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自考英语二课文译文习题 Unit 14

自考英语二课文译文习题 Unit 14
自考英语二课文译文习题 Unit 14

14-A. The Teacher's Last Shocking lesson

A女教师撼人心魄的最后一课

A remarkable woman reasons with her killer -- and tapes it

一位非凡女性向要杀她的凶手讲道理,并录了音

She used the miniature tape recorder for a graduate-school course she was taking. The device, though, would do much more than capture a lecture. It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein's shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.

她使用了微型录音机,那是她用来录她正在听的研究生院开的一门课的。不过这个设备起的作用要比录下一堂课的内容大得多。它是在凯思琳?温斯坦的衬衣口袋中发现的一个微型盒式录音带,而它不仅引导警方抓获了杀害她的凶手,而且显示出了这位新泽西州教师是位具有非凡勇气和同情心的妇女。

Weinstein, 45, was on her way to an exam at Toms River High School South on March 14 when she got out of her gold 1995 Toyota Camry to buy a sandwich at the busy Toms River Shopping Center. That's where her path crossed that of Michael LaSane, who, police say, wanted just such a car to celebrate his 17th birthday. Grabbing Weinstein by the jaw, the attacker told her he had a gun and forced her into the Camry. The car was then driven to Manitou Park, about two miles from the shopping center. It was there, police believe, that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. According to Ocean County prosecutor Daniel Carluccio, the taped conversation between Weinstein and LaSane took place as they removed personal items -- bags, notebooks, her six-year-old son's belongings, from the car. "It wasn't hysterical,” Carluccio says of the 24-minute tape. "It wasn't the kind of thing you would expect of someone who is facing a life-threatening situation. Mrs. Weinstein bravely and persistently used every skill and power she had to convince her attacker to simply take her car and not her life.”

温斯坦,45岁。在3月14日前往市南汤姆斯河中学的考试途中,一下了她的金色的“1995丰田佳美”汽车.就到繁忙的“汤姆斯间购物中心”去买一个三明治。麦克尔?拉森正好经过此地,警方说,拉森只想要这样的一辆车来庆祝自己17岁的生日。这个攻击者抓住温斯州的下巴,对她说他有一支枪,并强迫她坐进了她的佳美车里。然后这辆车开到了距购物中心10 英里远的曼尼托公园。警察认为,就是在这个公园里,温斯坦打开了她手

提包中的录音机。据海洋县检查官丹尼尔?卡鲁齐奥说,所录的温斯坦和拉森的谈话是在他们两人从车里往外拿温斯坦的随身物品的过程中,那些物品有袋子、笔记本和她六岁儿子的东西。“谈话时她没有大喊大叫,”卡鲁齐奥谈起这24分钟的录音带时说,“不像你们想象的一个人面对生命受到威胁的情况时的反应。温斯坦夫人很勇敢她一直在用她所有的技巧和力量来说服地的攻击者:只要她的车,别要她的命。”

The excerpts of the talk released by the prosecutor show why Weinstein was a beloved figure at Thorne Micidle School in Middletown, where she was a special-education teacher. "You haven't done anything yet,” she tells her attacker. "All you have to do is let me go and take my car. For my life, don't you think I should be concerned and let you take my car? For my life! Do you reall y want to have that on your head?” At another point, the teacher tries to get him to open up. "Why don't you just tell me? Of course, it's important. It's determining your whole life and the direction you're taking." Weinstein also talks about her son Daniel and her plans to take in a foster child with her husband Paul. "I want to give something to somebody, to give something back,” she says.

检查官公布的谈话节录揭示了作为米道镇桑恩中学的特殊教育的教师温斯坦夫人受人爱戴的原因。“你还没有干出什么事来,”她对袭击者说,“你现在要做的事情就是放了我,开走我的车。为了我的生命安全,我还在乎你弄走我的车吗?我想活命!你真想背上杀我的罪名吗?”后来,这位教师试图和他开诚布公地谈一谈:“为什么你不告诉我呢?这显然是很重要的。它将决定你的一生和你要走的道路。”温斯坦也谈到了她的儿子丹尼尔和她夫妇俩要收养一个孩子的计划。“我想施惠于人,以期得到回报。”她说。

Her powers of persuasion were to no avail. Weinstein's body, with hands and feet bound, was discovered by a hiker on March 17. She had been smothered with her coat. But before she died she somehow slipped the microcassette into her pocket without her killer knowing it. Because Weinstein had asked LaSane about himself and his family, police quickly had their suspect, the son of a local official. "Our impression was that she was very aware she was leaving something behind,” says Carluccio. He will not comment on LaSane's side of the conversation except to say, "When you hear the tape, it will raise profound questions about what is happening in our world with juveniles and our society. 1t goes beyond materialism."

她的说服没有起作用。温斯坦的尸体3月17日被一徒步旅行者发现,手脚都被捆着。她是被人用她的外衣闷死的。但在被杀之前,她把微型盒式磁带悄悄放进她的口袋中,而凶手没有觉察到。因为温斯坦已经问过拉森本人及其家庭情况,警方很快找到了嫌疑犯——一位当地官员的儿子。“我们的印象是她很清楚她要留下一些东西,”卡鲁齐奥说。他不愿评论拉森的谈话,只是说,“当你听这盒磁带时,它会对我们这个世界里青少年身上和社会中所发生的事情提出深刻的问题。这不仅是物质至上的问题。”

Weinstein also helped leave behind a new program at Thorne Middle School in which students were encouraged to do nice things for others. Every morning Weinstein would announce various good deeds over the p.a. system and she solicited prizes from local merchants and restaurants. Given her fate, the name of the program has a heartbreaking resonance to it: Random Acts of Kindness.

温斯坦生前曾经参与发起桑恩中学的一项新活动,鼓励学生们为别人做好事。每大早上温斯坦都通过校内广播网宣传一些好人好事,她请求当地的商人和酒店设立奖项。一想到她的死.再想想这项“处处做好事”的活动,真让人肝肠寸断。

14-B. The Seeds of Wrath

B愤怒的种子

The world knows a great deal about apartheid. It knows it as a repressive political system which denies political representation to 14,000,000 South Africans because they are not white; it knows it as a divisive social system which keeps people apart, dividing them on colour lines and punishing those who try to cross these lines. But the effects of apartheid in terms of social behaviour and on cultural development are less well known.

全世界对于种族隔离法了解得很多,人们知道它是压迫人的政治体制。这种体制剥夺了一千四百万南非人的政治权利,就因为他们不是白人。人们还知道它是制造分裂的社会制度,这种制度把人们分隔开。按肤色的不同把人们分开,并惩罚那些胆敢越雷池一步的人。但在社会行为方面种族隔离所造成的影响和它对文化发展的的影响,人们还不大了解。

To understand the effects of apartheid it is necessary to think of the daily lives of the people and the ways in which their lives are regulated by apartheid.

要了解种族隔离制度的影响,我们有必要认真思考一下种族隔离制度对人们的日常生活和这种生活受种族隔离制约的方方面面。

It means standing for hours in a bus-queue, because there are too few buses specially set aside for black people; it means having to pass theatres and swimming pools with no thought of' ever entering them,, because they are set aside for white people, and because the restrictions extend to the thoughts people think, and because the laws apply to both black and white, it means that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because (he government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society.

隔离意味着要站几个小时的队等公共汽车,因为留给黑人乘坐的公共汽车的座位太少了;隔离意味着在经过剧院和游泳地时,连进去的想法都不能有,因为它们是专门为白人服务的;因为这些限制深入到了人们的头脑之中,又因为法律不仅适用于黑人,也同样还

适用于白人,因此.隔离意味着南非所有的人都被剥夺了阅读某些书籍的权利,因为政府相信这些书籍会颠覆种族隔离制度的社会。

Apartheid means that sportsmen like Basil D'Oliviera, Steve Makone, and Precious Mackenzie could never represent their own country because they were not white; that singers a and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences -- a coloured cast could perform Verdi's “La Traviata” but no non-whites could attend a performance before the State President.

种族隔离制度还意味着象贝兹尔?戴里维尔拉、史蒂夫?麦肯齐这些运动员永远不能代表他们自己的国家,因为他们不是白人;象本里亚姆?马齐巴、莱昂内尔?恩卡纳一样的歌手和演员将会因为他们的肤色而只能在某些地方和某些观众面前出现——一个有色人剧组可以上演威尔弟的“茶花女”,但若国家总统没有看过,其他非白人就不得观看。

The list of restrictions is endless -- these are only a few small examples. But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. At sports events, if white and black are present, they support opposing sides and the result is friction -- so much so that in many grounds only whites are allowed.

这些限制数也数不清、以上仅仅是几个例子也是这就足以构成滋生敌意的分界线。在体育项目上,如果黑人和白人都在场,他们分别支持对立方,结果就产生摩擦,摩擦的结果是只有白人才能走上运动场。

It is illegal for white and black to play chess together. And whites whv tried to play football in a team with black members were prosecuted.

白人和黑人在一起下棋是非法的试图在一个球队和黑人队员一起踢足球的白人会受到迫害。

And in a society where these ugly barriers exist, it is better to pretend that they are not there. The result is that the writers and poets of white South Africa are incapable of producing any work which truthfully reflects their society; and so deep has this kind of blindness entered that no work of any real worth has been produced in South Africa for many years.

在一个存在这些可恶的障碍的社会里,假装障碍不存在会好一些。其结果是,南非的白人作家和诗人不能创作出任何真实反映他们社会的作品;这种视而不见态度的影响是很深的,因此南非多年来没有创作出一部有真正价值的作品。

Perhaps one might expect the writers among the blacks, in a situation full of tension and pain, to produce works which live. But for them apartheid presents another problem; to be frank is to be banned. And so writers like Alex la Guma were silenced by banning orders, or others, like Alfred Hutchinson and Bloke Modisane fled the country. Fear Nat Nakasa the pledge he was required to sign -- to leave his country and never return proved too much; he committed suicide in

New York.

或许,人们会期望生活在充满紧张和痛苦的环境中的黑人作家创作出流芳百世的作品,但种族隔离则给他出了另一道难题;坦率即遭禁止。所以,象亚力克斯。拉顾玛这样的作家被禁令封上了嘴,别的作家,象阿尔弗肯德?哈齐逊和布娄克破对森则流亡到了国外。对纳特?纳卡萨来说,要他立誓离开祖国,永不得回返太让他受不了;他在纽约自杀身亡。

Even white writers -- Andre Brink, for instance -- who have dared to criticise, or appear to criticise, the apartheid society have suffered. I heir works have' been banned, or they have been savagely attacked by the official spokesmen of apartheid.

甚至胆敢批判,或者好象在批判使社会饱受痛苦的种族隔离制度的白人作家(安德烈?布林克即是一例),也遭到了迫害。他们要么作品被查禁,要么本人受到种族隔离制度的官方发言人的无礼攻击。

The failure of writers to write, or of people to understand each other -- all these are indications of the deeper evil; the failure of communication. But what is little understood by the outside world is that this is a failure legislated for. It is a failure which has been carefully designed.

作家不能写作,人民不能们互理解,这些都是深层次的恶的表现;这种恶就是交流无能,但是外界的人不大能理解的是,这种无能是通过立法规定的,是经过精心策划的无能。

It is the intention of those who have constructed the apartheid society, and who intend that it should last forever, that those who make up the society should be prevented from communicating with each other. Black and white must be cut off from each other, must be unable to communicate. It is on this division that apartheid rests This is the true meaning of apartheid. And it is this that inflicts the terrible wound on South African society.

社会的成员间若被禁止互相交流,这就是创建种族隔离社会,而有些人妄图其长存于世。黑人和白人必须互相隔离,决不能互相交流。种族隔离正是建立在这种分隔之上。这是种族隔离的真正意义。这正是南非社会遭受真正可怕创伤的原因。

But the real damage is in daily human relations. I have seen white children standing in one of the mixed buses rather than sit beside anyone who was not white and this seems to me so complete a rejection of another human person that it goes much further than the division and separation backed by law. From this kind of rejection comes a complete lack of any feeling of common humanity; the suffering of a human being ceases to be real because he has ceased to be a real human being.

但真正受伤害的是人们的日常关系。在一辆黑人和白人共用的公共汽车上,我看到一些白人小孩宁愿站着也不愿坐在非白人的旁边。在我看来这似乎是对另一个种族人的弃

绝,比起依据法律才成立的分离和隔绝来,它走的更远。这种弃绝造成了共同的人类的感情的彻底丧失;一个人遭受的痛苦不再是真实的,因为他已不是一个真正的人。

This is the situation which has been created in South Africa today. The tensions are real, the threat of a violent eruption constant. And this must not be thought of simply as the product of political factors or arguments. It is a simple truth that human relations between people have deteriorated so far that dialogue, understanding, friendship -- all these are impossible.

这就是当今南非的情景。关系紧张是真真切切的,爆发暴力的威胁时刻存在。这一切决不能被简单地视作政治因素或政治争论的产物。人与人之间的关系极其恶化,对话.理解、友谊——所有这些都是不可能的。这是众所周知的事实。

This is the effect of apartheid in terms of the society -- this is its all pervasive extent: it breeds, if it breeds anything, hostility: often the result is simply the bitter sterility which will bring about violence.

这就是种族隔离从社会角度看所造成的影响——这种影响是无所不在的;如果说它还能滋生出什么东西的话;它会滋生仇视:其结果常常只不过是痛苦的无奈,而这种无奈会带来暴力。

1、word study

capture,foster,avail,suspect,convince

capture

vt.1、捕获;2、夺得,占领

Captured by the enemy, the soldiers were in danger of being shot.

战士们被敌人俘虏后处于被枪毙的危险。

It’s easier to capture the castle from within.

堡垒更容易从内部攻破。

n.1、捕获,夺得;2、捕获物

He lay perfectly still and played dead to escape capture by the enemy.

他一动不动地躺在地上装死,以逃避被敌人俘获。

The first capture of the day was a fox.

那天第一件猎物是一只狐狸。

foster

vt.1、鼓励,促进;2、养育,抚养;3、报(希望等)

a.收养的

Some American films foster feelings of hatred between nations.

有些美国电影散播国家之间的仇恨情绪。

We fostered the boy while his mother was in hospital.

这男孩的母亲住院时,由我们抚养他。

The operation fostered hope in the patient.

手术使病人又产生了希望。

avail

vt./vi.有利,有助

to awail oneself of 意思是“利用”

The medicine didn’t avail against the disease.

这药对这种病没有产生疗效。

Talk will avail little without work.

光说不做没什么用处。

All our effort availed us little.

我们徒劳无功。

He quickly availed himself of the opportunity to win over supporters.

他迅速利用那次机会来争取支持者。

n.好处,用处。

We protested but to (或of) no avail.

我们提出了抗议,但没有效果。

suspect

vt.疑有;推测

suspect后面可接宾语从句,直接宾语,宾语后的行为用动词不定式或of介词短语表示。He suspected a scheme against his life.

他怀疑有人要谋害他的性命。

The security department suspected him of giving information to a foreign company.

安全部门怀疑他向一家外国公司提供情报。

He was suspected to have got lung cancer.

他被怀疑得了肺癌。

Scientists suspect that the seismic instrument failed to monitor the shift of rock layers.

科学家们怀疑地震仪没能监视岩石层的移动。

There is reason to suspect that the death occurred between 6.30 and 7 o’clock last night.

n.嫌疑犯,可疑分子

Two suspects are now in prison in connection with the killing.

与杀人案有关的两个嫌疑犯已被关进监狱。

convince

vt.1、使确信,使信服;2、使认识错误(或罪行)

宾语后面可接动词不定式或of介词短语。

I can easily convince you of his ignorance.(=I can easily convince you that he is ignorant.)

我可以很容易地使你相信他的无知。

He was convinced to withdraw from running for the presidency.

他被说服退出总统竞选。

He was firmly convinced that risk accompanies decisions.

他坚信做决定总要冒风险。

2、常考句型

1、正是在凯瑟琳温斯顿衬衣口袋里发现的这盘微型卡式录音带使得警察找到了杀害她的凶手嫌疑人,也正是它展现了新泽西州的这位老师具有非凡的勇气和同情心。P1

It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein’s shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion. 本句是个强调句,另外注意found 的用法。

2、据警察推测,温斯顿正是在这里才得以打开放在她包里的录音机。P2

It was there, police believe, that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.

本句是强调句。

3、3月17日一名徒步旅行者发现了温斯顿的尸体,她的手脚被捆绑着。P4

Weinstein’s body, with hands and feet bound, was discovered by a hiker in March.

4、但在她死前,她没让歹徒知道,偷偷把微型录音机放进了自己的衣袋里。P4

But before she died she somehow slipped the microcassette into her pocket without her killer knowing it.

3、习题

一、词汇英译汉:

1.device

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/655136125.html,passion

3.grab

4.belonging

5.threatening

6.convince

7. foster

8. persuasion

9. avail10. suspect

11.profound . to convince sb. to do sth. . to comment on

二、句子英译汉:

1.~4.与常考句型相同。

5.Her powers of persuasion were to no avail.

6.He will not comment on LaSane's side of the conversation

三、汉译英:

1.她的劝说以失败而告终。

Her persuasions were to no avail. (end in a failure)

2.我们每人都应为他人做点事,付出点东西。

We all should do something for somebody, to give something back.

Each of us should do something for others, offer something to others .

3.这个年轻人的故事值得我们深思。

The story of the young man is worth thinking about.

4.女教师超人的勇气与同情心鼓舞许多学生为他人做好事。

The extraordinary courage and compassion of woman teacher encouraged many students to do good deeds for others...

5.一位具有非凡勇气的女教师与要杀她的凶手辩论。

The extraordinary courage woman teacher reasoned with her killer.

4、历年试题

1. It was there , the police believe,____she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.

A. until

B. which

C. that

D. when

答案:C 。考点:本题主要考查强调句。

2. Her body, with hands and feet____(bind) , was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.

答案:bound 。考点:本题主要考查with + 名词+ 过去分词为独立结构做状语。

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit7

Unit 7 Inner Voice I. New words and expressions New words 1. inner adj. 内心的;隐藏的 2. precisely adv. 准确地;恰好地 precise precision 联想:accurate, accuracy 比较:simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily 3. bombard v. 大肆抨击;连珠炮似地质问;提供过多信息, 4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的;可怕的 5. small talk n. 寒喧;闲谈;聊天 6. hesitation n. 犹豫 hesitate hesitant hesitancy / hesitation 7. wonder v. 想知道;想弄明白;琢磨n. 奇迹 wonder wh-… do / work wonders / miracles

精选文库 8. prompt v. 促使;导致;激起 9. complete adj. (用以强调)完全的,彻底的 10. upset adj. 难过的;不高兴的;沮丧的 11. roll v. (使)翻滚,滚动 12. despite prep. 即使;尽管 despite / in spite of that fact that … 13. feeble adj. 无效的;无力的 14. attempt n./ v. 企图;试图;尝试 attempted 15. wipe v.(用布、手等)擦干净,抹掉 16. profusely adv. 大量地;连连地 17. address v. 写(收信人)姓名地址;致函 18. receptionist n. 接待员 19. attach v. 把…固定,把…附(在…上) attach …to… attached 依恋的;附加的;附属的 attachment 依恋;附件 20. emotion n. 强烈的感情;情感;情绪 emotional emotionless 21. contain v. 控制,克制,抑制(感情) 22. apparently adv. 据…所知;看来;显然

山东自考英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy (n.有文化,有教养,有读写能力)in Australia,就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样,there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China,中国也掀起一股外语热,with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中,英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools,colleges and universities,but also at evening classes,on radio and TV.不仅各级学校教英语,夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children;父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教,adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日,到公园参加英语角,与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难,需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer,if I am asked to offer,is undoubtedly,yes.如果我被问及这个问题,那么毫无疑问,我的答案是:是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看,I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation,its grammatical rules,its words,etc.英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等,It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it.它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解,the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation,sentence structure and the words he uses.即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误,一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it.讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example.以学英语的中国人为例," Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people."你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?",which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese."你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语,若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?",他们会因此感到不悦,这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not.当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token,同样,"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语),会觉得中国人非常好客,会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile,the Chinese would be shocked to hear,"Oh,it's very nice of you.When?",if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食,又碰巧没有吃饭,他会回答"太好了,什么时候?",中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner.Why can't we say pig,bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork,beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions.中国的英语学习者可能会这样问:"我们可以说吃鸡,为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊,而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners.对学习英语的中国人来说,为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history.问题在于如果不懂英国历史,死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken.所以说,学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak

2016自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3说课讲解

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. (关于某主题的)思考,回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚;忠实;忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认;意识到 4. betray v. 辜负;对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实;实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德;正直的品性;德行 7. trend n. 趋势;趋向;倾向;动态;动向 8. befriend v. 做(尤指需要帮助者的)朋友;友善相待 9. request v. (礼貌或正式地)请求,要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的;赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多;大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的;共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析:mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语;术语:措辞 14. site n. 网站;站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词

16. perish v. 丧失;湮灭;毁灭 17. thought n. 想法;看法;主意;记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力;考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的;类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康;安乐;康乐 25. welfare n. (个体或群体的)幸福,安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质;实质;精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名;坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提;假定; 30. exploit v. 利用(…为自己谋利) 31. reconnect v. 再联系;再联络 32. virtual adj. (通过计算机软件,如在因特网上)模拟的,虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信;向…保证

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit9

Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛;栏架,跨栏;难关,障碍 2. negative n. 否定词;否定;拒绝 adj. 坏的;有害的 3. despair v. 绝望;失去希望;丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的:琐碎的;次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的;供一个人用的 6. lane n. (比赛的)跑道,泳道 7. spot n. 地点;场所;处所 8. symbolize v. 象征;是…的象征;代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀:modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地;极其 credible 可靠的,可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的;正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的;艰难的;棘手的 12. arise v. 发生;产生;出现 arise from sth. 区分:arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的;一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事;小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行;站队;排队(等侯) 2. end up最终成为;最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire

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Unit 11 Cyber World A Famous Quote The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. - Bill Gates Bill Gates (1955- ), American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former chief executive officer (CEO) and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. Text A Cyber Love Pre-reading Questions: 1. Have you ever made a friend on the Internet? How did you develop your friendship? 2. What suggestions can you give if one hopes to make friends on the Internet? Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they’ve talked and sent letters to each other with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling head over heels in love. It was then that they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world. It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and M artijin have been living together happily ever since. They’ve created a home page to let the world know how they’ve found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who’ve met under similar circumstances. Throughout history men and women have used a variety of means to find each other. Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to others it is a natural way for the 90’s to meet potential mates. Romances formed on the Internet follow a characteristic script. The development of emotional intimacy is a long progress, sometimes taking several months. “Love at first byte” is rare although there are examples. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open, an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyberspace carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verse and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). Could any heart with romantic inclinations resist? When you reach

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit11CyberWorld I.Newwordsandexpressions Newwords 1.chatlinen.(消遣性的)热线电话交谈服务 2.variety?n.(同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样 varyvaryfrom…to… 比较:range/shiftfrom…to… various 3.romance?n.恋爱;爱情 romantic https://www.sodocs.net/doc/655136125.html,arreadj.极其怪诞的;异乎寻常的 5.potentialadj.潜在的;可能的 6.scriptn.剧本;广播(或讲话等)稿 7.intimacy?n.亲密;关系密切 intimate 8.initialadj.最初的;开始的 9.perceivev.将…视为;认为 10.avalanchen.雪崩;山崩 11.literary?adj.文学的;文学上的 literature literal literary literate liberal

12.versen.诗;韵文 13.animatedadj.栩栩如生的;(似)能活动的 14.inclination?n.倾向;意愿 incline inclined 15.sweatyadj.满是汗的;汗津津的 16.palmn.手掌;手心 17.varyv.相异;不同 18.conveyv.表达,传递(思想、感情等) 19.polishv.修改;润饰;润色 20.intellectn.(尤稻高等的)智力,思维逻辑领悟力 21.personalityn.性格;个性;人格 22.sequencen.顺序;次序 23.reversev.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反 24.veil?v.掩饰;掩盖 unveil揭露,揭开 25.intellectualadj.智力的;脑力的;理智的 26.familiarity?n.熟悉;通晓 familiar familiarize 27.appearance?n.外貌;外表 28.intensity?n.强烈;紧张;剧烈 intense 29.stirringn.(感情、想法或发展的)开始,出现,萌发

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2

Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.(使)洒出,泼出,溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应;响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. (媒体)采访,访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生;出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开;去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握;紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的;滑得抓不住(或站不稳、难以行走) 10. content n. 所容纳之物;所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的;名副其实的;不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊;大喊;吼叫 13. lecture n.(冗长的)教训,训斥,谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏;杂乱;不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有;很少;不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼;小水坑 17. eventually 最后;终于 18. restore v. 使复原;使复位;使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分:effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的;微小的 22. discover v. 了解到;认识到;查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧;抓牢 24. lip n.(容器或凹陷地方的)边,边沿

[整理版]自考英语二上册课文翻译

Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,A,,,,,,,,,,怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 “学习一门语言很容易,即使小孩也能做得到。” 大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。对他们来说,学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。他们需要数百小时的学习与练习,即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。 语言学习不同于其他学习。许多人很聪明,在自己的领域很成功,但他们发现很难学好一门语言。相反,一些人学习语言很成功,但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。 语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议:“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”,“每天练习说这种语言”,“与说这种语言的人住在一起”,“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”,“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”,“放松地去学习语言。” 然而,成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢,,,,,语言学习研究表明,成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。 首先,成功的语言学习者独立学习。他们不依赖书本和老师,而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。他们不是等待老师来解释,而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论,从而做出正确的猜测。如果猜错,他们就再猜一遍。他们都努力从错误中学习。 成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。因此,成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。他们找到(说)这种语言的人进行练习,出错时请这些人纠正。他们不失时机地进行交流,不怕重复所听到的话,也不怕说出离奇的话,他们不在乎出错,并乐于反复尝试。当交流困难时,他们可以接受不确切或不完整的。对他们来说,更重要的是学习用这种语言思考,而不是知道每个词的意思。 最后,成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易,因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。 你是什么样的语言学习者,,,,,如果你是一位成功的语言学习者,那么你大概一直在独立地,主动地,目的明确地学习。另一方面,如果你的语言学习一直不太成功,你不妨试试上面提到的一些技巧。 Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,B,,,,,,,,,,语,,,,,言 当我们想告诉别人我们想什么时,我们不但可以借助于词语,还可以用其他表达方法。比如,当我们想说“是”时,我们有时会上下点头,而当我们想说“不”,,,,,时,我们会左右摇头。那些既听不见也不会说话的人(也就是聋哑人)借助于手势相互交谈。那些彼些不懂对方语言的人也用这种方式交谈。下面这个故事就说明了人们有时是怎样借助于手势进行交谈的。

2012新版自考英语二教材翻译00015

第1课Text A 批判性地阅读 批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么,还包括质疑和评价作者的话,并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。 考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的,或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况,你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。 质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前,首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外,注意作者是否参考了权威著作。 与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性,对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。 分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提,基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明,这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设,你必须判断这一假设是否合理。 鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如,如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就,那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌,那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后,如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形,那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如,如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状,那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。 甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说,要对文章内容“半信半疑”。 成为一名批判性阅读者,你的思路会不断拓宽,观点会更加合理。 第1课Text B 自信的语言 语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量,这一点至关重要。 再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子,分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦,乐意听从你给它的任何命令,而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。’ “尽力” 这是一个简单的词,却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”,你

山东自考(00015)英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia,there has been foreign languages fervor in China,with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools,colleges and universities,but also at evening classes,on radio and TV.Parents hire private tutors for their school children;adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer,if I am asked to offer,is undoubtedly,yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样,中国也掀起一股外语热,在这股热潮中,英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语,夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教,成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日,到公园参加英语角,与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难,需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题,那么毫无疑问,我的答案是:是的。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation,its grammatical rules,its words,etc.It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it.Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation,sentence structure and the words he uses. 从我个人的经验来看,英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等,它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解,即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误,一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it.Take the Chinese English learners for example." Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people.It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?",which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese.Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not.It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token,"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile,the Chinese would be shocked to hear,"Oh,it's very nice of you.When?",if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet. 讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。以学英语的中国人为例,"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语,若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?",他们会因此感到不悦,这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。同样,英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语),会觉得中国人非常好客,会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食,又碰巧没有吃饭,他会回答"太好了,什么时候?",中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner.Why can't we say pig,bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork,beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions.Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners.But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history.Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken.A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history.Consequently, the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few. 中国的英语学习者可能会这样问:"我 们可以说吃鸡,为什么不能说吃猪、 吃牛、吃羊,而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、 羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说,为 这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易 事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史,死 记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说, 学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习 使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英 语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英 语国家的西方人要困难得多,因为汉 字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之 处,并且中国和西方世界在近代史上 很少接触。所以,在中国,英语背景 知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者,也使 许多人丧失信心。 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English.Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she",for the two words sound the same,though,different in written forms in Chinese.As a result, some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes.But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins.The confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values,to a certain extent, affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he/she reads and hears.Only by developing an understanding and tolerance(忍受)of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers. 英语学习中,东西方的价值观念是相 互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语 中"他""她"的用法,因为这两个字尽管 字形不同,读音却相同,他们因此常 常抱怨。结果有些英语母语的人得出 结论,认为中国人不区分两种性别。 但是在涉及表亲的时候,英语母语的 人更是混淆性别。东西方价值观的冲 突造成的语言上的混淆,在一定程度 上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读 或所听到的内容的理解.学习英语的中 国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的 理解和宽容,才能达到与英语母语者 交流的目标。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of Eng1ish unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(not all,of course!)in learning English.Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write.This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech, the amount of information conveyed, and,above all,the quality of communication. 学习英语的中国人,只有在学习英语 的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌 握英语。(当然不可能是克服全部文化 障碍!) 很多中国人说话或写作的时 候,将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英 语,这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、 传达的信息量,最重要的是,影响交 流的质量。 The above is,not wholly,how difficult English is.Some native speakers might have said,"You foreigners don't use good English! " at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying."Why should l?"1 would protest,though.Still,I have to keep asking myself:Is it possible for a foreigner to command English? 尽管不完全,以上就是学习英语的困 难。英语母语者被外国人误解的时候 可能会说:"你们外国人不懂地道的英 语!" 我要反驳:"我们为什么要懂?"我还要 问:一个外国人可能精通英语吗? Text B Learning a Language 学 语言 Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this.Linguists are working on this problem in two ways.First,they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language. 大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地 学好一门语言,大部分语言学家和语 言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。语言学 家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面, 他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母 语、理解母语的。另一方面致力于研 究人是如何学习第二语言的。 Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak.Some linguists think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage.This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that, along with many other things,they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language,and a little help from their parents,they are able to learn to speak.Another group of linguists does not think this is correct. 语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话 的。一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有 学习和使用语言的能力。这并不是指 一个人的母语是与生俱来的;而是指 一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力, 这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的 能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的 语言有一定接触,在父母的些许帮助 下就能够学会说话。另外一派语言学 家则对此持有异议。 This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a 1anguage from their parents.They believe that parents teach their children to produce sounds and words in their language.When children know some words,their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences.These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way that adults are taught a second language.Instead, parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of 1anguage. These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment . In this case,the environment is their family and their home. As you see,the first group of linguists disagrees. 持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟 着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父 母首先教孩子发声、吐字。当孩子掌 握一定词汇以后,父母就开始教他们 如何组织句子。但是他们认为,父母 教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第 二语言的方法。相反,父母是通过与 孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教 孩子说话的。这一派语言学家认为, 儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言 的。这种情况下,语言环境是家庭和 生活环境。可以看出,第一派语言学 家对此并不赞同。 There are some other theories about how children learn a language.Many people are studying the process of language learning by children.This work is being done in many countries.Linguists are not the only people who are interested in this process.Many psychologists,doctors, and parents are also interested.People who teach foreign languages are interested, too. 关于儿童如何学习语言还有一些其他 理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研 究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学 家,许多心理学家、医生和父母都对 儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。外语教 师也对这一过程很感兴趣。 Foreign language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their native language for a very important reason.If they knew how children learn their native language,perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults, as well as children, a second language.This is a very interesting idea.Some foreign language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language . These teachers try to make their students' learning similar to that of children.These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom.They will not talk to students in the native language.They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible.They do not teach them any rules for using the language.Most parents don't teach their children rules for language usage,either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly.Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students,this method is successful.They learn to speak quickly and easily.They seem to enjoy using the language,and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say.Some students, however,cannot learn a language this way.Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language. 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴 趣,有其很重要的原因。他们如果知 道儿童如何学习母语,就可能找到一 种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第 二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。 有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语 言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相 同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习 语言的过程组织教学:课堂上只讲外 语,不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽 可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式, 不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师 采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母 在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言 使用规则,而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话 是正确的。对一些学生来说,这种方 法是成功的,他们能够轻而易举地、 很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很 喜欢去用所学的语言,并不很在意是 否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些 学生则不适合这种方法,语言学家着 手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 A second method,the rule-learning method,sometimes works better with these students.Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one's native language.They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly.These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn.Then they give them many sentences in the language to say over and over again.The students are encouraged to make up new sentences, using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know. 另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适 合这部分学生。一些语言学家认为学 习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通 过记忆来学习语言使用规则,必须练 习使用这种语言,练习正确地使用这 些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的 语法规则,再给学生一些例句让他们 反复练习,同时鼓励学生使用所学过 的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。 Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method.They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language and can speak the language and understand it,too.For many students, this is the best way to learn a foreign language.For some students, both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class, hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and "pick up" the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it.These people are rare. 一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效 果非常好,他们学得很快,用得也好。 他们掌握了语言使用规则,能够使用 所学的语言,也能够理解别人的话。 对一些学生来说,这是学外语最好的 方法。对另外一些学生来说,两种方 法都行之有效。有时候,老师在课堂 上将两种方法结合起来用,目的是让 每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国 外通过倾听,与人交流等手段自然而 然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟 是少数人。 Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily.Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language.Perhaps language 1earning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language. 大多数人还是通过课堂或者其他方式 来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同 的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一 门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力 于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言 的。也许在解决了这个问题之后,语 言学习会变得容易一些。 Unit 2 Text A Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States.I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about. 我是土生土长的香港人。六年来一直 生活在美国,是一家大百货商店的女 售货员。目前我正经历人生中一段痛 苦,自己也很难讲述。 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit.It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States.I was eager to see my parents, my brothers and sisters,and my friends. 几个月前,我回香港探亲,这也是我 到美国后第一次回家探亲。我期待着 见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 I really got a shock when I arrived.Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago.Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it.My elementary school was gone.The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings. 到达时,我确实大吃一惊。香港已经 不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 这儿发生了巨大的变化,一些地方都 认不出来了。我读书的那所小学已经 不复存在。曾经住过的那条街上的房 子已被拆掉,代之而起的是办公大楼。 The shock from the physical changes in the city,however,was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents’ home.My family greeted me warmly when I arrived.While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor,the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States.I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after,but then I began to feel that something was wrong.I noticed that my family, especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking.They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me,and I became uncomfortable and confused as to(至于)why they were behaving that way. 但是,我到了父母亲家里不久,就发 现了一些令我想不通的问题,情感上 也受到了挫伤。与之相比,香港外观 上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。我 的家人热情地迎接我回家。我母亲忙 着备饭为我接风,家里其余的人迫不 及待地问我在美国的生活。那天和之 后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我 就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。我 注意到,在我讲话的时候,我的家人, 尤其是我母亲,会以一种奇怪的目光 看我。渐渐地,大家对我疏远起来, 不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到 不舒服,弄不明白他们为什么这样对 待我。 I decided to talk to my mother.She asked me,“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?”I asked her what she meant.She said.“You’ve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home.You talk when you should remain silent.You speak on matters that are of concern only to men.You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires.That’s not the way of a Chinese woman.We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves.” 我决定和母亲谈一谈。她问我:“你忘 了中国的规矩了吗?”我问她指的是什 么。她回答说:“你忘了中国家庭里女 人的地位了。应该保持沉默的时候, 你却在讲话。你就那些只与男人有关 的事情发表见解。你直言不讳你的内 心感受和愿望,这不是中国女人的做 法。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” As my mother spoke,I realized what had happened to me.American including American women,are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings.Also American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject.They don’t take a silent back seat during a discussion.I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six years,,I had gradually adopted some of their ways. 听着母亲这样讲,我意识到了是怎么 回事。美国人,包括美国女性,都非 常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美 国男女一样,对任何问题都自由地发 表见解。在讨论中,她们不会做一个 沉默的旁观者。我想,过去六年和美 国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的一 些做法。 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman.But it didn’t work.My family remained distant from me.They could no longer accept me fully as one of them.I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider,a stranger in my own country. 接下来的几天,我尽力作一名中国女 性,可是没用。家人和我疏远。他们 无法完全把我当作自己人。身在家乡 却被视为外人,这使我更加不自在, 感觉受到了深深的伤害。 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States.But coming back here didn’t lessen the confusion and pain.In fact,I feel more confused than before.I now feel homeless.I don’t feel like an American.Americans haven’t accepted me.The women I work with at the store are polite enough,but they don’t try to get close to me or let me get close to them.During the morning coffee break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping.On Fridays they talk about the disco place they’re going to that night.My accent,my name,and 1

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