读不懂文章，对于复杂句尤其是长句、多义词及难词理解有误。这些考生的英语阅读的基本功还有待提高。

*还有的考生文章读得懂，但抓不住重点，不知道到文章的什么地方去找答案，他们常常抱怨时间不够，来不及答题！

*对于水平较高的学生而言，尽管不存在上述问题，可以读懂文章，也知道答案在文章中所处位臵，但由于受到陷阱题的蒙蔽而犯错误，事后会觉得冤枉。常常听到考生这样的对话：

考生甲：“这种题太阴险了，我看懂了文章就应该能作对题，但我看懂了，却做不对，没道理！”

考生乙：“那您还是没看懂！”

阅读高分对策

一半是基本功，一半是技巧。

基本功漫谈

阅读的基本功是取得阅读高分重要保证，但这需要从长计议，非短期能奏效。中国大学英语教学体制是中国考生阅读理解能力低的主要原因。几乎所有到美国读书的中国学生会感觉到自己的阅读能力明显不

足，因为在国外，通常学生每次课后作业需要阅读长达数十页到数百页的文章，非常不适应，感到自己多年来在中国炼就的高超语法水平（如虚拟语气有多少种特例、很多八百年都用不上一次的词语搭配）却无用武之处。

据我多年应试与教学的体会，中国学生阅读最大的障碍在于对英语长句、复杂句的感觉和把握。文章读不懂，其实读不懂的还是难的句子，目前在研究生入学考试阅读部分中出现含有50~70个词汇长度的句子已属司空见惯，如果文中充满了主系和主谓宾单句的话，恐怕没有谁读不懂！对于大多数同学而言，个别单词不认识并不会造成语义理解的障碍，除非您的单词量实在是太小了，事实上很多同学阅读水平处在这样的一个阶段：很多单词是认识的，但句子长的，结构复杂了，句子语义理解起来就很慢、很吃力，或根本不理解，从而导致整个文章理解的障碍。

不见高山不显平地，事实上，只有当您能够读懂高于考研水平的句子的时候，才能真正享受到读考研文章的乐趣，才能够体会到考场的做阅读题时的轻松感。那么对于难句怎样才能过关？请参照王若平《硕

士研究生英语入学考试阅读基本功——难句过关》、石春桢《精编英语阅读220篇》、《新概念英语4》。考研阅读能力的最低要求

文章读一遍，能知道文章的中心、段中心及文章结构是对于考研阅读的最低要求，否则，无论您如何努力，不提高基本功，都无济于事。

我不是教您诈——技巧的实质就是反命题

取得阅读高分的另一半就是技巧，技巧的实质是什么？可以说技艺就是反命题，技巧的运用过程就是命题与反命题的较量过程。其实命题和小时玩的捉迷藏相似，每一道题目都是经命题者精心设计的。很多同学都有这样的体会，当题目吃不准的时候，做对很难，做错却很容易。我对题目的四个选项是这样划分的，其中作为答案的选项是解，其余几个选项都是干扰项，所谓干扰项就是您特别容易去选但又是错误选项，是非常有诱惑力的选项。其实命题的过程就是一个合理地设计陷阱的过程，反命题就是反其道而行之，理智地躲避陷阱。

所谓技巧是通过对标准化命题特点的理性分析、研究命题大路套路，在掌握命题规律的基础上，预测题

目，或在对题目理解不全面的情况下，抓住标准化命题的致命弱点，最大概率求解。甚至只看选择项，不看文章，即可选对答案。

阅读应试技巧来源于英语应试鬼才们的应试心得中国目前有一些英语应试的精英，被西方人认为是英语应试鬼才。为什么说是鬼才呢？因为这些人英语考试经常会取得一些难以令人臵信的好成绩，他们考研究生就得97分，考TOEFL就得677分，考GRE就得2340分以上，考GMAT就得750分以上。当初，中国人GRE一考到2300分以上，美国人就会取消这些成绩，理由是作弊，因为正常“人类”是不应当考到这样高分的，连命题人自己也做不到，除非作弊。后来每年都有中国学生GRE考分超过2300分，他们才不得不承认中国人的智商确实达到这个程度了，西方人就将他们称为是英语应试的奇才、鬼才、怪才。技巧从何而来？技巧是中国英语应试鬼才的考试心得！本书的考研英语之九阴真经部分集英语应试鬼才们的应试心得之大成与考研命题专家之精华，希望大家细心体会高手们对于命题的理解与临场应试的心法。题型就是出题的套路

相声中讲的黄半仙算命，老百姓说他算得很准。比方一个农村妇女丢了首饰，也就告诉她，我已经算清楚了，丢的东西定是在锅台边、灶坑边，或床底下，这些都是她他常“出没”的地方，结果当然能找到。这和抓贼也一样，如果要黑社会老大抓一个小偷，就易如反掌，因为他对贼路很熟悉，知道他们哪些地方会去，那些地方根本不会去，可谓探囊取物，手到擒来。以上的事例无非是想说明，“仙有仙路”，黑社会有黑道，解题也同样要熟悉命题规律，掌握题路。技巧的总结需要理智的头脑

历史上范蠡辅佐越王功成身退，不是他不想当官，而是他明白越王是一个只能共患难、不能同享乐的人而已，但文仲却没有这个智慧而被杀。后来，范蠡在民间做生意，发了财，他的一个儿子犯了死罪，他要派他的小儿子去行贿，但长子坚持要去，不得已，只好让他去了。范蠡说：长子此去，一定会失败，因为长子同他一起创业，倍感挣钱的艰辛，对于财物很珍惜，出手不大方，所以不会成功；而小儿子是在优越的环境下长大的，自然能够挥金如土，才有望成功。后来果如其言，其子被杀。我讲了范蠡的故事无非是

提醒大家，洞察力是一个人应付一切包括考试在内的一种十分重要的能力。

战斗经验的总结——“考过的是解”

每套试题无非是各种题型按一定难度的组合，所以作完题目后的总结很重要。总结什么？大多数老师和同学的作法是总结词汇及用法，这有助于累积英语的零碎知识。但需要提醒大家的是对于题目的总结更重要的是对于题型的归纳和分析，要知道，凡是全真题出现过的题型、考过的思路都极可能是重复的考点。要记住：“考过的是解。”

记得我的一个学生在考六级之前一个星期，很没信心，说自己的基本功太差，后来我就说你就将从前做的全真题的解都看一遍，总结一下解的规律，看看有没有感觉。后来他对我说：确实很多解都有规律，尤其是难题，如：“考过的是解”、“隐蔽外有解”、“合理项不是解；不合理项是解”、“中心思想是解”、“照抄原文不是解；同义替换是解”、“含义肯定的不是解，含义不肯定的是解”、“具体的不是解，概括性的是解”、“系表结构是解”、“some是解”、“具体是不是解；抽象的是解”、“简单的不是解，复杂的是解”、“含义矛盾的是解”、“复合句是解”、

“比较结构是解”等等。后来他在考研考试后说，考场上感觉好级了，因为这次考试难题太多，如果没有对解的深入理解，恐怕即使花再多时间，也很难做对。当自己做完题后，看到别人仍然苦苦奋战于考场上的时候，心中暗暗得意。后来此人果然成绩不错。此君悟性极高，故能顿悟标准化命题的真谛。

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