科技英语写作高级教程参考答案完整(可编辑修改word版)
the The an An The the the 练习 1
II 冠词
1. Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.（Emmet 博士 2001 年毕
业于哈弗大学）
2. Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from Xi’an
University of Technology in 1988.（李教授 1998 年在西安理工大学获得机械工程博士学位）
3. Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.（现在我们转向（turn
to ）讨论一下局域网）
4. Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important spectrometer.（质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪器）
instrument as optical
5. How long a time [或 How much time] is required to this experiment?（做这个实
验需要多长时间？）
6.
increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.（压力的增加总会引起体积的减少）
7. Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).（图（2-5）画出了式（2-2）所表
示的情况）
8.
III 、改错
unit of inductance is henry.（电感的单位是亨利） 1.
UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.（UASMA 协议采用了独特的帧结构）
2. Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.（ 最
后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器）
3. Dynamic analysis and evaluation of security of a proactive secret sharing
system （先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估）
4. The approach can be applied to one-dimensional potential barrier with arbitrary profile.（该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒）
5. We propose based on iterative method.（我们提
出了一种基于牛顿地带发的数值方法）
练习 2
1. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.（该电路是由一个电池、一个电感器和一个电容器组成）
2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.（试计算在 a 、b 、c 三点处的电场。）
3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great
Britain, France and Italy.（这颗卫星用于美国与英国、法国、意大利之间的通讯）
4. We assume the antenna is vertical and its loss is zero.（我们假设该天线 是垂直的，并且其损耗为 0） The the an
that that Newton’s a numerical method the
that and 5. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.（第 6、7、8 章论述传输线） II 、将下列句子译成英语，注意正确使用数词
1. Its error is six parts in 101
2.（其误差为千亿分之六）
2. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).（这台计算机存储的信息比那台多 3 倍）
3. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is. （不久的将来对这种设备的需求量是现在的 20 倍）
4. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.（这个元件上的电压为零点几伏特）
5. Now its internal pressure is one sixteenth what it was.（现在其内部压力是原来的十六分之一）
III 、改错
1. This object is over 倍多）
times than that one is.（这个物体比那个物体重 4 2. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and can be neglected.（除非另有说明，我们假设使用的是硅管、I CBO 可以忽略不计）
I CBO 3. This circuit has the advantages of simple structure and easy adjustment.（这个电路 的优点是结构简单、容易调整）
4. Figs. 1, 2, 3 show this process in detail.（图 1、2、3 详细地画出了这个过程）
5. For further information, consult references [3, 5, 9].（对于进一步信息，参见文献
[3]、[5]、[9]）
练习 3
I 、将下列句子译成英语，注意正确使用介词
1. This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.（这种
新型计算机与普通计算机相比有许多优点）
2. It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknown quantity.（解这个微分方程把未知量求出来并不难）
3. Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.（在这新的五章中，第一章论述负反馈的基本原理）
4. At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by 90o .（这时，电流与电压 相位（phase ）相差 90°）
5. By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we can
understand its performance.（通过分析该仪器的参数，我们就能了解它的性能）
6. We will find out its average velocity over this distance.（我们要求出它在这一距 离上的平均速度）
7. The science of electronics is too important in the world today. （电子学这门科学在现今世界太重要了）
five heavier
8.They solved this problem with great difficulty.（他们极为困难的解出了这道题）II、画线部分用介词短语表示
1.For x＞1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].
2.Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] the equation, we
obtained the following expression.（在把这些代数带入该方程后，我们得到了下面的表达式）
3.This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.（这个电路的工作情况类似
于图1-10 的电路）
4.This computer is very good in performance.（这台计算机的性能很好）
5.These waves travel only in one direction.（这些波只向一个方向传播）
III、改错
1.This paper presents a new method for the recognition of radar targets.（本文提
出了雷达目标的一种新的识别方法）
2.The influence of the moving state of the target on the tracking accuracy of the EKF
is great.（目标的运动状态对EKF 的跟踪精度影响是非常大的）
3.Another comsat was launched on the morning of the 8th of October.（在10 月8 日
早上又发射了一颗通信卫星）
4.Voltage is measured in volts.（电压时用伏特来度量的）
5.They will leave for Beijing to attend an international conference on mobile
communication.（他们将赴北京参加移动通信国际会议）
练习4
1.The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.（该力垂直于桌面作用）
2.The three coefficients here remains to be determined.（这里的三个系数有待于确定）
3.The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters/in the chapters which follow.（下面的两个式子在后面几章将会经常用到）
4.Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.（这里我们使用相距10 厘米的两个金属球）
5.The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same. （输出保持不变）
6.All the textbooks available discuss this problem.（现有的教科书均讨论了这一问题）
7.Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications. （计算机由于运算准确、速度快而得到了广泛的应用）
8.The answer to this problem looks correct.（这个题的答案看起来是正确的）
9.Two parallel wires a distance (of)δapart carry the current i.（两根相距为δ的平行导线有电流i）
their use its definition either 10. The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.（现在的问题是如何测量这个元件上的电压）
11. These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.（这些数据将传送到 2 千米外的计算中心）
12. Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression. （对上面的那个方程整理之后，我们得到下面的表达式）
13. These charges can interact with other charges present.（这些电荷能与存在的其他电荷相互作用）
14. Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.（力可以没有接触而传递，这与普通的观念相反）
15. This coefficient is typically 0.35.（这个系数的典型值为 0.35）
II 、改错
1. In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]（在这种情况下。输入并不下降，输出也不下降）
2. The resistance of a conductor depends on the material which the conductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.（导体的电阻不仅取决于制成导体的材料，而且取决于导体的尺寸和温度）
3. These scientists are very 趣）
4. This parameter can this topic.（这些科学家们对该论题很感兴
be measured.（这个参数几乎不能测出来）
5. In this laboratory, this instrument is more expensive than any
else.（在这个实验中，这台仪器比其他任何一台都贵）
one/ any one
6. The features of this device are small size and light weight.（该设备的特点使体积 小、重量轻）
练习 5
I 、画线部分用短语表示
1. This equation can be solved in of the following two ways/the two ways which follow.（这个方程我们可以用以下两种方法的任何一种来求解）
2. This baseball will soon come to rest because of 个棒球不久会停下来，是因为它与地面相互作用的缘故）
with the ground.（这 3. 4. From of this coefficient as 1 is correct.（我们把这个系数选为 1 是正确的）
as the ratio of a force to a length, we can see that k has the same unit as work (does).（从把它定义为力与长度之比，我们可以看出 k 具有与功相同的单位）
5. 意义的）
of the machine is of great significance.（我们对该机器的分析是很有 6. This facilitates in circuit analysis.（这有助于把他们用在电路分析中） of in Our analysis Our choice its interaction other hardly interested not only
a process one hundredth the diameter of a silk thread
II 、画线部分用名词或名词短语表示
1. This police car is equipped with a receiver the size of a matchbox. （这辆警车装备了像火柴盒那样大小的接收机）
2. Wires are used to connect these components. （人们使用一根丝线（silk thread ）的百分之一那样粗细（diameter ）的导线（wire ）来连接这些部件）
3. We must 却）
cool these equipments/devices. （我们必须对这些设备进行水冷 4. In the past, telephone calls were （operator ）来连接的）
connected.（在过去，电话是靠接线员 5. AC can be changed/turned/converted/transformed/translated into/to DC, called/known as/referred to as rectification.（交流电可以被转换成直流电，这一过程被称为整流（rectification ）
6. A magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon.（磁铁（magnet ）能吸引 铁质材料（iron material ），这是大家熟悉的现象）
7. Computers are capable of processing information, accomplished only inside our heads.（计算机能够处理信息，而这一过程以前只能在我们头脑里完成）
8. An instrument for measuring current, voltage, and resistance, the multimeter is widely used in electrical engineering.（万用表是测量电流、电压、电阻的仪表，它广泛的用在电器工程中）
III 、翻译
1. Secs. 1.1 and 1.2 will discuss several other problems.（在 1.1 和 1.2 节将讨论其它几个问题，sec.）
2. Problems are listed/given on pp. 1-5.（习题列在第 1-5 页上）
3. In the equations above, all h’s are the hybrid parameters.（在上面的几个式子中，所有的 h 都是混合参数）
4. The mass of the standard pound is equal to 0.4535924277 kilograms.（标准磅的质量等于 0.4535924277 千克）
5. All a’s and b’s in Eq. (5-1) are related to the impedance Ro.（式 5-1 中所有的a 和b 都与阻抗 R0 有关）
6. We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductors into account.（我们必须把温度对半导体的影响考虑进去）
7. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.（在这种情况下，输出随输入的变化是很小的）
8. This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed. （这一曲线表示出了距离对于速度的依从关系） previously could be a process that operator water
special Neither of the Iron new whether IV 、改错 1. 这类特殊的微分方程）
solve this
type of differential equation.（他们都不会解 2. They do not know this material can stand so large a force or not.（他们不 知道这材料能否承受这么大的力）
3. There are M polygons altogether, each of which has N vertexes.（共有 M 个多边形，其每个顶点数均为 N ）
4. These two engineers are busy (in) 师在忙于设计一种新的软件）
a kind of software.（这两位工程 5. is almost as good a conductor as aluminum.（铁的导电性能几乎与铝一样好）
练习 6
I 、画线部分用插入语表示
1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.（人们将会注意到，这个像是个实 像）
2. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.（我们希望，这个技术问题 不久就会解决）
3. 210 is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digital electronics.（210 近似为 1000，这一点我们认为在学习数字电子学中是很有用的）
4. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.（这里应该使用一个比如说100 欧 姆的电阻器）
II 、翻译，正确表达否定和时态
1. 一点）
2.
3. textbooks have/has mentioned this point.（那些教科书均没有提到这
of these x values cannot satisfy the equation.（这些 x 值并非都能满足该方程） two conditions is satisfied here.（那两个条件在此都没有得到满足）
4. In the preceding/previous chapter, we 们讨论了能量）
all kinds of force.（在前一章，我 5. This paper 的一种新方法）
a new method for designing aircraft.（本文论述了设计飞机 6. By the end of the last century, the company 个世纪末，该公司已经制造了 5000 部雷达） 7. Since 2008, this research institute 5 000 radars.（到上
a kind of robot.（自 从 2008 年以来，这个研究所一直在开发一种特殊的机器人）
III 、翻译 正确使用被动句
1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.（在 1.2 节介绍了力的概念）
2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful. （早在 20 世纪 40 年代，人们发现半导体是非常有用的）
All has been developing had manufactured describes discussed None of those designing special None of them can
agree with new (in) designing The two much better 3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.（这一结果也能用另一种方法来获得(arrive at)）
4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, this phenomenon was made no use of.（当时人们没有使用（make use of ）这一现象）
5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.（这一点将在下一章讨论（deal with ）
IV 、翻译，正确使用表示比较的句型
1. This computer works than that one (does)/This computer is much better in performance than that one (is).（这台计算机的性能比那台好得多）
2. This computer requires 所需的元件数比那台多得多）
components than that one (does).（这台计算机 3. The distance of the moon from the earth is 的距离远达 24 万英里）
240 000 miles.（月亮离地球 4. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximum voltage.)（电阻（resistance ）越大，电容器（capacitor ）达到其最大电压（voltage ）所需的时间越长）
5. The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.（小达 0.1A 的电流不能 产生足够的热量）
V 、改错
1. It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body. 或 ： We can determine the weight of the body easily.（我们容易确定该物体的质量）
2. engineers are busy a type of computer.（这两位工程 师忙于设计一种新的计算机）
3. We find this concept very difficult to explain.（我们发现这个概念很难解释）
4. 么大的力）
5. Work these windows can withstand so large a force.（这些窗户均承受不了这
[is equal to] force multiplied by/times distance.（功等于力乘以距离）
6. The results obtained the experimental values. [… are in agreement with the experimental values.]（所得结果与实验数值想吻合）
练习 7
I 、画线部分使用不定式
1. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft with the help of a computer. （借助计算机设计这种飞机只需要几个月的时间）
2. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.（ 证明 （show ）这个表达式成立（hold ）就留作读者的一个练习）
3. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.（要执行（execute ）的程序存储在 equals None of
as great as many more
do information Various satellites change makes the variation of light intensity with the cylinder diameter 这一单元中）
4. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.（这山谷（valley ）用作为建坝（dam ）的基础（foundation ）
5. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument for students to choose from.（这实验中有许多种仪表供学生选择）
6. Let t 0 equal/be equal to zero.（设（let ）t 0 等于零）
7. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes for the echo to return.（目标离得越远，回波（echo ）返回所需的时间久越长）
8. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.（ 为使该级数（ s eries ） 收敛 （converge ），x 必须小于 1）
9. We find this concept very difficult to understand.（我们发现这个概念很难理解）
10. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.（这方法使得检测（detect ）目标容易得多了）
11. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.（这个因素会影响计算机存储信息的能力）
12. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.（我们得求出使 r 为多大时才能使该级数收敛）
13. This is a pen to draw pictures with.（这是画画所用的笔）
14. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after being
deformed.（弹性（elasticity ）是物体变形（deform ）后能恢复（return to ）原状的趋势）
15. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.（ 普通物质被说成是电中性的 （electrically neutral ）
16. T his property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.（这一性质使得金属能被做成任何的形状）
17. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.（这张桌子不适宜学生做实验）
18. Now we consider what path of integration to take.（现在我们考虑取什么样的积分路径（path of integration ）
II 、改错
1. The sine law of emphasized.（强调指出了光强随圆柱体直径变化的正弦规律）
has been 2. Not only temperature and light affect the conductivity, but the addition of impurities to semiconductors also it greatly.（不仅温度和光影响导电率，而 且给半导体加杂志也会使导电率变化很大）
3. are frequently launched to obtain about/on space.（人 们经常发射各种卫星来获得有关太空的信息）
4. Our semiconductor industry 工业是在 20 世纪 50 年代形成的）
into being the end of the 1950s.（我们的半导体 at came
My colleagues and I
5.would like to express our thanks to Professor W. Smith for his great help.（我和我的同事们愿对w.史密斯教授给予我们的大力帮助表示感谢）
练习8
I、画线部分使用分词或分词短语
1.The amplifier amplifies the received signals.（该放大器（amplifier）放大（amplify）接收到的信号）
2.Moving molecules have kinetic energy.（运动的分子（molecule）具有动能（kinetic energy）
3.Speed equals distance divided by time.（速度等于距离除以时间）
4.Voltage equals/（is equal to）current multiplied by resistance. （电压等于电流乘以电阻）
5.The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.（空气阻力随速度的增加而增加）
6. A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on/round an iron core.（变压器（transformer）是由绕（wind）在铁芯（iron core）上的两个或多个线圈（coil）组成的一种装置）
7.It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.（必须求出流过这个元件上的电流）
8.This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.（这本书，如果使用得当，对读者是很有帮助的）
9.Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.（流过电路的时候，电流会失去一部分能量）
10.Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.（若已知时间和速度，
我们就能求出距离来）
11.Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood the principle of a computer.（学完这章后，学生们将懂得计算机的原理了）
12.The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods. （由于光速极大，我们不能用普通的方法来测量它）
13.Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.（在过去发射了几颗通信卫星（comsat），它们都是高空（high-altitude）卫星）
14.Called “the mother of all networks,” the Internet is a widely used international network.（英特网被称为“所有网络之母”，它是使用极为广泛对国际网络）
15.This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the other vertical.（这个力可以分解（resolve）成两个分量（component），一个是水平的（horizontal）一个是垂直的（vertical）
II、画线部分使用“with”结构
1.Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.（让我
new type have been designing special kind Given/Knowing 们以原点（origin ）为圆心画一个半径为 R 的圆）
2. This parameter should be measured with E grounded.（这个参数应该在 E 接地
（ground ）的情况下加以测量）
3. With no resistance in the circuit, the current will increase indefinitely.（若电路中没有电阻，电流就会无限增大）
4. With this in view, we have written this book.（由于考虑到这一点，我们编写了这本书）
5. This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle. （本文介绍了一种新的设计方法，重点放在其原理上）
III 、画线部分使用动名词表示
1. Let us consider designing a computer.（让我们来考虑设计一台计算机）
2. We refer to these components as being passive.（ 我们把这些元件称为（ refer
to … as ）是无源的（passive ）
3. This involves taking the Fourier transform.（这涉及（involve ）到取傅氏变换）
4. On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations.
（对上面的方程整理（rearrange ）后，我们得到了以下一个方程组）
5. In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as 1.（在使用
这个式子时，把哪一个平面看成 1 是没有关系的）
IV 、改错
1. resistance and current, one/we can determine/calculate voltage.（已 知电阻和电流，就能计算出电压来）
2. The price of this instrument is high.（这台仪器的价格很昂贵）
3. A robot is a of electronic device.（机器人是一种特殊的电子设备）
4. The current starts flowing at 闭合电路的那一瞬间开始流动）
very moment we close the circuit.（电流就在我们 5. They a of computer these six months.（这六个月来 他们一直在设计一种新型的计算机）
练习 9
I 、画线部分用状语从句
1. The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.（直到引入（introduce ）了一种完全不同的概念，这个问题才得到了解决）
2. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was
confirmed by experiment/experimentally.（ 在过了将近 100 年之后才由实验证实了 （confirm ）亚原子微粒（subatomic particles ）的存在）
3. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.（在发明该设备的那年， 爆发了第二次世界大战）
4. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.（虽然（as ）原子很小， the
the fact
它们是由更小的微粒构成的）
5.These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor can operate normally.（这两个电阻（resistor）应该选择使得该晶体管（transistor）能正常工作）
6.The body is in such a state that it can do work.（该物体处于这样的状态（state）以至于它能做功）
II、画线部分用同位语从句
1.The relation that voltage is the product of current and resistance applies to all the dc circuits.（电压是电流和电阻之乘积（product）这一关系（relation）适用于一切直流电路（dc circuit）
2.The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.（磁（magnetism）能够产生电流这一发现在电学领域是极为重要的）
3.An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.（方程
式就是两个代数式（algebraic expression）相等的一种代数陈述（algebraic statement）
4.There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.（有证据表明，月球上没有生命存在）
5.The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.（现在出现了这么
个问题，该算法（algorithm）是否实用呢？）
6.In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.（在这种情况下，不能
保证该级数（series）是收敛的（convergent）
7.There is a growing/increasing awareness that these techniques/methods are very useful.（人们越来越认识到这些方法是很有用的）
8.One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time was the realization that light consists of electromagnetic waves.（当时最显著的（noteworthy）成就之一是人们认识到了光是由电磁波（electromagnetic wave）组成的）
9.
conductors.（这是由于在导体中存在许多自由电子引起的）
10.Besides/In addition to that the properties of the material should be included in the analytical model, we must take other factors into account.（除了材料的性质应该包括在分析模型之中外，我们还必须把其他因素考虑进去）
III、改错
1.These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systems to intercept,
analyze and jam this kind of signal.（这些特点使电子对抗系统难以截获、分析
和干扰这种信号）
2.The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devices possible.（这些现象的存在及对他们的控制能力使得制造那些器件成为了可能）
3.The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variation of/in its dimensions.（滤波器的齿数变化对
滤波器通带性能的影响比结构尺寸变化产生的影响大）
4.Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.（标量检测会失去部分相位信息）
5.Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.（图6 表示出了本征参数变化法测量散射参数的原理图）
练习10
I、画线部分用名词从句表示
1.现在有待于确定该级数何时收敛。Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.
2.从杜巴梅尔定理可清楚的看出，这个极限是存在的。It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.
3.有麦克斯韦假设得知，每当电场发生变化时就产生磁场。It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there is a change in an electric field, a magnetic field is produced.
4.在这种情况下磁铁是否被运动是没有关系的。It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.
5.温度决定了热传递朝哪个方向发生。Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.
6.一切物质均是由微粒构成的，这现在已是一个众所周知的事实了。It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.
II、画线部分用what 从句表示
1.发电机所做的是把机械能转化为电能。What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.
2.这一章所讲的内容非常重要。What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.
3.物质是能够占有空间的东西。Matter is what can occupy space.
4.在这个实验中我们所发现的是电现象这一崭新领域。What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electrical phenomenon.
5.这个方向与假设的方向相反。This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.
6.大小方向和作用点就是我们所说的一个力的三要素。Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of a force.
7.这些数构成了所谓的实数系。These numbers constitute what is known as the real
number system.
8.在下面，我们要熟悉一些基本概念。In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves
with some basic concepts.
III、改错
1.图7 表示了x 波段波导测试系统。 An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或：Fig. 7 shows …].
2.这种方法降低了对采用网络硬件的要求。This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.
3.根据上面对该多项式分解的分析，就得到了一种新颖的排列。On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novel configuration results. [或：The above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial results in a novel configuration.]
4.最后用计算机仿真对窗口损耗概率进行了分析。Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made by computer simulation.
5.导出的阻抗矩阵稀疏率高达 40%。The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.
练习11
I、画线部分用定语从句。
1.我们用来测量一个电阻上的电压的仪表被称作电压表。( The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called a voltmeter.)
2.计算机是人类所有过的最有效的助手.( Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.)
3.现在这种病不再是原来那样的严重的问题了.(Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.)
4.雷达可以测出无线电回波返回所需要的时间.(Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.)
5.我们必须计算出该物体被提起的距离.( We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.)
6.一个物体运动的方向也是很重要的.(The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.)
7.这个质点每秒钟振动的次数被叫做频率.(The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.)
8.我们使两个比值相等，由此得出了最简式.(We equate these two ratios, from which the simplest formula follows/results.)
9.需要确定y 分量降为零的时间.( It is necessary to determine the time when/that/at which the y-component has decreased to zero.)
10.其每一点的y 坐标都为零的曲线就是x 轴.(The curve the y-coordinate of each point on which is zero is just the x-axis.)
II、画线部分用以“介词+which”开头的定语从句
1.该圆切割实轴的点处于α= ω处.(The point at which the circle cuts the axis of reals is where α= ω.)
more higher the same 2. 重力意思是地球吸引物体的力.(The force of gravity means the force with which the earth attracts a body.)
3. 电子在其上面产生图像的显像管的表面成为荧光屏.（ The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.）
4. 作者要感谢本书所属的那套丛书的编辑们.( The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series of which this book is a part/to which this book belongs.)
5. 这事给定的两个矢量为其边的一个平行四边形.( This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides.)
6. 压强等于总的力除于所施压的面积.(The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.)
7. 组成水的两个元素是氢和氧 .(The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen.)
8. 这取决于产生电子的效率.(This depends on the efficiency with which electrons are produced.)
9. 这两的定律是建立其他所有定律的基础.( These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws are built.)
10. 水结冰的温度一般是 0o C.( The temperature at which water freezes is generally 0o C.) III 、画线部分用 as 从句表示
1. 如标题所示， 本章将讨论非线性方程.(As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations.)
2. 顾名思义， 流体就是一种可以流动的物质.(As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.)
3. 这单个力产生的效应与那几个力一起产生的效应相同.(This single force produces effect as is produced by those forces together.)
4. 现在我们能够理解像出现在物理中的这种方程了.(Now we are able to solve differential equations as occur in physics. )
5. 这个功能可以用像上一节中所描述的全加器来完成.( This function can be accomplished by using the full adder as was described in the previous section.)
6. 这些概念是我们能够理解静电学，即人们通常所说的静电中广泛的现象.( These conc epts enable us to understand a wide range of phenomena in electrostatics, or “static electricity,” as it is called.)
7. 这个电流，正如预测的那样，是特别小的.(This current is, as predicted, very small,)
8.首先让我们来考虑一下如第 2 页上所示的那个简单的电路.( First let us consider the simplest circuit as shown on page 2.)
IV 、画线部分用“than ”等从句表示
1. 这个值比我们预料的稍微高一点.(This is a slightly value than we predicted.)
2. 这个反应堆能产生比它消耗得多的燃料.(This reactor can produce fuel than it
such
The consumes. )
3. 让我们来考虑一下当力矩为零的情况.(Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.)
4. 我们必须确定当开关闭合时的电流和电压值.( We must determine the values of currents and voltages after the switch closes.)
5. 自从本书首次出版以来的十年间，金属加工业发生了很大的变化.(During the ten years since this book was first published, significant changes have taken place/have been seen in metal-making.)
V 、改错 1. 甚至在这种情况下，这些协议也能为数量有限的用户提供质量可接受的语音服务.(. Even in this case these protocols can provide a limited number of users quality of voice service.)
the acceptable 2. 本书介绍了 8098 微控制器与 386PC 机串行通信的方法.（This paper presents a an 8098 microcontroller to series-communicate with a 386 personal computer.）
3. 对均衡器参数对均衡性能的影响进行了详细分析（ The effect of equalizer parameters on equalization performance is analyzed in detail. [A detailed analysis is made of the effect of equalization parameters on equalization performance.]）
4. 图 1 中的接收机每个信道包括射频放大器、混频器、中频放大器、A/D 转换器等. （Each receiver channel in Fig. 1 contains an RF amplifier, a mixer, an IF amplifier, an A/D converter, etc.（注意：句尾的句号与缩略词“etc.”的黑点重合在一起了））
5. 异常程度越大，残留的失配就越大，曲线就上扬. larger the abnormal extent (is), larger is the residual mismatch, with the curve going up.
练习 12
I 、1. be grounded; 2. be carried; 3. be raised; 4. be; 5. not try; 6. be; be satisfied; 7. be; 8. be; was; have; 10. were concentrated; 11. had been; 12. were moving; 13. is going to rain; 14. be;
15. leak
II 、虚拟语气
1. 一旦出现不正常的情况， 立即关闭电源.(Should anything abnormal happen, switch/turn off the power supply at once/immediately.)
2. 如果当时不使用电子计算机，我们解这个题就要花费很长时间. (Had electronic computers not been used, it would have taken them a long time to solve this problem.)
3. 在原方程中检验一下所有的解是十分重要的. (It is very important that all solutions (should) be checked in the original equation.)
4. 人们建议这个设计应立即加以修改.(It is suggested that this design (should) be modified at once.)
5. 若没有半导体， 卫星通信就不可能了 .(Without semiconductors, satellite communications would be impossible.)
the with
does very 6. 我们本来也可以用定理导出这一结果.(We could also have used Theorem (6) to derive the result.)
7. 能量要守恒这一要求必须得到满足.(The requirement that energy (should) be conserved must be satisfied.)
8. 这里的每一样东西，不论是原件还是配件，都是国产的.( Everything here, be it a component or a device, is home-made.)
III 、强调句型
1. 是这位科学家在一个世纪前发现了这一现象.( It was this scientist who/that discovered this phenomenon a century ago.)
2. 钨就是用于电灯里的那种金属.(Tungsten is the metal used in electric lamps.)
3. 声波通过介质的速度的确取决于介质的性质 (The speed with which sound waves move through a medium depend on the properties of the medium.)
4. 尚不清楚到底在什么情况下才能使用这个公式.(It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this formula can be used.)
5. 这一性质我们称之为惯性.( This property we call inertia.)
IV 、改错
1. 作者现在从事于计算机视觉、图像处理和识别.(The author is engaged in the teaching and the research computer vision, and image processing and recognition.)
2. 设 P 和 Q 为同阶的两个布尔排列，那么他们的合成为一个新的布尔排列.( Let P and Q be two Boolean permutations of the same order, Boolean permutation.)
then their composition is a new 3. 我们给出了三种算法，这些算法能明显的减少提起画笔的时间，从而提高绘画的 速率.( Three algorithms are presented, pen, thus raising the drawing efficiency.)
can remarkably reduce the time to raise the 4. 本文所讲的内容对通讯工程师来说是很感兴趣的.What this paper describes is of great interest to communications engineers.
5. 本文介绍了用于估算多普勒调频率的最小熵方法，它与经典方法相比具有精度高、 计算量小的优点 .(The minimum entropy technique for estimating the Doppler frequency rate is presented, which has the advantages over the classical techniques of high accuracy and a small amount of computation.)
练习 13
I 、画线部分倒装.
1. 所谓电动势，指的是当没有电流流动时电池两端的电位差。(By electromagnetic force is meant the potential difference across the battery when there is no flow of current.)
2. 下表列出的是大家熟悉的计算机的各种参数.(In the table below/which follows are listed various parameters of familiar computers.)
3. 元素不能分解，也不能用化学方法加以拆散.（An element cannot be decomposed, of on and which
nor can it be broken up by chemical methods.）
4.只有当x=8 时，这个方程式才成立.(Only when x = 8, does this equation hold/apply).
5.特别重要的是以下两个概念.(Of particular importance/Especially important are the two concepts which follow.)
6.这样的集我们称之为数系.(Such a set we call the mathematical system.)
7.几乎没有人绝对精确的知道这个函数. (Rarely does one know this function with precision.)
8.电场和磁场之间的这种相互关系使得电磁铁和发动机成为了可能.(This interrelationship between electric and magnetic fields makes possible such things as the electromagnet and the electric motor.)
9.知道1818 年，光的绕射才得到了解释.(Not until 1818 was the diffraction of light interpreted/explained.)
10.在导线中，电子绝不会从正端流向负端.( By no means do electrons move from the positive terminal to the negative terminal in a wire.)
II、画线部分用省略句。
1.空气阻力的影响在15 章中讨论，而加速度随高度的增加而降低则在第17 章中讨论.(The effect of air resistance is discussed in Chapter 15, and the decrease in acceleration with altitude in Chapter 17.)
2.必须求出这个电容器上的电荷和电压.(It is necessary to determine the charge on and the voltage across this capacitor.)
3.在这种情况下，不需要标准，而仅仅需要一个数字习惯.( In this case, no standard is needed, but only a numerical convention.)
4.这个电压小于或等于0.4 伏.( This voltage is greater than or equal to 0.4 volt.)
5.阴极受热时能够发射电子.(The cathode, when heated, emits electrons.)
6.每个物体，不论受到加速与否，均被认为是平衡状态.( Every body, whether accelerated or not, is considered (to be) in equilibrium.)
7.如果需要，该导线将涂有某种绝缘物.(If necessary, the wire will be covered with some insulation.)
8.该晶体把他的材料排列成p-n-p 的，因而得到了pnp 晶体管这一名称.(The transistor has its materials arranged p-n-p, hence the name pnp transistor.)
III、画线部分用分割句型
1.（本文）对该设备的性能做了初步的分析.(An initial analysis is made of the performance of the device.)
2.磁场是在磁铁周围、有磁力线所占据的空间.(The magnetic field is the space around a magnet occupied by the magnetic lines of force.)
3.这就导致该模型的电池电压为500 毫伏.(This leads to the battery voltage in the model of 500 mV.)
4.这曲线图表示了电阻器的电阻随频率的变化情况.(This graph shows the variation with frequency of the resistance of the resistor.0
5.这造成了降落在大地上的一半以上的水返回到了大气层.(This is responsible for the direct return to the atmosphere of more than half the water that falls on the land.)
6.现在出现了这个问题，如何能确定这些未知数呢？(The question now arises how these unknowns can be determined.)
7.必须确定改变周围温度对该器件的影响.( It is necessary to determine the effect on the device of changing the ambient temperature.)
8.已经作出假设，在测试期间压力总是保持不变.(The assumption has been made that the pressure always remains constant during the test.)
IV、改错
1.模拟结果表明，所有这两种方案是很容易实现的.( The simulation results show that both the schemes are easy to implement.0
2.本文提出的模型和算法比传统的BP 算法在性能上有一定的优越性.(The model and algorithm proposed in this paper are to a certain degree/extent superior in performance to the conventional BP algorithm.)
3.本文提出了估算频率偏移的一种新方法，其精度高、计算量小.(A new technique for estimating the frequency deviation is proposed which gives a high accuracy and requires
a small amount of computation.)
4.利用超分辨率方法来提高在ISAR 成像中距离调整的精度.( Improvement of the accuracy of range alignment in ISAR imaging (by) using the super resolution technique)
the
realization of
5.对密码编译器中的DTMF 的研究及实现.（Research on and
DTMF in a Cipher Coder）
6.石英扰性加速度计抗恶环能力的分析.(Analysis of the ability of a quartz flexibility accelerometer to resist bad environment)
华科双学位英语new
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英语双学位（1班---16班）2009－2010学年度第二学期课表（周六上课） 第一次上课时间: 2010年3月6号（第一周周六）上课地点: 东九教学楼（上午8：30----11：40，下午2：00----5：10） 请同学们第一次上课时于7：50以前到达上课地点，以便有充足的时间购买教材；请仔细阅读课表下方的有关通知 注：第一次上课时间：2010年3月6号（第一周周六）； （2010年3月6号为第一周周六，2010年3月7号为第二周周日，3月13号为第二周周六，3月14号为第三周周日，以此类推。）上课周次：周六班（1---16班）：1---3周、5---12周、14---15周； 除按课表已安排的周次正常上课外，本学期节假日（如清明节、五·一节、端午节）均安排补课。
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大学英语作文模板
1. My view on…(就...问题，我的观点) Model 1 模板一 Para 1第一段 Different people have different views on... It is held/ believed/ thought/ recognized/ acknowledged that...But it is also held that ... 就 ...而言，不同的人有不同的观点（见仁见智）。大家都认为...但也有人认为... Those who hold the first opinion feel…In contrast/however/on the contrary, those who hold the second view believe/suggest/argue/believe/think that… 持第一个观点的人认为...相反地，持第二个观点的人认为 Para 2 第二段 As to me, I agree with the former/latter opinion. Admittedly… /后者 In my opinion, I am for From my standpoint / viewpoint, I am in favor of From my point of view, I am supportive of As far as I am concerned What’s more，… Moreover，… Furthermore，… ，… Para 3 结尾段 In a word, … In sum In brief In short It’s necessary to take a correct attitude to…. Only …, can we … In conclusion 对...持正确的态度是有必要的。只有...，我们才能... To sum up As is mentioned above, Taking all the above into consideration, Model 2 模板二 Para 1第一段 随着...到来/诞生，在我们生活/社会中...变得越来越... When asked about ..., different people will offer different opinions.
实用英语写作大纲
VII. 实用英语写作 一、课程基本情况 1．学分： 1 学时：16 （理论学时：16 实验学时：0 ）2．课程类别：限选课 3．适用专业：非英语专业本科 4．适用对象：非英语专业本科三年级学生（第五学期） 5．先修课程：大学英语 6．教材与参考书目： 教材：教师讲义 参考书：《新世纪实用英语写作》，张玉娟，陈春田，外语教学与研究出版社，2003 《英语应用文写作大全》，《英语应用文写作大全》编写组，社会科学出文献出 版社 《英语应用文写作》，杨晓钰，重庆大学出版社 《英语写作系列-英汉应用文手册》，傅似逸，北京大学出版社 《英语常用应用文写作》，韩铁椿、陈汉华，上海财经大学出版社 《实用英语写作教程》，李予军编著，国防工业出版社，2008年 《研究生英语写译教程》，杨若东、袁锡兴，中国人民大学出版社，2004 《英语论文写作》，石坚、帅培天，四川人民出版社，2005 《高级英语写作教程》，马红军、毛卓亮，中国对外翻译出版公司，2006 二、课程介绍 1．实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸动作和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具, 对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展,国际商务交往日益频繁，为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力,培养复合型人才,本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种商务情景的优秀范文资料库,帮助学生了解涉外英语中最常见的和最常用的各种信函的用途,使学生在学习各种信函的同时,不仅能够熟悉各种信函的英文表达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2．本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课，与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3．本课程的教学目的：旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构；了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法；熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。
大学英语写作课怎么上
大学英语写作课怎么上 要上好大学英语写作课除了积累经验以外还要吸取别人的授课方法。下面是给大家整理的大学英语写作课怎么上，供大家参阅! 大学英语写作课怎么上1 关键，备课环节 上好大学英语写作课，关键是备好课，俗话说“台上一分钟，台下十年功”，从中引申出来意思就是准备工作容不得半点马虎。备好课主要做到备课程、备学生、备方法。一要备好课程。我们知道，单列的写作课往往只有几节课，且安排在学期末;可以说，写作课是检验学生一学期的课程内容的标尺，包括学生的单词积累、逻辑思维和行文习惯。因此，在备课时，笔者目的明确，所教的写作内容决不允许局限于课本的例题，而要在各种文体(说明文、论说文和应用文)上加料，突出主题延伸;如笔者在备书信写作课时，就会把书信的各种类别找出来，并自己归纳其格式;;日期的写法+称呼+内容+结束语。二要备好学生。大学生写作水平参差不齐，层次有上中下，必须采取的策略是抓小放大促中间，达到教学的总体均衡;具体操作是备课内容重点放在学习层次较为一般的中下层学生，容易的题目占比增大，体现为从易到难、由有感性向理性逐渐过渡;同时积极参阅历年全国大学语言四六级考试真题，参考《大学英语实用写作课程》[1]等教辅，使得备课内容切合实际、内涵丰富，学生能既能“吃饱”，又容易消化。如我采编的写作常用过渡词(学生运用起来方便快捷)，(1)
对照/but、whereas、however ……(2)让步/nevertheless、although……(3) 原因/because 、since 、for ……(4)结果/so、thus、hence等等。三要备好方法。针对不同的写作课程内容，采用不同的教学方法备课：描写文和记叙文写作课程;;讲授法、探究法，论说文;;讲授法、练习法，应用文;;探究法、讨论法;并利用PowerPoint或Authorware软件将课程内容制作幻灯片，加插动画、视频、音频和解说手段，力求内容生动、直观、有趣，学生容易接受。 2 重心，施教环节 我们知道，教学目标的实现很大程度上依赖课间教学。为实现成果转化的最大性，笔者会在课堂上采用各种不同的教学法或多种教学法穿插进行。特别在讲授应用文写作时笔者多采用探究启发式教学法，因为应用文类别多、各有格式，导致学生很容易混淆。 谈大学英语写作教学中的几点体会一、大学英语写作教学的现状分析1、对英语写作重视程度欠缺 在大学英语教学中，仍然是教师占主导地位，在语言知识的输入与输出地关系上，大多数学校的学生仍然是被动的知识接受者，即所获取的语言知识大多是听力、阅读等输入型的言语信息，一旦接触到语言输出环节(说和写)，学生就会感觉到力不从心。 在教学环节中，从教师的角度来看，在听说课上，他们的主要精力用于对学生听的训练，而让学生说的机会甚少;在读写课上，由于课堂时间所限，教师将大部分时间用来传授基本的语法知识和词汇用
BEC初级至高级全套用书下载链接必备学习
美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资
大学英语作文全
作文范文 请以“How should parents help their children to be independent?”为题，按照以下要点写作： 1. 目前很多父母为子女包办一切 2. 其实父母应该。。。。。。 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to …… And most children …… According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% ……and more than 85% ….. However, kids cannot depend on their parents forever because …… Besides, being independent …… Therefore, parents need to realize the importance of helping their children to be independent. Parents should encourage their children to …… By doing so, parents …… In addition, parents should urge their kids to …… For example, …… 范文 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to make arrangements and decisions for their children. And most children take such excessive attention for granted and depend on their parents for almost everything. According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% still accompany their children to schools, even to examinations, and more than 85% do housework for their kids including cooking meals and washing clothes.
2015级高级英语写作教程进度表
周 次 学 时 分 配 内 容 课外阅读及 习题作业 备 注 讲 授 实 验 上 机 其 它 1 2 0 0 0 Diagnostic test (writing a narrative essay) and introduction Group SES 2 2 0 0 0 Discussing the Diagnostic test and “show more than tell ”(1) Oral discussion 3 2 0 0 0 Show more than tell ”(2) Oral discussion 4 2 0 0 0 Personal experience essay A Personal experience 5 2 0 0 0 Description and sensory details (1) Group discussion 6 2 0 0 0 Description and sensory details(2) Group discussion 7 2 0 0 0 Description and sensory details(3) Group discussion 8 2 0 0 0 Descriptive essay Describing a person 9 2 0 0 0 National holiday A holiday 10 2 Addressing the audience An opening speeching 教 学 进 度 2016-2017 学年 第 一 学期 外语 系 英语（本） 专业 2015 年级 1 、2 班 课程名称 高级英语写作教程 讲授教师 实验教师 总学时数 学 时 分 配 每周学时 讲 授 实 验 上机 其 它 32 32 2
大学英语写作课程语法unit1语法和练习答案
第一单元语法部分参考答案 PART III GRAMMAR Subject- Verb Agreement When the subject is compound Reference for the Classroom Activities Summary: 1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb. 2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not …but,the verb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject. 3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositional phrases such as well as, as much as, rather than, along with in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including. When the subject expresses quantity Reference for the Classroom Activities All the sentences are correct. Summary: 1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take a singular verb. 2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, alf, the last, the rest, take a singular or plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows. 3.Phrases lik e lots of, heaps of , loads of take singular or plural verbs depending on the form of the nouns that follow. 4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject nouns, the verb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning. When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Reference for the Classroom Activities
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案完整
练习1 II冠词 1.Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.（Emmet博士2001年毕业 于哈弗大学） 2.Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the Xi’an University of Technology in 1988.（李教授1998年在西安理工大学获得机械工 程博士学位） 3.Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.（现在我们转向（turn to）讨论一下局域网） 4.The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important an instrument as the optical spectrometer.（质谱仪是与光谱仪一样重要的仪器） 5.How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment?（做这个实验 需要多长时间？） 6.An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.（压力的增加总会引 起体积的减少） 7.Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).（图（2-5）画出了式（2-2）所表 示的情况） 8.The unit of inductance is the henry.（电感的单位是亨利） III、改错 1.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.（UASMA协议采用了 独特的帧结构） 2.Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.（最 后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器） 3.Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharing system（先应秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估） 4.The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potential barrier with an arbitrary profile.（该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒） 5.We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.（我们提出 了一种基于牛顿地带发的数值方法） 练习2 1. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.（该电路是由一个电池、一个电感器和一个电容器组成） 2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.（试计算在a、b、c三点处的电场。） 3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.（这颗卫星用于美国与英国、法国、意大利之间的通讯） 4. We assume that the antenna is vertical and that its loss is zero.（我们假设该天线是垂直的，并且其损耗为0）
大学英语作文高级词汇自编
要点:四级120-150六级150-180长短句交叉,不多次重复,高级词汇15个 被动句,插入语,定语从句,强调,名词从句,问句 句型 There is no denying the fact that......不可否认是It is undeniable that……毋庸置疑的是…… It is indisputable that......不可争辩是 when it comes to sth,the overwhelming majority of ......说到sth An increasi ng great number of……一个数目增加的…… It is,therefore,high time that same applicable approaches were implemented by……。Thus,its competetive edge will be sharpened effectively。适当方法被用，提高竞争力。 sth exert a tremendous fascination on sb某人对某物感兴趣 It is no exaggeration to sa y……说……是毫不夸张的 Recently the issue of the phenomenon of……has been brought into focus……问题已成为焦点 As the （classical）proverb goes,‘’……‘’正如谚语所说 With the rapid growth of……,随着……快速增长, 名词短语 fresh point/look新论点/看法 applicable/apposite/appropriate approaches恰当的方法an empty slogan一个空洞的口号 income/generation gap收入差距/代沟 a local point of view狭隘的看法 specialized knowledge and skills专业知识与技能sustainable/rapid development可持续/快速发展 Pandora's Box潘多拉的魔盒 international prestige国际地位 culture/economic globalization文化/经济全球化 vigor and vitality生机与活力 macro regulatory and control ability宏观调控能力Ivory Tower象牙塔 maintenance of ecological balance保护生态平衡 urban/affuent life城市/富足的生活 indispensable element不可或缺的要素 domin/experiential/rudimentary knowledge领域/经验/基础知识 merits and demerits优点和缺点 a two-edged sword双刃剑 动词短语 hatch and breed孕育与培养 seize the opportunities and rise to the challenges抓住机遇,迎接挑战 scrape up/reinfore one's knowledge积累/巩固知识 differentiate virtue from vice区分善恶 （be）despised and condemned被蔑视和谴责 take sth seriously严肃对待 pay a heavy price付出代价 be virtually impossible极不可能 focus attention on self-image注重自我形象 be proficient in精通于 reap the benefits of因/从……得到好处 be conducive to sth有助于 turn a bleed eye on无视 sharpen one' competitive edge提高某人竞争力 be inclined to do想要,倾向做 contribute directly to直接有助于 pray in aid of求助于 frown upon反对 ignite one's enthusiasm点燃热情 swarm into涌入 exert a positive/negative impact on对……有积极/消极影响discriminate against/（in favour of）歧视/偏爱 illustrate sth with sth用……解释……strengthen basic and public construction加强公共基础建设 google the Internet上网搜索 deliver emails发邮件 undertake correspondent obligation承担相应义务function in the disservice of对……有害 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses扬长避短 连词 Ironically讽刺地说 Unquestionably毋庸置疑 on most occasions大多情况下 Specifically speaking具体地说 Conspicuously显然 as a consequence of由于……（不好）Confronted with sth(问题)面临...... In my perspective在我看来 whereas/howbeit=however as an illustration作为例子 in that＝because principally最重要地 be the occasion of引起 futhermore/moreover/additionally另外,此外,而且 in consequence/consequently结果（不好）（be）in contradiction of与……矛盾 in the foreseeable future在可预见的将来 Albeit/notwithstanding虽然,即使
科技英语写作2
“Results and Discussion”的写作技巧：案例分析 例Clusters and Inverse Emulsions from Nanoparticle Surfactants in Organic Solvents[Langmuir 2015, 31, 1344?1352] 这篇文献主要介绍一种在非极性溶剂中自组装合成纳米粒子的方法。该方法在乙醇或含羧基基团溶剂中通过控制聚苯乙烯的长程排斥力和硫醇分子的短程吸引力。这一案例中Results和Discussion分开写的。 1 Results部分： 结果部分作者结合图形客观、生动的展现了实验结果。图示下方用简要的文字进行了图示说明。图中不同曲线用不同的颜色进行了标注，直观、明了。 1.1紫外吸收光谱： 介绍实验结果引用文献结论 1.2 0.31PS 20 kDa-loaded 粒子聚集后吸收峰随时间变化：
对于反应不了的结论也应指出，同时提出实验结果与下文表征结果相符。 1.3 800nm处吸光度值的比较； 1.4随时间增加，粒子尺寸的增加； 1.5胶束粒径的分布； 1.6裸粒子和不同胶束的流体动力学； 1.7三种不同粒子的TEM表征图； （作者均结合图像对表征图像内所反应内容客观的叙述。） 1.8不同粒子状态下的SAXS:
对于不常用的表征方法要解释使用的理由，并结合参考文献的内容来佐证。 2 Discussions部分: 讨论部分解释结果中的现象，合理分析原因。并将各图像之间所反映 的事实联系在一起。
相类似的实验现象已有文献报道，对结果结合参考文献进行进一步解释 指出研究结果在实际中可能的应用； 讨论中对于研究中的不足或不明确指出也要明确指出。
大学英语作文30篇
1. Earthquake A severe earthquake occurred all of a sudden at 10 a.m yesterday in a rurai erea , about 200 kilometers east of the city . Initial reports coming out of the region indicate the earthquake has coused widespread damage and heavy causualties .Many adolescents were among those injured or killed . Yet it remains obscure exactly how many people were hurt and killed as the entire area has been enveloped in rubble . However , one thing is certain : many of the survivors may face years of pain and suffering . Local people were clearly shaken by this remainder of their mortality . Some religious ones have gatheered to pray that it will never recar . 2. Human and Nature When talking about human and nature , first , I alwafs think the nature give our human veary much —— foods、water、sunshine、warmth or something . We have enough space , and we are enjoying the favor of the nature every now and then . But sometimes , nature is cruel to us , and our human is powerless . For example , earthquake、flood、drought、and so on . 3. Dreams As I was growing up , my dream was always changing . In my childhold , my dream bbecome a policeman in future , So that I could cath the thief and criminal . However , by jonior middle school , my dream was to a People’s Liberation Army man in future . This dream was not changed until I college and I konwn it was don’t prealize . At the university , I attended the national flag guard . We raise flag in morning and flay down at night every day .Where I was deeply in love with militry life . Tody , I have a new dream . I hope to find a good job after graduate or will creat my own career . Then I consider my marriage . In order to be able to find a good job after graduate , I’m going to learn professonal knoledge now . 4. Green Consumption The conception of green consumption has gradually become popular in China . More and more green foods make their appearance on the market and more people become conscious of environmental protection . However , there still exist quite a few difficulties in the further promotion of this gerrn consumption . On the one hand , many people are still not quite clear of the advantages of green foods . On the other one hand , driven by high profits , make fake green foods are found in the m arket . Moreover , many consumers don’t want to pay extra money for the green foods . There maybe several ways to solve these problems . Firstly , the government should supervise the good quality strictly to protect the conssumers’ benfit . Secondly , th e conception of green consumption should be futher promoted and emphasized . Thirdly , the government should work together with the manufacture to make the price more reasonable .
高级英语写作1-10课翻译
The Delicate Art of the Forest 库珀的创造天分并不怎么样；但是他似乎热衷于此并沾沾自喜。确实，他做了一些令人感到愉快的事情。在小小的道具箱内，他为笔下的森林猎人和土人准备了七八种诡计或圈套，这些人以此诱骗对方。利用这些幼稚的技巧达到了预期的效果，没有什么更让他高兴得了。其中一个就是他最喜欢的，就是让一个穿着鹿皮靴的人踩着穿着鹿皮靴敌人的脚印，借以隐藏了自己行踪。这么做使库珀磨烂不知多少桶鹿皮靴。他常用的另一个道具是断树枝。他认为断树枝效果最好，因此不遗余力地使用。在他的小说中，如果哪章中没有人踩到断树枝惊着两百码外的印第安人和白人，那么这一节则非常平静/那就谢天谢地了。每次库珀笔下的人物陷入危险，每分钟绝对安静的价格是4美元/一分静一分金，这个人肯定会踩到断树枝。尽管附近有上百种东西可以踩，但这都不足以使库珀称心。他会让这个人找一根干树枝；如果找不到，就去借一根。事实上，《皮袜子故事系列丛书》应该叫做《断树枝故事集》。 很遗憾，我没有足够的篇幅，写上几十个例子，看看奈迪·班波和其他库伯专家们是怎样运用他的森林中的高招。大概我们可以试着斗胆举它两三个例子。库伯曾经航过海—当过海军军官。但是他却一本正经/煞有介事地告诉我们，一条被风刮向海岸遇险的船，被船长驶向一个有离岸暗流的地点而得救。因为暗流顶着风，把船冲了回来。看看这森林术，这行船术，或者叫别的什么术，很高明吧？库珀在炮兵部队里待过几年，他应该注意到炮弹落到地上时，要么爆炸，要么弹起来，跳起百英尺，再弹再跳，直到跳不动了滚几下。现在某个地方他让几个女性—他总是这么称呼女的—在一个迷雾重重的夜晚，迷失在平原附近一片树林边上—目的是让班波有机会向读者展示他在森林中的本事。这些迷路的人正在寻找一个城堡。他们听到一声炮响，接着一发炮弹就滚进树林，停在他们脚下。对女性，这毫无价值。但对可敬的班波就完全不同了。我想，如果班波要是不马上冲出来，跟着弹痕，穿过浓雾，跨过平原，找到要塞，我就再也不知道什么是“和平”了。是不是非常聪明？如果库伯不是对自然规律一无所知，他就是故意隐瞒事实。比方说，他的精明的印地安专家之一，名叫芝稼哥（我想，该读作芝加哥）的，跟踪一个人，在穿过树林的时候，脚印就找不到了。很明显，脚印是再也没法找到了。无论你还是我，都猜不出，怎么会找到它。对芝加哥可完
大学英语写作课程unit3语法和练习答案
PART III GRAMMARp -ing and -ed forms of verbs Reference for the Classroom Activities 1）That woman who is laughing is my mother. 2）Finally they found the treasure that had been hidden. 3）This is the place that is most frequently reported in the press. 4）The boy who was enchanted stared at the screen, mouth wide open. Now, ask students to summarize the use of the -ing and -ed forms as modifiers Summary 1.The –ing form of a verb is used when the action described by the verb continues to happen or when the relationship between the modified and the verb is active. 2.The –ed form of a verb is used when the action is completed at the time another action occurs or when the relationship between the modified and the verb is passive. Nouns Reference for the Classroom Activities 1）.development of career educators 2）. readjustment of the flight timetable 3）. money problems of high-school art education 4）. country for family vacation 5）. the study of the growth of childhood personality Now, ask students to summarize the rules of using nouns as modifiers. Summary Nouns can be put ahead of another noun as its modifiers in English; but too many nouns clustered can cause ambiguity and misunderstanding. Very often the maximum of nouns as modifiers is two, though sometimes this number may be exceeded. So the guiding principle for noun modifiers is that they shouldn pose too much difficulty to the reader’s comprehension.