搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 自考英语二上册课文翻译及答案

自考英语二上册课文翻译及答案

自考英语二上册课文翻译及答案
自考英语二上册课文翻译及答案

Unit 1

第一部分 Text A

【课文译文】

怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者

“学习一门语言很容易,即使小孩也能做得到。”

大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。对他们来说,学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。他们需要数百小时的学习与练习,即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。

语言学习不同于其他学习。许多人很聪明,在自己的领域很成功,但他们发现很难学好一门语言。相反,一些人学习语言很成功,但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。

语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议:“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”,“每天练习说这种语言”,“与说这种语言的人住在一起”,“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”,“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”,“放松地去学习语言。”

然而,成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢?语言学习研究表明,成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。

首先,成功的语言学习者独立学习。他们不依赖书本和老师,而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。他们不是等待老师来解释,而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论,从而做出正确的猜测。如果猜错,他们就再猜一遍。他们都努力从错误中学习。

成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。因此,成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。他们找到(说)这种语言的人进行练习,出错时请这些人纠正。他们不失时机地进行交流,不怕重复所听到的话,也不怕说出离奇的话,他们不在乎出错,并乐于反复尝试。当交流困难时,他们可以接受不确切或不完整的信息。对他们来说,更重要的是学习用这种语言思考,而不是知道每个词的意思。

最后,成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易,因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。

你是什么样的语言学习者?如果你是一位成功的语言学习者,那么你大概一直在独立地、主动地、目的明确地学习。另一方面,如果你的语言学习一直不太成功,你不妨试试上面提到的一些技巧。

【课文难点注释】

1.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.(Para 3)

许多人很聪明,在自己的领域很成功,但他们发现很难学好一门语言。

在本句中,代词it用作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to succeed in language learning。在英语中,为了句子的平衡,经常出现用it作形式主语或形式宾语的现象,这时真正的主语或宾语通常是后面的不定式结构,-ing分词结构或that分句。这一现象在本课课文中反复出现,须引起注意。

2.Learn as a child would learn;…(Para 4)

要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言。

在本句中,as 用作连词,意思为“像…一样”,引导方式状语从句。like在作“像…一样”讲时是介词,后接名词或代词作介宾,构成介词短语,起方式状语的作用。

试比较:We should work and study as he did.我们应该像他一样工作和学习。

The robot cannot work like men.机器人不可能像人一样工作。

【课文练习答案】

I.阅读理解:

1.d(根据课文最后一段 If you are a successful language learner,you have probably been learning independently,actively and purposefully.)

2.a(根据课文第6段 They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.) 3.C

4.d(第7段的最后一句话是对本段主题句 Successful language learning is active learning 的进一步解释说明)

5.b

Ⅱ.找出下列词或短语的同义词:

1.task

2.intelligent

3.clue

4.conclusion

5.repeat

6.repeat

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,municate

8.purpose 9.probably 10.outline

Ⅲ.选择最佳词项完成下列句子:

Instead of(他作文中的错误不是少,而是多。)

1.therefore(下雨了,因此取消了比赛。)

2.more…than(他们认为自己很自豪,只是因为他们比我挣钱多。)

3.Even(甚至连孩子也能读懂那本书。)

4.First of all(首先,你必须真诚。)

5.because(我是新来的,所以他不相信我。)

6.on the other hand(一方面,他很节省钱;另一方面他浪费时间。)

7.finally(你最后作出的决定是什么?)

8.looking for(学生们在寻找夏天做的工作。)

9.Conversely(你没有打扰我,相反,我发现你说的很有趣。)

Ⅳ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.

2.Language learning is active learning.Learners should look for every chance to use the language.

3.Language learning should be active,independent and purposeful.

4.Learning a language is different from learning mathematics.

5.The teacher often offers us successful experience in language learning.

【词汇练习答案】

I.用所给词的正确形式填空,并注意词性:

1.a.success b.successful c.successfully

2.a.independence b.depend c.dependent

3.a.covered b.uncover c.discovered

4.a.purposeful b.purposefully d.purpose

Ⅱ.用下列词的正确形式填空:

1.inexact (从这本书里可以找到许多翻译不确切的例子。)

2.techniques (他在学习绘画技巧。)

3.outlined (铁路桥由很亮的电灯勾画出了轮廓。)

4.communicate (我们可以通过电话和世界大多数地区的人们交流。)

5.regularly (他每天下午定时去拜访她。)

6.clues (找到能帮助警察抓小偷的线索了吗?)

7.intelligent (他有能力作出明智的决定,这使我们都很吃惊。)

8.incomplete (老师让学生完成不完整的句子。)

9.similar (这两架飞机相似但不相同。)

10.statement (总统明天要发表一项声明。)

Ⅲ.给下列单词加前缀构成反义词:

1.agree-disagree

2.dependent-independent

3.complete-incomplete

4.exact-inexact

5.cover-discover 或 uncover

Ⅳ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.They find it hard to master a foreign language.

2.The research shows that successful people (或 those who succeed)are similar in many ways.

3.Successful language learners do not just depend on books or teachers.

4.We are willing to help our friends.

We should learn new things independently, actively and purpose fully.

第二部分 Text B

【课文译文】

语言

当我们想告诉别人我们想什么时,我们不但可以借助于词语,还可以用其他表达方法。比如,当我们想说“是”时,我们有时会上下点头,而当我们想说“不”时,我们会左右摇头。那些既听不见也不会说话的人(也就是聋哑人)借助于手势相互交谈。那些彼些不懂对方语言的人也用这种方式交谈。下面这个故事就说明了人们有时是怎样借助于手势进行交谈的。

一个不会说意大利语的人曾到意大利去旅行。一天,他走进一家饭店,在桌边坐下。侍者过来时,这个英国人张开嘴,将手指放进嘴中,然后拿出来,并上下翕动嘴唇。他用这种方法说:“给我拿点吃的东西。”侍者很快给他端来一杯茶。英国人摇摇头,侍者明白他不想要茶,于是将茶端走,又端来咖啡。英国人一脸不高兴的样子,他这时一点也不渴,只是非常饿,每次侍者给他端来喝的他都摇头。侍者给他端来了葡萄酒,接着又拿来了啤酒、汽水。当然这些都不是食物。他正要离开这家饭店时,另外一位旅行者进来了。这位旅行者看见侍者,就把手放在胃部。这就足够了,几分钟后他面前的桌子上就放了一大盘通心粉和肉。

由此可见,原始的手势语并不总能很明白地表达意义,而词汇语言就准确多了。

词由声音组成,但许多声音有意义却不是词。例如,我们会说“sh-sh-sh”来表示“请安静”。当婴儿笑时,我们知道他们很快乐;当他们哭时,我们知道他们病了或只是想要什么东西。

动物也是一样。狗发出“G-r-r”的声音或猫发出“F-f-f”的声音时,我们知道他们在发怒。

但这些声音不是语言。语言包括词,我们将这些词组成句子。但动物不需要这样做。狗在表示“生气了”时会发出“G-r-r”的声音,但它不会先说“I”,再说“am”然后再说“angry”。鹦鹉能像人那样说话,能重复整个句子并知道句子的意思。我们可以说鹦鹉能模仿人类的语言,但不能说它真会说话,因为它不能用它所知道的词组成新的句子。只有人才有能力做到这一点。

【课文练习答案】

I.根据课文判断下列句子的正确与否:

1.True

2.False(第1段…we sometimes move over heads up and down when we want to say“yes”and move over heads from side to side when we want to say“no”,说明 shake、not 错误。)

3.True

4.False (第2段The Englishman,who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty…) 5.True

6.False (课文最后一段 But these sounds are not language. these sounds指第4段中的baby's laugh and cry 及第5段中的 animal sounds.)

7.False (课文最后一段…a dog can say“G-r-r”when he means” I'm angry”,but he can't say

first“I”and then“am”and then“angry”.)

9.8.False (第 4 段We may say“Sh-sh-sh”when we mean“ keep silent”。从第5段中我们知道“G-r-r”、“F-f-f”是狗和猫发出的声音。)

10.True

11.False (最后一段 We can say that a parrot ta lks,but can not say that it really speaks…) Ⅱ.根据课文填入所缺内容:

1.With the help of their fingers

2.Bring me something to drink

3.tea,coffee,wine,beer,sodar-water

4.put his hands on his stomach

5.nothing but drinks

6.much more exact

7.meanings,put together into sentences

8.form new sentences

9.Talk

form new sentences out of the words he knows

【词汇练习答案】

Ⅰ.从右栏中找出左栏单词的相应定义:1.b 2.a 3.c 4.e 5.d

Ⅱ.选出最佳答案完成句子:

1.B (他不但是老师,还是朋友。)

2. A (聋哑人借助于手指相互交谈。)

3.B (音乐不同于语言。来自不同国家的人都可以理解音乐。)

4.D (一个意大利人走进饭店,在桌子旁边坐下。)

5.A (上下点头一般意味着“是”。)

6.A (他就要放弃了,这时又有一个机会。)

7.C (今天我们有足够的人来完成这项工作。)

8.C (他的话明白、确切,每个人都知道下一步该怎么做。)

9.C (语言由词构成,我们将词组合到一起就构成句子。)

10.B (训练有素的鹦鹉能像人一样说话。)

【语法练习答案】

Ⅰ.说出下列单词的词性:

whether连词 towards介词 second数词 hour名词 repeat动词 successful形容词 not副词

probably副词 than连词 because连词 which连词/代词 even副词 intelligent形容词 differ动词regular形容词 some形容词/代词/副词 into介词 oh感叹词 seem动词 communicate动词

Ⅱ.说出下列句子中划底线的词的词性:

1.let动词 round介词

2.fresh形容词 for介词

3.leave名词 call动词 on介词 if连词 spare动词

4.Even副词 it代词

5.Where连词 will名词

6.after介词 calm名词

7.seem动词 those代词 makes名词

8.without介词 return名词

9.strict形容词 work动词

10.news名词 live形容词 meeting名词

Ⅲ.用底线划出下列句子的谓语动词,指出句子的主语。(注:粗体字表示主语,单底线为谓语动词)

1.Most adults would disagree with this statement.

2.How much time did they allow you for doing the work?

3.I had a visit from Mary yesterday.

4.China's stand on this question is clear to all.

5.Warm clothes protect against the cold of winter.

6.What we need is more practice.

7.There doesn't seem to be much chance of my getting the job.

8.In those years the cost of living rose by nearly 4 percent.

9.There are a number of people interested in the case.

10.Every means has been tried but without much result.

Ⅳ.说出下面句子划线部分的句子成份:

1.a magazine 宾语last night 时间状语

2.in need 定语in deed 方式状语

3.outside your area 定语telephoning long distance 宾语

4.your children 宾语all day 时间状语

5.his direction 介词宾语French 宾语

6.me 间接宾语plenty of exercises 不定式的宾语

7.long 宾语 to London 地点状语

8.those 宾语 help themselves 定语从句的谓语

9.her 宾语 above others 宾语补足语

10.to build a hotel in the village 定语 of the foreigners 定语

第三部分词汇、短语

【词汇与短语】

1.guarantee vt.give a promise 保证,担保

[用法]guarantee为及物动词,后接名词或动词不定式作宾语,也可接that引导的宾语从句。

[例句]Many stores guarantee satisfaction to customers. 许多商店保证使顾客满意。

I'm not guaranteeing that this will work. 我不保证这一定行得通。

[短语]guarantee against/from 保证…免受损失或伤害

2.succeed vi.成功,获得成功

[短语]succeed in doing 在…(方面)获得成功

succeed with 在…上获得成功

[例句]Method of treatment that succeeds with one person may not succeed with another.

在一个人身上见效的治疗方法未必在另一个人身上见效。

3.purpose n. 目的,意图

[派生词]purposeful a. 有目的的,有意图的

purposefully ad.有目的地

purposeless a. 漫无目的的,无意义的

purposely ad.特意地,故意地

[短语]on purpose 特意地,故意地,有意地

serve no purpose 无用,不适用

to good purpose 有益地,有成效地

to little purpose 几乎徒劳的,少有成效地

to the purpose 与本题有关地,合适地

4.regularly ad. 整齐地,经常地,定期地

[相关词]regular a. 有规律的;经常的;整齐的;正规的

regularity n. 规则性,规律性

regularize vt.使有规则,使有规律

[例句]There are regular flights from Shanghai to Beijing. 有上海到北京的定期航班。

The seasons come and go with regularity. 季节是按规律变化的。

He has regularized his studies. 他已使自己的研究系统化了。

5.bring v.拿来,带来

[辨析]bring v. 从别处把某人或物“带来”、“拿来”。

take v. 把东西“带走”、“拿走”,与bring的方向相反。

fetch v. 到别处去把某人带来或把某物取来,与get大致同义。

carry v. 表示“随身携带”,不说明固定方向。

[例句]He brought a friend with him. 他带来了一位朋友。

Take this letter to the post office. 把这封信拿到邮局去。

I’ll go and fetch(get) you a c up of tea. 我去给你端杯茶。

Let me carry this bag for you. 让我给你拿着这个袋子。

6.depend on

1)依靠,依赖,依…而定[同义]count on,rely on

2)信赖,相信[同义]trust in

[例句]A man's success depends chiefly on himself. 一个人的成功主要靠自己。

Yor can depend on the accuracy of the report. 你可以相信报告的准确性。

7.consist of 由…组成

[同义]be composed of,be made up of,include

[例句]A university consists of teachers ,administrators and students

大学里有教师,管理人员和学生。

[考点]consist of 没有被动语态。

[辨析]consist in 在于,存在于 consist with 一致,符合

[例句]She thinks that true happiness consists in devoting herself to her work.

她认为真正的幸福在于投身于工作。

The report consists with facts. 这篇报道符合事实。

8.not only…but also 不但…而且

[例句]He speaks not only English but also French. 他不但会说英语,而且会说法语。

I not only heard it,but (also) saw it. 我不但听到了,而且也看见了。

[考点]1)not only…后和but a lso…后需接平行结构,即语法作用完全相同的结构。

2)not only…but also…连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词单复数的确定要根

据距离它最近的主语来定。最近的主语是单数,谓语动词也用单数,最近的主语是复

数,谓语动词也用复数,即是“毗邻一致”的原则。

9.neither…nor… 既不…也不…

[考点]1)neither…nor… 须接平行结构。

2)neither…nor… 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词单复数的确定采用毗邻

一致的原则。

Unit 2

第一部分Text A

【课文译文】

税、税、还是税

美国人常说,人的一生有两件事可以肯定会发生:死亡和税收。美国人并不垄断死亡市场,但许多人却感到美国以最重的赋税领先于世界。

税指人们为支持政府而缴纳的资金。在美国通常有三级政府:联邦政府,州政府及市政府,因此就存在三种税。

收入超过几千元的工薪人士必须向联邦政府缴纳一定比率的税金。这一比率因人而异,取决于各人的工资数。联邦政府实行累进收入所得税制,也就是说,税率(14%~70%)随个人收入的增加而增加,由于高额税收,人们在4月15日很不愉快,因为这一天是缴纳税款的日子。

第二种税是缴纳给州政府的,这些州包括纽约,加利福尼亚,北达科他以及其他47个州中的任何一个。一些州的收入所得税的收取办法同联邦政府的相似,当然其税率要低一些。一些州设有销售税,即对你在该州所购买的任何商品所收的一定比率的税金。比如,某人想买一包25美分的烟。如果该州收取8%的销售税,那么买这包烟要花27美分,这一钱数就包括销售税。一些州利用收入所得税外加销售税的办法来提高税收,各州的税收法规五花八门,令人费解。

第三种税是向市政府缴纳的。这种税有两种:一种是财产税(拥有房屋的人都必须交税),另一种是本国消费税,即对城市汽车所征收的税金。城市将这些资金用于教育、警察和消防部门、公共设施及市政建设。

由于美国人须付高额税金,所以他们经常感到每周有一天纯粹是在为缴税而工作。人们总是在抱怨税收太高。他们常常抗议政府滥用他们的税金。他们说政府将太多的钱花在无用且不符合实际的项目上了。尽管美国人在很多问题上有不同的看法,但他们在一个话题上的意见总是一致的:税收太高。

【课文难点注释】

1.The federal government has a graduated income tax,that is,the percentage of the tax increases as a person's income increases.(Para 3)

联邦政府实行累进收入所得税制,也就是说,税率随个人收入的增加而增加。

that is 用作插入语,意思是“那就是说”、“即”、“换句话说”(in other words)。 that is 后的成分通常是对前面成分的解释或进一步说明,在阅读中利用这一知识可以提高对难词、难句的理解。例如:

Arabic is written in the opposite direction to English,that is,from right to left.

阿拉伯文的书写方向与英文相反,即从右到左。

2.Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government.(Para 4)

一些州收取所得税的办法与联邦政府的相似。

形容词的比较级只能用于同类比较,所以在本句中用代词that代替前面出现过的income tax,以避免重复。

[考点]在使用形容词比较级时,为达到同类比较,在同一个句中就会重复出现某个名词。为避免重复,通常用that、those或one来代替前面已出现的名词。that一般指物,可代替单数可数名词或不可数名词;those用来代替复数名词,即可指人,也可指物;one即可指物也可指人,只代替可数名词,复数用ones。

例如:The weather this year is better than that of last yeat.今年的天气比去年的好。

The boys in your class are more active than those in ours.

你们班的男孩子比我们班的更活泼。

I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. 我希望它跟你借给我的那个一样好。

【课文练习答案】

Ⅰ.阅读理解:

1.a(第1段中have a corner on意思为“垄断”)

2.c(第4段 The second tax is for the state government:New York ,California,Northern Dakota,or any of the other forty-seven states.说明美国州(政府)的数量)

3.a(第2段中There are generally three levels of government in the United States…federal,state and city…说明美国由三级政府组成。)

4.a(第4段中Some states have an income tax similar to that of the government…Other states have a sales tax…说明各州税收体制的不同)

5.c

Ⅱ.根据课文完成定义:

1.a certain percentage of the salaries paid to governments

2.the percentage of the tax(14%-70%)increases as a person's in come increases

3.people who own a home have to pay taxes on it

4.the tax charged on cars in a city

5.a percentage charged to any item which one buys in that state

Ⅲ.选出适当的词或短语完成句子:

1.due(这张汇票明天到期。)

2。depends on(我们的计划取决于天气的好坏。)

3.diverse(我和姐姐在怎样抚养孩子方面看法不一致。)

4.consists of(我们的宴会只有3道菜。)

5.similar(他的观点和我的相似。)

6.tends to(如果你打扰詹妮,她就会生气。)

7.complaining about(玛丽总在报怨,她为什么不能高兴点?)

8.In addition to(不但税费减少,而且对税收的控制也撤销了。)

9.issue(税收是议会选举中的主要问题。)

10.agreed on (我今天遇见了新任经理,发现我们在基本原则上是一致的。)

Ⅳ.从课文中找出适当的动词重新组句:

1.How much do you charge for a haircut?

2.We're trying to use the funds for the Red Cross.

3.He has earned a good reputation for honesty.

4.We pay taxes in exchange for government services.

5.An open letter protested to government's foreign policy.

V.将下列句子译成英语:

1.It is every citizen's duty to pay taxes.

2.Americans often say there are two things they can be sure of in life.

3.There are three levels of government in the United States;therefore,there are three types of

taxes.

4.Some states charge an income tax in addition to a sales tax.

5.Americans complain that taxes are too high and the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way.

【词汇练习答案】

I.用所给词的正确形式完成句子,并注意词性:

1.a.percent b.percentage c.percent

2.a.adds b.addition c.additional

3.a.confused b.confusing c.confusion

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,plained https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,plain https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,plaint

Ⅱ.有下列词的正确形式填空:

1.charge(商店里这样一双鞋要收多少钱?)

2.department(你的意思是说你喜欢政府部门的工作?)

3.due(今天我要去图书馆还到期的这本书。)

4.diverse(约翰和他的哥哥兴趣不一样。)

5.earns(他工作努力,挣了很多钱。)

6.vary(计算机的价格差别很大。)

7.property(他将所有的财产都留给了他惟一的儿子。)

8.leading(他在比赛中领先。)

9.fund(学校体育基金的一部分将用于建筑游泳池。)

10.tends(他的讲话往往很长。)

Ⅲ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.China leads the world with its silk products.

2.In addition to an income tax,some states charge a sales tax.

3.The sales tax varies with the prices of the items you buy.

4.People are always complaining about the rise in price.

5.Mother said that he spent too much time on TV each day.

第二部分 Text B

【课文译文】

广告

作广告只是整个促销活动的一部分,但正是这一部分最引人注目。这极为自然,因为广告就是为这一目的而设计的。在报纸上、杂志上、邮件上以及收音机和电视机里,我们经常会听到或看到数百条有关不同产品和不同服务的信息。一般说来,我们会被说服去购买这些不同的产品和服务——食品和饮料,汽车和电视机,家具和服装,旅游和休闲活动等。

最简单的广告是分类广告。每天报纸上都登有几页这类广告;在周日扩大版上会有几部分这类广告。一条分类广告通常只有几行。这实际上不过是一则通知或通告,说明可以买到什么东西。

报纸上还刊有大量展示广告,其中大部分是为商店或各种形式的娱乐活动所作的广告。报纸通常所及的只是一个有限地区的读者,因此,许多想刊登广告的人都用国家级杂志将信息带给更多的读者。许多现代广告技术在杂志广告中得以发展。使用鲜艳的颜色、吸引人的画面以及简短的语言信息构成了杂志广告的特色,其最主要的目的就是引人注目。信息本身一般较短,通常只不过一句简短的话,公众将这句话与该产品联系起来。

这些技术已被用于电视广告,用色彩和画面再加上声音和音乐来吸引观众的听觉和视觉。电视广告很短,通常只有15秒,30秒或60秒,但它们一遍又一遍地重复,使观众能够多次看到画面,听到声音。商业电视融合了娱乐节目和广告。如果你想收看娱乐节目,你就得忍受电视广告——而数以百万计的人们都想收看娱乐节目。

公司销售部的人员负责公司的广告。他们必须确定广告要吸引的群体,还必须确定将信息传达给特定群体的最佳途径。他们还要估算出广告的成本,然后交管理人员批准。在许多大公司,管理人员直接参与策划广告。

【课文练习答案】

I.根据课文判断下列句子的正确与否:

1.True

2.False(第1段中In newspapers,in magzines,in the mail…we constantly see and hear the messages…说明never一词错)

3.False(第2段中A classified ad is usually a few lines long.说明 pages一词错)

4.True

5.True

6.True

7.True

8.False(第4段中Television ads are short…but they are repeated over and over again…说明only once 错)

9.True

10.False(第5段In most large companies,management is directly involved in planning the advertising 说明管理人员不但批准而且还参与(directly involved in)广告策划。)

Ⅱ.根据课文填入缺少的内容:

1.newspapers,magazines,the mail,radio,television

2food,drinks cars,television sets,furniture,clothing,travel,leisure time activities

3.notice,announcement

4.bright colors,attractive pictures,short messages

5.color and pictures,voices and music

6.15,30,60

7.Entertainment

8.want the entertainment

9.the audience,the best way,the costs management

Unit3

第一部分Text A

【课文译文】

大西洋

大西洋是将欧洲和美洲分隔开的海洋之一。它使南北美洲长达几个世纪之久都未被人发现。

人们对大西洋有许多误解,这使得早期的海员不愿意远航驶入大西洋。一种想法是大西洋远抵“世界的边缘”,海员们担心他们会一直航行到地球边上掉落下去。另一个想法是在赤道处,大西洋的海水是滚烫的。

大西洋的面积只是太平洋的一半,但也非常辽阔。哥伦布穿越过的地方宽达4000多英里(6000公里)。即使最窄的地方宽度也有大约2000英里(3200公里),这是一片位于南美洲最东端与非洲最西端之间的水域。

大西洋有两点非同寻常。其一是在如此辽阔的海洋里少有岛屿。另外,大西洋是世界上含盐量最高的海洋。

大西洋海水量很大,人们无法想像到底有多少水。但如果假设不再有降雨和河水注入,则需4000年大西洋才会干涸。大西洋平均水深有2英里(3.2公里)多一点,但有些地方要深得多。最深处在波多黎各岛附近,深达30246英尺——约6英里(9.6公里)。

世界上最长的山脉之一从大西洋海底隆起,这条山脉沿海底中部向南北延伸,几座山峰露出海面,形成岛屿。亚速尔群岛就是大西洋中部山脉露出水面的几座山峰。

佛罗里达州向东几百英里有一处海域叫马尾藻海,这里由于很少刮风,海面很平静。在使用帆船的时代,船员们担心他们会因无风而在此处无法航行。有时他们确实会遇到这种情况。

海流有时被称作“海洋中的河流”。大西洋有一条这种“河流”,叫做墨西哥湾流,这是一股暖水流;另外一条是拉布拉多海流——这是来自北冰洋的冷水流。洋流对流域附近大陆的气候有影响。

大西洋为两岸的人们提供了丰富的食物。大浅滩是最著名的捕鱼区之一,位于纽芬兰附近。

今天,大西洋是一条重要的航路,这条航路并不总是风平浪静,毫无危险。暴风雨会掠过洋面,堆起大浪。从北冰洋漂来的冰山也会横穿航道。

我们现在有快捷的旅行方式,这个大洋似乎也变小了。哥伦布横越大西洋用了两个多月的时间,一艘现代化快

轮不到4天就可完成这一航程,而乘飞机从纽约到伦敦只用8小时,从南美到非洲只用4小时。

【课文难点注释】

1.The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New(Para 1).

大西洋是将欧洲和美洲分隔开的海洋之一。

[考点]1)在“one of the + 复数名词”结构中one of 表示“…之一”,这一结构作主语

时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

2)在“one of the + 复数名词 + who(which,that)定语从句”结构中,定语从句的

谓语动词用复数形式。

[例句]One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.

世界上最长的山脉之一从大西洋底隆起。

Mary is one of the women who refuse to accept the regulation.

玛丽是那些不肯接受这一规定的女性之一。

2.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,…(Para 3)大西洋的面积只有太平洋的一半,…。[考点]“as + 形容词或副词+as”表示形容词或副词的同级比较;否定比较用“not as …

as”或“not so …as”。当同级比较的形容词为same时,前面通常不用as,而用the。

[例句]He likes this car as much as he likes that one.他像喜欢那辆车一样喜欢这辆车。

My mastery of English is not half as (so)good as yours.

我英语掌握得还不及你一半好。

He looked just the same as before.她看起来像从前一样。

3.For so large an ocean it has very few islands.(Para 4)在如此辽阔的海洋里少有岛屿。

介词for引导介词短语for so large an ocean,意思是“对…来说”,“作为…”,与

“considering”同义。

[例句]The weather was very cold for the time of the year.

对这一时节来说天气就算很冷了。

For so young a man he had read largely. 作为这样一个年轻人,他算博学了。

4.There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.(Para 5) 大西洋海水量很大,人们无法想像到底有多少水。

[考点]1)“so+形容词或副词+that”引导结果状语从句,这类结构也可以是“so+分词或其他结构+that从句”。

2) so位于句首时,主句须用倒装句。

[例句]The book was so boring that he gave up reading it half-way through.

这本书很枯燥,他读到一半就不读了。

There were so many people in the room that we could not get in.

房间里人很多,我们进不去。

So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.

他伤得很重,必须去医院。

5.We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.(Para 11) 我们现在有快捷的旅行方式,这个大洋似乎也变小了。

[考点]1)“such a + 单数可数名词+ that”或“such+其他名词+ that”引导结果状语从句,such后的名词之前往往带有形容词作前置修饰语。

2)such后可直接跟that从句表示结果,这时such是代词,一般用于SVC结构。

3)such位于句首时,主句须用倒装句。

[例句]The book is written in such simple English that the beginners can understand it without much difficulty.

这本书是用简单的英语写成的,初学者可以毫不费力地读懂。

His diligence was such that he made great progress.他很聪明,进步很大。

Such was his anxiety that he couldn't stop trembling.他很担心,忍不住发抖。

【课文练习答案】

I.阅读理解

1.d (第1段第1句话 separate the Old World from the New.根据课后注释,the Old World指欧、亚、非三洲。)

2.d (第2段中开始一句Many wrong ideas about…to sail far out into it,后面几句对ideas一词作进步解释。)

3.c (根据第5段主题句There is so much water in the Atlantic… how much there is,本段中心在much water上,其他三个选项均为细节性问题。)

4.b (课文第6段第1句话。其余三个选项均为错误说法。)

5.d (highway在本段中指水路,而不是陆路。)

Ⅱ.选择下列词之一完成句子:

1.long,wide

2.across

3.deep

4.around

5.high

Ⅲ.在需要处填入冠词,注意专有名词:

The,/,/ 2.The 3.the,the 4./ 5./,a 6./,the 7./ 8.The,the,the 9.The,the 10./

Ⅳ.选词完成句子:

1.unwilling(我不愿意付那么高的价钱。)

2.average(他平均每天吸20支烟。)

3.take(照看生病的孩子需要花大量的时间。)

4.runs(你的工作越来越差。)

5.suppose(假定你这笔生意赚了1百万美元,你怎么办?)

Ⅴ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.On the average there are 1,000 visitors every day.

2.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is more than 4,000 miles wide.

3.It took him a long time to fall asleep last night.

4.There are so many advertisements on television that it is hard to remember how many there are.

5.Many wrong ideas made the people in Columbus's age unwilling to sail west.

【词汇练习答案】

I.用所给词的适当形式填空,注意词性:

1.a.sailed b.sailor c.sail

2.a.willing b.unwillingly c.unwilling

3.a.unusual https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,ual https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,ually

4.a.average(n.) b.average(a.) c.average(v.)

Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式填空:

1.peak (交通高峰时间指车流量最大的时间。)

2.crew (船员们做好了航行的准备。)

3.average (杰克的功课在学校属上游,但他仍不自满。)

4.boils (水沸腾时变为蒸汽。)

5.unusual (他不同寻常的主意使我们每个人都很吃惊。)

6.highway (信息高速公路使世界变得越来越小。)

7.narrow (路太窄,卡车过不去。)

8.salty (他想知道为什么海水是咸的。)

9.spot (他领着警察看他挨打的那地点。)

10.affected (他说气候影响了他的健康。)

Ⅲ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.Sailors were afraid that they might meet with bad weather.

2.The mountain is half as high as Mount Tai.

3.On the average there are 45 students in each class of this school.

4.The climate affects the growth of plants.

5.My work keeps piling up.

第二部分 Text B

【课文译文】

月球

我们发现月球距地球大约239 000英里(384 551公里),它与地球总保持这个距离,变化不超过几千英里。但稍加观察就会看出月球并不是静止不动的,它与地球的距离保持不变,但其方位却总是在变化。我们发现它在围绕地球进行圆周或非常近似圆周的运行,每月,或更确切地说每27×(1/3)天绕地球运行一圈。它是我们在太空最近的邻居,像我们人类一样,被地球的吸引力束缚着。

除了太阳外,月球看起来是空中最大的天体。但实际上它属于小星球之一,由于距离我们很近,所以看起来很大。它的直径只有2160英里(3389公里),相当于地球直径的1/4多一点。

每月,或更确切地说每29×(1/2)天都有一次我们称为“满月”的时候,这时整个月盘看起来非常明亮。另外一些时候,只有部分月盘显得很明亮,我们总会发现这一部分面向太阳,而背向太阳的那部分显得很阴暗。如果艺术家们记住这一点——只有被太阳照亮的那部分很明亮,他们就会画得更好。这表明月球本身并不发光,它就像悬在空中的一面大镜子,只是反射太阳光。

但是月球表面阴暗的部分并不是绝对的黑暗。通常,这部分的亮度能使我们看清其轮廓,因而我们会谈起看到了“新月抱旧月”的现象。我们能够看到旧月所凭借的光并不来自太阳,而是来自地球。我们很清楚海面、雪地、甚至潮湿的路面是如何将太阳光不舒服地反射到我们的脸上。同样,整个地球的表面能将充足的太阳光反射到月球表面,使我们能够看到本来会是很暗的那部分月面。

如果月球上有居民的话,他们会看到我们地球也像悬在空中的一面大镜子,反射着太阳的光。他们也会像我们谈月光一样谈及地球光。“新月抱旧月”,旧月其实只不过是月面处于夜间而被地球光照亮的那部分。同样,月球居民偶尔会看到地球的一部分处于太阳光的完全照射下,而其余部分则被月光照亮,他们也许会把这种现象叫做“新地抱旧地”。

【课文练习答案】

I.根据课文判断句子正误:

1.True

2.True

3.False (第1段中We find that it is travelling in a circle—or very nearly a circle-round the earth…说明complete一词错误)

4.True

5.False(第2段中Actually it is one of the smallest and only looks big because it is so near to us 说明原因部分不对)

6.True

7.True

8.False (第5段中…the lunar inhabitants would occasionally see part of our earth in full sunlight,and the rest lighted only by earth light说明always一词错误)

9.False (第3段中At other times only part of it appears bright,and we always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun…说明night一词错误)

10.True

Ⅱ.根据课文填入所缺内容:

1.three

2.the earth's gravitational pull

3.it is so near

4.29×(1/2)

5.its own,reflects

6.disc

7.“the old moon in the new moon's arms”

8.outline

9.full earth

10.Dark

【词汇练习答案】

Ⅰ.从右边一栏中找出左边一栏单词的相应定义:1.d 2.b 3.a 4.c 5.e

Ⅱ.选择最佳答案完成句子:

1.C (大部分商店晚上8点仍旧营业。)

2.C (确切地说一年有12个月。)

3.B (事实上月球是太空中最小的星球之一,因为距我们很近所以看起来大。)

4.A (月球本身不发光。)

5.D (镜子反射光。)

6.C (他只是想和她说话,而不是让她生气。)

7.B (他没有时间读整篇小说,因此他只读了一下提纲。)

8.B (他在信中谈到他将来的计划。)

9.B (他不是我朋友,他只是个陌生人。)

10.D (他只是偶尔来,并不经常。)

【语法练习答案】

Ⅰ.给下列单词加后缀,使之变成名词:

depend—dependence explain—explanation

form—formation conclude—conclusion

inform—information move—movement

mean—meaning govern—government

graduate—graduation similar—similarity

confuse—confusion pay—payment

agree—agreement advertise-advertisement

announce—announcement add—addition

decide—decision use—usefulness

attract—attraction mix—mixture

Unit 4

第一部分 Text A

【课文译文】

改善你的记忆力

心理研究集中在有助于记忆力的几个基本原则,即富有意义、组织、联想和想像。知道这些原则如何发挥作用是非常有益的。

富有意义从各个方面影响记记力。你很难记住对你毫无意义的信息,我们可以用几种办法使材料变得更有意义。例如,很多人学会用韵音来帮助他们记忆。你知道“九、四、六、十一有30天……”这首押韵诗吗?它帮助人们记住一年中哪些月份有30天。

信息的组织也对我们的记忆能力造成差异。图书馆的书如果陈列得杂乱无章对我们还会有什么帮助吗?组织过的材料比混杂的信息更容易记住。组织信息的一个例子就是组块。组块是将一个个单独的信息组织成信息块。例如,4671363这组数字如果被组块成467 13 63就更容易记住。分类是另一种组织方法。假定要求你记住一组词:男人、凳子、狗、书桌、女人、马、孩子、猫、椅子。很多人会将这些词分成相似种类的几组,即男人、女人、孩子;猫、狗、马;凳子、椅子、书桌。不用说第二种排列比第一种排列更容易记忆。

联想指将我们要记忆的材料和我们已准确记住的信息联系起来。在记忆数字时,可以将这一数字与我们所熟悉的数字或事件联系起来,例如,日本富士山的高度为12,389英尺,这一数字可以用下面的联想法记住:12是一年中的月份数,389是一年的天数(365)加月数的两倍(24)。

最后一个基本原则是想像。研究表明,如果人们把需要记忆的东西进行想像,各种记忆能力都会有显著的提高。在一项研究中,一组受试者被要求使用想像法学习一些生词,而另外一组用重复法学习生词。用想像法记忆单词的一组记住了80%~90%的生词,相比之下,用重复法记忆单词的一组只记住了30%~40%的生词。因此,将所有的信息放在一幅内心的图画里,从而形成一个整体形象,可以帮助我们保存记忆。

【课文难点注释】

1.It is useful to know how these principles work.(Para 1) 知道这些原则如何发挥作用是非常有益的。

[考点]宾语从句how these principles work作动词know的宾语,须用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后,不能用疑问句语序。此种情况适用于wh—疑问词引导的宾语从句。

[例句]Please explain why this is possible.请解释一下为什么这是可能的。

She asked me where I was off to.他问我到哪儿去。

2.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order?(Para 3)

图书馆的书如果陈列得杂乱无章对我们还会有什么帮助吗?

本句为一反问句,其形式是疑问句,在意义上相当于一个强调的陈述句。肯定形式的反问句相当于强调的否定陈述句,否定形式的反问句则相当于强调的肯定陈述句。所以本句意义相当于A library would be quite useless if the books were kept in random order.其他例句如:Who would have believed it possible?(= Nobody believed it possible)谁都不相信这是可能的。

[考点]本句为虚拟语气句。虚拟语气在条件状语中的用法如下:表示与现在事实相反的情况,主句用would/should +do或might/could+do,从句用过去式did/were;表示与过去事实相反的情况,主句用would/should+have done或could/might+have done,从句用 had done;表示与将来事实相反的情况,主句用would/should+do或could/might+do,从句用did/should do/were to do.

[例句]If they had time,they would come too.如果他们有时间的话也会来的。

If she had come a few minutes earlier,she would have caught the train.

如果她早几分钟来的话就会赶上火车。

If it rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.

万一明天下雨,运动会就要推迟(指下雨的可能性较小)。

【课文练习答案】

I.阅读理解:

1.c (第2段 Information that does not make sense to you is difficult to remember.)

2.b

3.b(第3段Many people will group the words into similar categories…)

4.d

5.c(最后一段 Thus forming an integreted image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.)

Ⅱ.选择适当的形容词完成句子:

1.smooth(这张纸摸起来很光滑。)

2.similar(语言学习研究表明,成功的语言学习者在很多方面是相似的。)

3.mental (那是精神病院。)

4.municipal (市政厅是城市官员工作的地方。)

5.meaningful (词汇是在有意义的上下文中控制和教授的吗?)

6.useful (他给我提出了一些有用的建议。)

7.familiar (你的名字听起来很耳熟。)

8.single (安德鲁只有一个目标,就是挣钱。)

9.striking (市政厅里挂着一副新的惹人注目的画。)

10.difficult (所有的事情都是先难后易。)

Ⅲ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,rmation that doesn't make sense to you is difficult to remember.(或:It is difficult to remember information that doesn't make sense to you.)

2.Association refers to associating what we want to remember with information we have remembered.

3.Categarizing the words can help one remember them.

4.Needless to say,readers could not find the books they want in the library if the books were kept in random order.

5.Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.

【词汇练习答案】

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空,注意词性:

1.a psychologist b.psychology c.psychological

2.a meaningless b.meaning c.meaningful

3.a organized https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,anizer https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,anization

4.a repeated b.repetition c.repeat

Ⅱ.用下列所给词的正确形式填空:

1.ability(他能像鱼一样游泳。)

2.accurately(他工作得慢但却准确。)

3.focus(墙上的一幅大照片成为人们注意的焦点。)

4.needless(你不必担忧,我会很好。)

5.meaningful(她意味深长地看了丈夫一眼。)

6.random(父亲进来时,他随便打开了一本书。)

7.Repetition(重复练习在学英语时很有用。)

8.Preserve(我们应该在现代化城市中保存几座历史建筑。)

9.improvement(在老师的帮助下,他学习有了进步。)

10.image(湖面倒映着树的影子,这一图像看起来很美丽。)

11.related to(他想忘掉童年的一切。)

12.associate…with(我们常常把结果与原因联系在一起。)

Ⅲ.将下列名词变成动词:

1.meaningfulness——mean

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,anization——organize

3.visualization——visualize

4.association——associate

5.improvement——improve

6.repetition——repeat

7.memory——memorize https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,munication——communicate

9.category——categorize 10.image——imagine

Ⅳ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.The research mainly focuses on the learning techniques of adults.

2.It is meaningful to know how to use these phrases.

3.The adult group consists of 15 persons.

4.Needless to say,all of us know the facts.(或Needless to say,all of us are very clear about the facts.)

5.Memory refers to the ability to remember the past events and experiences.

6.I always associate the song with my life in school.

第二部分 Text B

【课文译文】

短时记忆

记忆有两种:短期记忆和长期记忆。长期记忆的信息以后在需要时能够记起。这种信息可以记忆几天或几个星期。有时长期记忆的信息很难记起来,参加考试的学生经常有这种经历。相反,短期记忆的信息通常经过一遍又一遍地重复,且只能维持几秒钟。例如,你从电话号码薄中查到一个号码,一遍又一遍地重复,然后再拨号。如果有人打断你,你可能会忘掉这个号码。在实验室的研究中发现,如果不允许受试者重复,18秒后他们连3个字母也记不住。

心理学家们分别将动物和人类作为研究对象来研究记忆和学习。下面两例实验表明他们是怎样对短期记忆进行研究的。

享特博士研究了老鼠的短期记忆。他使用了一种特殊的装置,这一装置有一个鼠笼和三个门,每个门上都装有一盏灯。首先,将老鼠放入关闭的笼子里,然后打开一盏灯,接着再关掉,只有亮灯的这个门口有老鼠的食物。灯被熄灭后,老鼠必须等一会儿才能从笼子里放出来。如果老鼠走对了门,它就会得到那里的食物作为奖赏。享特反复地做这一实验。他总是随意地打开一盏灯,老鼠被放出笼子之前所等待的时间也不一样。享特发现,如果老鼠等10多秒钟,它就记不住哪个门口有食物。享特的研究结果表明老鼠的短期记忆大约为10秒钟。

后来,汉宁博士研究了将英语作为第二语言来学习的学生是如何记忆词汇的。受试者是75位来自洛杉矶加利

福尼亚大学的学生。他们代表了各种英语水平的学生:初级、中级、高级和以英语为母语等级别。

首先,受试者听一段录音,这段录音由以英语为母语的人用英语朗读。听完录音后,受试者进行一次包含15个问题的测试,以检查他们记住了哪些词。每个问题有四个选择,受试者须将在录音中听到的词圈起来。一些问题有四个读音相似的选项,例如,weather,whether,wither和wetter这四个词读音相似。有些问题有四个意义相同的选项,例如,method,way,manner和system意义相同。还有些问题有四个毫不相关的选项,例如,weather,method,love和result可以作为四个没有联系的选项。最后,受试者还要参加一项语文水平测试。

汉宁发现,英语水平较低的学生在读音相似的词上出错较多;英语水平较高的学生在意义相同的词上出错较多。汉宁的研究成果表明,初学者通过短期记忆记住了单词的发音,而水平较高的学生通过长期记忆记住了单词的意义。【课文练习答案】

I.根据课文判断下列句子的正确与否:

1.True

2.False (第1段… information in short-term memory is ke pt for only a few seconds…说明minutes 一词错。)

3.True

4.False (第 3 段 After the light was off,the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage.说明as soon as一词错。)

5.True

6.False (第3段Hunter's results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten minutes 说明more than错误。)

7.False (第4段 They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning、intermediate,advanced and native-speaking students说明all shared the same level of English proficiency错误。) 8.False (第5段Some of them had four unrelated choices说明all一词不确切。)

9.False (第5段The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording.)

10.False (第6段…students with a low proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sounds alike 说明same一词错误。)

Ⅱ.根据课文填入所缺内容:

1.18

2.

3.repeat the number over and over

4.a cage for the rat,three doors

5.wait a short time

6.random

7.reward

8.beginning,intermediate,advanced and native-speaking students

9.8.Weather,whether,wither and wetter

10.9.memory,experience,contrast,information(可任选四词)

11.10.the meaning of words

【词汇练习答案】

I.从右边一栏中找出左边一栏单词的相应定义:

1.e

2.b

3.a

4.c

5.d

Ⅱ.在课文B中找出以所给字母为开头的单词:

1.kept

2.contrast

3.human

4.released

5.intermediate

Ⅲ.选择最佳答案完成句子:

1.C (他忘了朋友的电话号码,因此他去查电话号码本。)

2.D (离开实验室之前请别忘记关灯。)

3.A (她因其研究成果而被授奖。)

4.D (有些问题有4个发音相似的选择。)

5.B (这项实验的受试者是75名大学生。)

【语法练习答案】

I.判断下列句子是陈述句、疑问句、祈使句还是感叹句:

1.陈述句

2.祈使句

3.陈述句

4.感叹句

5.疑问句

6.感叹句

7.祈使句

8.陈述句

9.陈述句 10.祈使句

Ⅱ.把下列句子变成一般疑问句:

1.Did he attend the English lecture yesterday?

2.Was it still raining when you came in?

3.Is there anyone in the house?

4.Was the baby well looked after?

5.Do you usually get up early in the morning?

6.Do you like to study in the reading room?

7.Can he tell you the result next week?

8.Was he able to swim across the lake?

9.Will it be good weather tomorrow?

10.Did Mr. Brown lose his job again?

Ⅲ.就划线部分提问,将下列句子变成特殊疑问句:

1.Where is the post office?

2.When did Tom graduate from college?

3.How does he study French?

4.Who lost the key to the door?

5.Why did Miss Lee feel very sad?

6.What are listed in the telephone book?

7.How is your mother?

8.Which bus do you think she is going to take?

9.What did he advise you to do?

10.Why did he come?

Ⅳ.把下列句子译成英语:

1.She has different views with her husband on many issues.(或She disagrees with her husband on many issues.)

2.Can you talk about something about tax?

3.Bring me a glass of beer,please.

4.Your uncle doesn't speak a word at home,does he?

5.What are the customers complaining about?

6.Did he travel in France or in Italy last summer?

7.Did you see the advertisement in a newspaper or in a magazine?

8.Do you have to pay sales tax when you buy something?

9.Who are responsible for the advertising business of the company?

10.At that time,many salaried people did not support the federal government,did they?

Unit 5

第一部分 Text A

【课文译文】

对食物的错误看法

很多原始民族认为吃某种动物可以使他们获得这种动物的一些好的品质。例如,他们认为吃鹿可以使他们跑得像鹿一样快。一些野蛮部落相信,吃战争中表现勇敢的敌人会使他们勇敢。吃人现象开始发生可能是因为人们渴望变得像他们的敌人那样强壮、勇敢。

一些文明人曾经认为,姜根有某种魔力,能改善他们的记忆力。蛋能美化他们的声音。也有人认为西红柿有魔力。西红柿被称为爱的苹果,他们认为吃西红柿能使人坠入爱河。

后来又出现了另一个关于西红柿的错误观点——西红柿有毒。如果认为西红柿有毒的人知道二战中数百万磅的西红柿提供给了在海外的战士们,他们会多么吃惊!

甚至在今天也有很多关于食物的错误看法,其中一些看法很普遍。一种想法认为鱼是最佳益脑食物。鱼是有益于大脑的食物,就像它对肌肉、皮肤、骨骼一样有益。但是没有人能够证明对于大脑来说鱼比其他种类的食物更好。

另外一种想法认为,吃饭的时候不应该喝水。虽然用水把食物冲下去来代替咀嚼不是个好主意,但是人们发现吃饭时喝点水是有益的。水能使消化液更自由地流动,有助于消化食物。

很多想法是关于食物混在一起吃的,而科学家告诉我们,这些想法毫无根据。几年前有一种很普遍的看法,认为不能在同一餐中喝桔子汁和牛奶,其理由是桔子汁中的酸性物质能使牛奶凝结而难以消化。事实上,牛奶在胃里总会遇到一种使它凝结的消化液,而这种凝结是消化的第一步。类似的一种错误想法认为在同一餐中吃鱼和冰淇淋会形成一种有毒的化合物。

还有一种关于食物混在一起吃的错误想法,即不能在同一餐中吃蛋白质食物和淀粉质食物。例如,很多人认为面包是一种淀粉质食物。虽然面包主要是一种淀粉质食物,但它也含有蛋白质。同样,牛奶可能是最好的单一食物,但它也含有蛋白质和淀粉。不要吃面包喝牛奶,这种说法是愚蠢的,就像说不要把肉类和土豆一起食用一样。

【课文难点注释】

1.Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory.(Para 2) 一些文明人曾经认为姜根有某种魔力,能改善记忆力。

本句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。by意思是“凭着”,“靠着。”

2.How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War Ⅱ.(Para 3)如果认为西红柿有毒的人知道在二战中数百万磅的西红柿提供给了在海外的战士们,他们会多么吃惊!

1)本句中How surprised the people……wou ld be 是个感叹句结构,句子结构是How+形容词+主语+谓语!例如:How strong he is! 他多么强壮啊!

另一种感叹句由what引导,句子结构是What+名词短语+主语+谓语!例如:What a strong man he is! 他多么强壮啊!

2)句中soldiers overseas 意为“在海外的战士们”;而overseas soldiers意为“来自海外的战士们。”

3.Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea,…(Para 6)

用水把食物冲下去代替咀嚼不是个好主意,…

本句中as是个介词,意为“作为”;substitute是个名词,意为“代替”,注意代替某物用for。 substitute 也能做动词,经常用在substitute…for…结构中,意为“用…代替…”。

4.Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation have to do with mixture of foods.(Para 7)

很多想法是关于食物混在一起吃的,而科学家告诉我们,这些想法毫无根据。

本句中,scientists tell us 是插入语,不影响整个句子的主谓一致关系。例如:

What do you think is the correct choice? 你认为正确的选择是什么?

The man who she says is a criminal is my friend. 她说是罪犯的那个人是我的朋友。

5.A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.(Para 7)

类似的一种错误想法认为在同一餐中吃鱼和冰淇淋会形成一种有毒的化合物。

本句中that从句是表语从句,说明主语 idea 的内容。在这个表语从句中,when eaten at the same meal 做状语,可视为一个状语从句的省略形式:when they are eaten at the same meal.

【课文练习答案】

I.阅读理解:

1.d (第1段讲了很多原始民族和一些野蛮部落对食物的看法,第2段讲了文明人对食物的看法。所以应选d。) 2.d (根据第5段可知应选a。)

3.d (从第8段第2、3、4行可知d是正确答案。a,b都是无科学根据的看法,而c不正确,可根据第6段第3、4、5行得知。)

4.c (根据第8段第4、5、6行可知应选c。a,b是人们对食物的看法,并无根据。d也无根据,从第5段可知。)

5.c (课文最后一句之意为:肉和土豆不能同时吃这种说法是愚蠢的,不能吃面包或者不能喝牛奶这种说法也

是愚蠢的。而c的含意是:对肉和土豆一起吃的否定态度没有什么根据。可见c与课文最后一句意同,应选c。) Ⅱ.找出下列词或短语的同义词:

1.bravery

2.eager

3.civilized

4.overseas

5.substitute

6.foundation

7.mixture

8.belief

9.protein 10.contain

Ⅲ.用括号中名词的复数形式填空:

1.pianos violins (杰克逊先生的商店卖钢琴和小提琴。)

2.firemen (消防队员用了半小时才把火扑灭。)

3.data (她提供资料,而她老师分析资料。)

4.deer (鹿跑进花园把里面的植物毁坏了。)

5.potatoes,tomatoes (现在很多中国人喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。)

Ⅳ.把下列句子译成英语:

1.During World WarⅡ soldiers ate a large number of potatoes.

2.There is a wrong idea that by eating an animal you can get the good qualities of that animal.

3.It is to be proved whether fish is the best brain food.

4.Milk contains rich protein,and many people drink it for break fast.

5.Today,quite a few people have wrong ideas about some foods.

【词汇练习答案】

I.用所给词的正确形式填空,注意词性:

1.a. civilize b.civilized c.civilization

2.a. free b.freedom c.freely

3.a. digest b.digestible c.digestion d.digestive,digestible

4.a.scientists b.scientific c.science

Ⅱ.用下面所列出的词的正确形式填空:

1.mixture (桔子是黄红色。)

2.poisonous (有些蛇有毒,我们应离它们远点儿。)

3.suppose (我认为他的很多看法是谬见。)

4.digest (医生叫他吃易消化的食物。)

5.widespread (他的发现引起了广泛的关注。)

6.overseas (有时候通过肤色就可很容易知道一个学生是否来自海外。)

7.similar (无线电波与光波相似,只不过无线电波的波长比光波的波长要长得多。)

8.foundation(他的理论缺乏科学根据。)

9.eager(这个男孩渴望成功。)

10.substitute(我们用蜜来代替糖。)

Ⅲ.找出下列词的名词形式:

1.digest——digestion

2.mix——mixture

3.believe——belief

4.civilize——civilization

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,bine——combination

Ⅳ.将下列句子译成英语:

1.We have not yet found a substitute for him.

2.Children are eager to become as strong and brave as the heroes in films.

3.He is supposed to be the man who runs fastest among us.

4.Some stories are widespread,while others are not.

5.As a matter of fact,meat and potatoes can be eaten together.

6.People often think of a school as a small society.(或:A school is often thought of as a small society.)

第二部分 Text B

【课文译文】

动物会思考吗?

人们经常问这一问题:动物会思考吗?我认为有些动物思考得很多。很多动物就像在运动中的孩子一样。我们注意到,这一点就狗和猫而言常常是对的,但对别的动物也是一样。

某些鸟在运动中非常活跃,某些昆虫也是这样。蚂蚁虽然努力工作,但仍有时间用于玩耍。它们赛跑、摔跤,有时候在一起模拟打斗。当它们从事这些运动时,它们的思想一定很忙碌。

然而也有很多动物从来不玩。它们的思想似乎是属于更严肃的那一种。我们从来没见到青蛙参加运动。它们一直显得很严肃。猫头鹰的情况也是如此,它们看起来好像总是在思考某个重要的问题。

动物们在建房子时思考得很多。鸟找寻它能用来筑巢的东西,这时候它思考。海狸在建造坝和房子时思考。它们找材料,安排材料,并用泥浆把材料粘到一起。在这些活动中,它们思考。蜘蛛的房子只有那些会思考的动物才能造出来。

动物会思考,就会学习。某些动物比别的动物学得多。虽然鹦鹉在别的某些方面很愚蠢,但它会学说话。反舌鸟可以学会模仿很多不同的声音。马不用很长时间就能学会与它要干的活有关的很多事情。牧羊犬并不比别的狗知道得多,然而它却非常清楚怎样看护羊。

虽然动物会思考和学习,但它们不像人那样在做事的方式上进行任何真正的改进。每一种鸟都有自己的筑巢方式,而且这种方式总是一成不变。别的动物也是如此,它们没有任何新的花样,也不互相学习。但是大家都知道,人总是在寻找新的方式建造房屋,总是在寻找进行各种劳动的更佳方式。

有许多事动物知道怎样做,但它们要么未经学习就会,要么是以某种我们不了解的方式学会的。据说它们是靠本能做这样的事情,但没有人能说清楚本能是什么。正是靠着这种本能,鸟会筑巢,海狸会建坝和小屋。如果做这些事都是像人盖新房子那样经过了计划和仔细考虑,那么它们在做事情的方式上就会有所变化,有所改进。

我已经提到过海狸的建筑本能。一个英国人抓到一只小海狸,他先把它关在笼子里,过了一会儿,他把海狸放出来,放到一间有各种各样东西的房间里。海狸一出来就开始施展它的建筑本能。它收集起所有它能找到的东西:树枝,篮子,皮靴,衣服,棍子,煤块等等,并进行安排整理,好像要建一个坝。如果它真有头脑的话,它本应知道在一个没有水的地方建坝是毫无用处的。

显然,尽管动物像我们人一样靠感觉来学习某些事情,但它们对所学的东西远不如我们思考得那么多,这就是它们不能迅速进步的原因。即使是最聪明的动物,如大象和狗,对它们所看到和听到的东西也不做很多思考。不仅如此,有些事情我们知道,但动物却一无所知。它们不知道发生在它们自己观察范围之外的事情。它们的头脑与我们的很不相同,分不清对与错。

【课文练习答案】

I.根据课文判断下列句子的正误:

1.True

2.False(根据课文的第1,第3段可知此题错。这两段中讲动物思考很多。)

3.True

4.False(根据第5段第2句可知,鹦鹉虽然会学说话,但在别的方面很愚蠢。所以文中并没有说鹦鹉比别的动物聪明。因此,本题错。)

5.True

6.True

7.True

8.True

9.False(根据文章最后一段倒数第2句即可知此题错。)

10.True

Ⅱ.根据课文填入所缺少的信息:

1.true

2.run races,wrestle,have mock fights together

3.frogs, owls

4.sport,very grave

5.dams

6.take care of sheep

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit7

Unit 7 Inner Voice I. New words and expressions New words 1. inner adj. 内心的;隐藏的 2. precisely adv. 准确地;恰好地 precise precision 联想:accurate, accuracy 比较:simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily 3. bombard v. 大肆抨击;连珠炮似地质问;提供过多信息, 4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的;可怕的 5. small talk n. 寒喧;闲谈;聊天 6. hesitation n. 犹豫 hesitate hesitant hesitancy / hesitation 7. wonder v. 想知道;想弄明白;琢磨n. 奇迹 wonder wh-… do / work wonders / miracles

精选文库 8. prompt v. 促使;导致;激起 9. complete adj. (用以强调)完全的,彻底的 10. upset adj. 难过的;不高兴的;沮丧的 11. roll v. (使)翻滚,滚动 12. despite prep. 即使;尽管 despite / in spite of that fact that … 13. feeble adj. 无效的;无力的 14. attempt n./ v. 企图;试图;尝试 attempted 15. wipe v.(用布、手等)擦干净,抹掉 16. profusely adv. 大量地;连连地 17. address v. 写(收信人)姓名地址;致函 18. receptionist n. 接待员 19. attach v. 把…固定,把…附(在…上) attach …to… attached 依恋的;附加的;附属的 attachment 依恋;附件 20. emotion n. 强烈的感情;情感;情绪 emotional emotionless 21. contain v. 控制,克制,抑制(感情) 22. apparently adv. 据…所知;看来;显然

大学英语2翻译原文及答案

Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆,但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作,你觉得值得购买吗? 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的,那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.

山东自考英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy (n.有文化,有教养,有读写能力)in Australia,就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样,there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China,中国也掀起一股外语热,with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中,英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools,colleges and universities,but also at evening classes,on radio and TV.不仅各级学校教英语,夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children;父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教,adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日,到公园参加英语角,与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难,需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer,if I am asked to offer,is undoubtedly,yes.如果我被问及这个问题,那么毫无疑问,我的答案是:是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看,I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation,its grammatical rules,its words,etc.英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等,It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it.它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解,the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation,sentence structure and the words he uses.即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误,一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it.讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example.以学英语的中国人为例," Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people."你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?",which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese."你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语,若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?",他们会因此感到不悦,这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not.当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token,同样,"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语),会觉得中国人非常好客,会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile,the Chinese would be shocked to hear,"Oh,it's very nice of you.When?",if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食,又碰巧没有吃饭,他会回答"太好了,什么时候?",中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner.Why can't we say pig,bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork,beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions.中国的英语学习者可能会这样问:"我们可以说吃鸡,为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊,而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners.对学习英语的中国人来说,为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history.问题在于如果不懂英国历史,死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken.所以说,学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak

2016自考英语二教材课文讲义unit3说课讲解

Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty I. New words and expressions New words 1. reflection n. (关于某主题的)思考,回忆 2. loyalty n. 忠诚;忠实;忠心耿耿 3. recognize v. 承认;意识到 4. betray v. 辜负;对…不忠 5. indeed adv. 其实;实际上 6. virtue n. 高尚的道德;正直的品性;德行 7. trend n. 趋势;趋向;倾向;动态;动向 8. befriend v. 做(尤指需要帮助者的)朋友;友善相待 9. request v. (礼貌或正式地)请求,要求 10. trendy adj. 时髦的;赶时髦的 11. multitude n. 众多;大量 12. mutual adj. 共有的;共同的 mutual respect / understanding 辨析:mutual / manual / manure / mature / menu / mental 13. term n. 词语;术语:措辞 14. site n. 网站;站点 15. acronym n. 首字母缩略词

16. perish v. 丧失;湮灭;毁灭 17. thought n. 想法;看法;主意;记忆 18. gossip n. 流言蜚语 19. challenge v. 考查…的能力;考验…的技巧 20. akin adj. 相似的;类似的 21. deposit n. 存款 22. account n. 账户 accountant current account deposit account 23. interest n. 利息 24. well-being n. 健康;安乐;康乐 25. welfare n. (个体或群体的)幸福,安全与健康 26. essence n. 本质;实质;精髓 27. seek v. 寻找 28. notoriety n. 恶名;坏名声 notorious 相当于infamous 29. premise n. 前提;假定; 30. exploit v. 利用(…为自己谋利) 31. reconnect v. 再联系;再联络 32. virtual adj. (通过计算机软件,如在因特网上)模拟的,虚拟的 33. assure v. 使确信;向…保证

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit9

Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛;栏架,跨栏;难关,障碍 2. negative n. 否定词;否定;拒绝 adj. 坏的;有害的 3. despair v. 绝望;失去希望;丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的:琐碎的;次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的;供一个人用的 6. lane n. (比赛的)跑道,泳道 7. spot n. 地点;场所;处所 8. symbolize v. 象征;是…的象征;代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀:modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地;极其 credible 可靠的,可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的;正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的;艰难的;棘手的 12. arise v. 发生;产生;出现 arise from sth. 区分:arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的;一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事;小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行;站队;排队(等侯) 2. end up最终成为;最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire

英语阅读二课文及翻译

Text 1. Do we need extra vitamins? Many people believe that taking vitamin supplements is the best safeguard(保护、保卫)against the dangers of an incomplete diet, but this should be ①a last resort (最后手段)rather than a way out of a problem. Even if there is a genuine(真实的,真正的;诚恳的)need for extra vitamins, then sooner or later the question arises(出现;发生;站立)"which ones do I need, how much of them, and how often?" There is really no simple answer to this question. The Food Standards Committee guardians②保护者of our laws on food purity, labelling(标记,贴标签;标明)and advertising clams(保持沉默,闭嘴不言)and descriptions) suggest in their recent report to the government that we do not need any extra vitamins. They say that they are "not necessary for a healthy individual个人的;个别的; 独特的 个人,个体eating a normal diet". Whilst同时;时时,有时;当… 的时候few of us would challenge their authority on the subject of nutrition it is, perhaps, pertinent相关的,相干的;中肯的;切题的to ask the question "how many of us are healthy, and what is a normal diet? "There is an element of doubt in many minds about these two aspects方面;方向;形势;外貌and though few people are familiar熟悉的;常见的;亲近的with the wording措辞;用语;语法of the

自考英语二(新版) 原文 Unit 11 Cyber World

Unit 11 Cyber World A Famous Quote The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. - Bill Gates Bill Gates (1955- ), American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former chief executive officer (CEO) and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. Text A Cyber Love Pre-reading Questions: 1. Have you ever made a friend on the Internet? How did you develop your friendship? 2. What suggestions can you give if one hopes to make friends on the Internet? Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they’ve talked and sent letters to each other with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling head over heels in love. It was then that they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world. It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and M artijin have been living together happily ever since. They’ve created a home page to let the world know how they’ve found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who’ve met under similar circumstances. Throughout history men and women have used a variety of means to find each other. Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to others it is a natural way for the 90’s to meet potential mates. Romances formed on the Internet follow a characteristic script. The development of emotional intimacy is a long progress, sometimes taking several months. “Love at first byte” is rare although there are examples. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open, an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyberspace carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verse and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). Could any heart with romantic inclinations resist? When you reach

2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

Unit11CyberWorld I.Newwordsandexpressions Newwords 1.chatlinen.(消遣性的)热线电话交谈服务 2.variety?n.(同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样 varyvaryfrom…to… 比较:range/shiftfrom…to… various 3.romance?n.恋爱;爱情 romantic https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d92930696.html,arreadj.极其怪诞的;异乎寻常的 5.potentialadj.潜在的;可能的 6.scriptn.剧本;广播(或讲话等)稿 7.intimacy?n.亲密;关系密切 intimate 8.initialadj.最初的;开始的 9.perceivev.将…视为;认为 10.avalanchen.雪崩;山崩 11.literary?adj.文学的;文学上的 literature literal literary literate liberal

12.versen.诗;韵文 13.animatedadj.栩栩如生的;(似)能活动的 14.inclination?n.倾向;意愿 incline inclined 15.sweatyadj.满是汗的;汗津津的 16.palmn.手掌;手心 17.varyv.相异;不同 18.conveyv.表达,传递(思想、感情等) 19.polishv.修改;润饰;润色 20.intellectn.(尤稻高等的)智力,思维逻辑领悟力 21.personalityn.性格;个性;人格 22.sequencen.顺序;次序 23.reversev.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反 24.veil?v.掩饰;掩盖 unveil揭露,揭开 25.intellectualadj.智力的;脑力的;理智的 26.familiarity?n.熟悉;通晓 familiar familiarize 27.appearance?n.外貌;外表 28.intensity?n.强烈;紧张;剧烈 intense 29.stirringn.(感情、想法或发展的)开始,出现,萌发

[整理版]自考英语二上册课文翻译

Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,A,,,,,,,,,,怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者 “学习一门语言很容易,即使小孩也能做得到。” 大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。对他们来说,学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。他们需要数百小时的学习与练习,即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。 语言学习不同于其他学习。许多人很聪明,在自己的领域很成功,但他们发现很难学好一门语言。相反,一些人学习语言很成功,但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。 语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议:“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”,“每天练习说这种语言”,“与说这种语言的人住在一起”,“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”,“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”,“放松地去学习语言。” 然而,成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢,,,,,语言学习研究表明,成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。 首先,成功的语言学习者独立学习。他们不依赖书本和老师,而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。他们不是等待老师来解释,而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论,从而做出正确的猜测。如果猜错,他们就再猜一遍。他们都努力从错误中学习。 成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。因此,成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。他们找到(说)这种语言的人进行练习,出错时请这些人纠正。他们不失时机地进行交流,不怕重复所听到的话,也不怕说出离奇的话,他们不在乎出错,并乐于反复尝试。当交流困难时,他们可以接受不确切或不完整的。对他们来说,更重要的是学习用这种语言思考,而不是知道每个词的意思。 最后,成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易,因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。 你是什么样的语言学习者,,,,,如果你是一位成功的语言学习者,那么你大概一直在独立地,主动地,目的明确地学习。另一方面,如果你的语言学习一直不太成功,你不妨试试上面提到的一些技巧。 Unit,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,Text,,,,,B,,,,,,,,,,语,,,,,言 当我们想告诉别人我们想什么时,我们不但可以借助于词语,还可以用其他表达方法。比如,当我们想说“是”时,我们有时会上下点头,而当我们想说“不”,,,,,时,我们会左右摇头。那些既听不见也不会说话的人(也就是聋哑人)借助于手势相互交谈。那些彼些不懂对方语言的人也用这种方式交谈。下面这个故事就说明了人们有时是怎样借助于手势进行交谈的。

必修二英语课文及翻译 word整理版

必修二 Unit1 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM寻找琥珀厅Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country's best artists about ten years to make. 弗雷德里克?威廉?我,普鲁士国王,从未想像过这恩赐与俄罗斯人会令人惊喜的历史。这个礼物,琥珀屋的,赐给这个名字,因为好几吨的琥珀被用来制造它。琥珀被选有一个美丽的黄棕色的颜色就像蜂蜜。房间的设计是别致的流行的日子。这也是一种珍惜用金子来装饰和珠宝,将国家的最好的艺术家们大约10年了。 In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. 事实上,这个房间没有是作为礼物送人的。它是设计出用于弗雷德里克的宫殿。然而,普鲁士的下一任国王弗雷德里克威廉?我、就是琥珀属于,决定不去保持它。在1716他给了彼得最重要的东西。作为回报,沙皇送给他一群他最好的士兵。所以琥珀房成了沙皇的一部分在圣彼得堡冬宫。大约四米长,房间作为一个小接待大厅为重要的游客。 Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. 后来,凯瑟琳二世琥珀屋的搬到一座宫殿外面圣彼得堡她在她的夏天。她告

2012新版自考英语二教材翻译00015

第1课Text A 批判性地阅读 批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么,还包括质疑和评价作者的话,并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。 考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的,或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况,你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。 质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前,首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外,注意作者是否参考了权威著作。 与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性,对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。 分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提,基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明,这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设,你必须判断这一假设是否合理。 鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如,如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就,那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌,那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后,如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形,那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如,如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状,那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。 甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说,要对文章内容“半信半疑”。 成为一名批判性阅读者,你的思路会不断拓宽,观点会更加合理。 第1课Text B 自信的语言 语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量,这一点至关重要。 再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子,分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦,乐意听从你给它的任何命令,而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。’ “尽力” 这是一个简单的词,却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”,你

新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第二册课文翻译(全册)

新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长,那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言,我是一个乏味的怪物:一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲,一个还沉湎于语法规则的人,对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时,才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她:“欧洲之行如何?” 3 她点了三四下头,绞尽脑汁,苦苦寻找恰当的词语,然后惊呼:“真是,哇!” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中!我的学生以“哇!”来表示她的惊叹,我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题,有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同,或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷,他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责,因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨,他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说,杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary(静止处),虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery(文具用品)并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。实际上,他们应该说They've just eaten。因此,批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反,学校只教零星的语法,高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是,学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识,因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通,可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。

山东自考(00015)英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia,there has been foreign languages fervor in China,with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools,colleges and universities,but also at evening classes,on radio and TV.Parents hire private tutors for their school children;adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer,if I am asked to offer,is undoubtedly,yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样,中国也掀起一股外语热,在这股热潮中,英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语,夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教,成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日,到公园参加英语角,与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难,需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题,那么毫无疑问,我的答案是:是的。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation,its grammatical rules,its words,etc.It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it.Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation,sentence structure and the words he uses. 从我个人的经验来看,英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等,它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解,即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误,一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it.Take the Chinese English learners for example." Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people.It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?",which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese.Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not.It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token,"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile,the Chinese would be shocked to hear,"Oh,it's very nice of you.When?",if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet. 讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。以学英语的中国人为例,"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语,若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?",他们会因此感到不悦,这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。同样,英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语),会觉得中国人非常好客,会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食,又碰巧没有吃饭,他会回答"太好了,什么时候?",中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner.Why can't we say pig,bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork,beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions.Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners.But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history.Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken.A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history.Consequently, the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few. 中国的英语学习者可能会这样问:"我 们可以说吃鸡,为什么不能说吃猪、 吃牛、吃羊,而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、 羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说,为 这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易 事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史,死 记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说, 学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习 使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英 语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英 语国家的西方人要困难得多,因为汉 字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之 处,并且中国和西方世界在近代史上 很少接触。所以,在中国,英语背景 知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者,也使 许多人丧失信心。 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English.Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she",for the two words sound the same,though,different in written forms in Chinese.As a result, some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes.But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins.The confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values,to a certain extent, affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he/she reads and hears.Only by developing an understanding and tolerance(忍受)of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers. 英语学习中,东西方的价值观念是相 互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语 中"他""她"的用法,因为这两个字尽管 字形不同,读音却相同,他们因此常 常抱怨。结果有些英语母语的人得出 结论,认为中国人不区分两种性别。 但是在涉及表亲的时候,英语母语的 人更是混淆性别。东西方价值观的冲 突造成的语言上的混淆,在一定程度 上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读 或所听到的内容的理解.学习英语的中 国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的 理解和宽容,才能达到与英语母语者 交流的目标。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of Eng1ish unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(not all,of course!)in learning English.Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write.This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech, the amount of information conveyed, and,above all,the quality of communication. 学习英语的中国人,只有在学习英语 的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌 握英语。(当然不可能是克服全部文化 障碍!) 很多中国人说话或写作的时 候,将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英 语,这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、 传达的信息量,最重要的是,影响交 流的质量。 The above is,not wholly,how difficult English is.Some native speakers might have said,"You foreigners don't use good English! " at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying."Why should l?"1 would protest,though.Still,I have to keep asking myself:Is it possible for a foreigner to command English? 尽管不完全,以上就是学习英语的困 难。英语母语者被外国人误解的时候 可能会说:"你们外国人不懂地道的英 语!" 我要反驳:"我们为什么要懂?"我还要 问:一个外国人可能精通英语吗? Text B Learning a Language 学 语言 Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this.Linguists are working on this problem in two ways.First,they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language. 大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地 学好一门语言,大部分语言学家和语 言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。语言学 家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面, 他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母 语、理解母语的。另一方面致力于研 究人是如何学习第二语言的。 Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak.Some linguists think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage.This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that, along with many other things,they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language,and a little help from their parents,they are able to learn to speak.Another group of linguists does not think this is correct. 语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话 的。一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有 学习和使用语言的能力。这并不是指 一个人的母语是与生俱来的;而是指 一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力, 这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的 能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的 语言有一定接触,在父母的些许帮助 下就能够学会说话。另外一派语言学 家则对此持有异议。 This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a 1anguage from their parents.They believe that parents teach their children to produce sounds and words in their language.When children know some words,their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences.These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way that adults are taught a second language.Instead, parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of 1anguage. These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment . In this case,the environment is their family and their home. As you see,the first group of linguists disagrees. 持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟 着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父 母首先教孩子发声、吐字。当孩子掌 握一定词汇以后,父母就开始教他们 如何组织句子。但是他们认为,父母 教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第 二语言的方法。相反,父母是通过与 孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教 孩子说话的。这一派语言学家认为, 儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言 的。这种情况下,语言环境是家庭和 生活环境。可以看出,第一派语言学 家对此并不赞同。 There are some other theories about how children learn a language.Many people are studying the process of language learning by children.This work is being done in many countries.Linguists are not the only people who are interested in this process.Many psychologists,doctors, and parents are also interested.People who teach foreign languages are interested, too. 关于儿童如何学习语言还有一些其他 理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研 究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学 家,许多心理学家、医生和父母都对 儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。外语教 师也对这一过程很感兴趣。 Foreign language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their native language for a very important reason.If they knew how children learn their native language,perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults, as well as children, a second language.This is a very interesting idea.Some foreign language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language . These teachers try to make their students' learning similar to that of children.These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom.They will not talk to students in the native language.They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible.They do not teach them any rules for using the language.Most parents don't teach their children rules for language usage,either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly.Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students,this method is successful.They learn to speak quickly and easily.They seem to enjoy using the language,and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say.Some students, however,cannot learn a language this way.Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language. 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴 趣,有其很重要的原因。他们如果知 道儿童如何学习母语,就可能找到一 种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第 二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。 有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语 言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相 同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习 语言的过程组织教学:课堂上只讲外 语,不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽 可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式, 不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师 采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母 在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言 使用规则,而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话 是正确的。对一些学生来说,这种方 法是成功的,他们能够轻而易举地、 很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很 喜欢去用所学的语言,并不很在意是 否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些 学生则不适合这种方法,语言学家着 手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 A second method,the rule-learning method,sometimes works better with these students.Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one's native language.They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly.These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn.Then they give them many sentences in the language to say over and over again.The students are encouraged to make up new sentences, using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know. 另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适 合这部分学生。一些语言学家认为学 习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通 过记忆来学习语言使用规则,必须练 习使用这种语言,练习正确地使用这 些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的 语法规则,再给学生一些例句让他们 反复练习,同时鼓励学生使用所学过 的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。 Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method.They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language and can speak the language and understand it,too.For many students, this is the best way to learn a foreign language.For some students, both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class, hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and "pick up" the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it.These people are rare. 一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效 果非常好,他们学得很快,用得也好。 他们掌握了语言使用规则,能够使用 所学的语言,也能够理解别人的话。 对一些学生来说,这是学外语最好的 方法。对另外一些学生来说,两种方 法都行之有效。有时候,老师在课堂 上将两种方法结合起来用,目的是让 每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国 外通过倾听,与人交流等手段自然而 然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟 是少数人。 Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily.Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language.Perhaps language 1earning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language. 大多数人还是通过课堂或者其他方式 来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同 的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一 门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力 于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言 的。也许在解决了这个问题之后,语 言学习会变得容易一些。 Unit 2 Text A Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States.I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about. 我是土生土长的香港人。六年来一直 生活在美国,是一家大百货商店的女 售货员。目前我正经历人生中一段痛 苦,自己也很难讲述。 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit.It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States.I was eager to see my parents, my brothers and sisters,and my friends. 几个月前,我回香港探亲,这也是我 到美国后第一次回家探亲。我期待着 见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 I really got a shock when I arrived.Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago.Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it.My elementary school was gone.The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings. 到达时,我确实大吃一惊。香港已经 不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 这儿发生了巨大的变化,一些地方都 认不出来了。我读书的那所小学已经 不复存在。曾经住过的那条街上的房 子已被拆掉,代之而起的是办公大楼。 The shock from the physical changes in the city,however,was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents’ home.My family greeted me warmly when I arrived.While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor,the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States.I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after,but then I began to feel that something was wrong.I noticed that my family, especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking.They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me,and I became uncomfortable and confused as to(至于)why they were behaving that way. 但是,我到了父母亲家里不久,就发 现了一些令我想不通的问题,情感上 也受到了挫伤。与之相比,香港外观 上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。我 的家人热情地迎接我回家。我母亲忙 着备饭为我接风,家里其余的人迫不 及待地问我在美国的生活。那天和之 后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我 就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。我 注意到,在我讲话的时候,我的家人, 尤其是我母亲,会以一种奇怪的目光 看我。渐渐地,大家对我疏远起来, 不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到 不舒服,弄不明白他们为什么这样对 待我。 I decided to talk to my mother.She asked me,“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?”I asked her what she meant.She said.“You’ve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home.You talk when you should remain silent.You speak on matters that are of concern only to men.You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires.That’s not the way of a Chinese woman.We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves.” 我决定和母亲谈一谈。她问我:“你忘 了中国的规矩了吗?”我问她指的是什 么。她回答说:“你忘了中国家庭里女 人的地位了。应该保持沉默的时候, 你却在讲话。你就那些只与男人有关 的事情发表见解。你直言不讳你的内 心感受和愿望,这不是中国女人的做 法。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” As my mother spoke,I realized what had happened to me.American including American women,are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings.Also American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject.They don’t take a silent back seat during a discussion.I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six years,,I had gradually adopted some of their ways. 听着母亲这样讲,我意识到了是怎么 回事。美国人,包括美国女性,都非 常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美 国男女一样,对任何问题都自由地发 表见解。在讨论中,她们不会做一个 沉默的旁观者。我想,过去六年和美 国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的一 些做法。 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman.But it didn’t work.My family remained distant from me.They could no longer accept me fully as one of them.I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider,a stranger in my own country. 接下来的几天,我尽力作一名中国女 性,可是没用。家人和我疏远。他们 无法完全把我当作自己人。身在家乡 却被视为外人,这使我更加不自在, 感觉受到了深深的伤害。 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States.But coming back here didn’t lessen the confusion and pain.In fact,I feel more confused than before.I now feel homeless.I don’t feel like an American.Americans haven’t accepted me.The women I work with at the store are polite enough,but they don’t try to get close to me or let me get close to them.During the morning coffee break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping.On Fridays they talk about the disco place they’re going to that night.My accent,my name,and 1

相关主题