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五人墓碑记(文章加点字词翻译)

五人墓碑记

张溥

五人者，盖（句首发语词）当（在......时候）蓼洲周公之（取独）被逮（判断句，被动句），激于（被动句）义而死焉（兼词，于之）者也。至于（到，古今异义词）今，郡之（的）贤士大夫请于（向）当（主持，掌管）道（当权者），（介后）即（就）除（整理）魏阉废祠之（的）址（地基）以（来）葬之（他们）；且立石于（在）其墓之门（介后），以（来）旌（表扬，表彰）其所为（所做的事）。呜呼，亦盛（盛大的事情）矣哉！

夫（发语词）五人之（的）死，去（距离）今之（取独）墓（名作动，修墓）而（承接）葬焉（兼词，于之），其为时止（只）十有一月（同“又”）耳。夫十有一月之中，凡富贵之子，慷慨得志（意气激昂，志得意满）之徒（这类人），其疾病（名作动，患病）而（修饰）死，死而（承接）湮没（埋没）不足道（称道）者，亦已众矣；况草野（乡间，民间）之（的）无闻者（没有名声的人）欤独（唯独）五人之皦皦（同“皎皎”，明亮的样子），何也

予犹记周公之（取独）被逮，在丙寅三月之（的）望（农历每月的十五日）。吾社之行为（品行，成为。古今异义词）士先者，为（替）之声义（伸张正义），敛（募集）赀（同“资”，钱财）财以（来）送其行，哭声震动天地。缇骑按（用手压或握）剑而（修饰）前（名作动，走上前），问：“谁为（替）（之）哀者”众不能堪（忍受），抶（笞打，鞭打）而（承接）仆（使......倒下）之。是时以（凭借）大中丞抚（巡抚）吴者为（是）魏之私人（私党，古今词）毛一鹭，公之（取独）（被）逮所由使（主使）也（被动句）；吴之民方（正）痛心（痛恨，古今词）焉（他），于是乘其厉声以（修饰）呵，则噪而（修饰）相（代指一方，他）逐。中丞匿（躲藏）于（到）溷藩（厕所）以（才，承接）免。既而（不久）以（用）吴民之乱请（申告）于（向）朝（介后），按（追究，查办）诛五人，曰颜佩韦、杨念如、马杰、沈扬、周文元，即（就是）今之傫然（并合在一起的样子）在墓者也（判断句）。

然五人之（取独）当刑也，意气扬扬，呼中丞之名而（修饰）詈（斥骂）之，谈笑以（修饰）死。断头置（于）城上，颜色（脸色，古今词）不少（同“稍”）变。有贤士大夫发（拿出）五十金，买五人之头而（承接）函（名作动，用棺材收敛）之，卒（最后）与尸合。故今之墓中全乎（完完整整）为（是）五人也（判断）。

嗟乎！大阉之（取独）乱，缙绅而能不易（改变）其志者（定后），四海之大（定后），有几人欤而五人生于编伍（平民）之间，素（平素）不闻诗书之训（教诲），激昂大义（被动句），蹈（踏上）死不顾（回头），亦曷（同“何”）故哉且（况且）矫诏（假托君主颁发的诏令）纷出，钩党（有牵连的同党）之捕遍于天下（宾前），卒（最终）以（因为）吾郡之发愤一击，不敢复有株治（株连治罪）；大阉亦逡巡（迟疑不决）畏义，非常（非同寻常，古今词）之谋难于猝（突然）发，待圣人之（取独）出而（承接）投缳（自缢）道路，不可谓非五人之力也（判断）。

由是观之，则今之高爵显位，一旦抵罪（因犯罪而受相应的惩罚），或（有的）脱身以逃，不能容于（被动）远近（远近的人，形作名），而又有剪发杜门，佯（假装）狂不知所之（去，到）者，其辱人贱行（行为），视（与......比）五人之死，轻重固（本来，到底）何如哉是以（因

此）蓼洲周公忠义暴（显露）于朝廷，赠谥褒美，显荣于身后（介后）；而五人亦得以加其土封，列其姓名于大堤之上（介后，凡四方之士无不有过而（承接）拜且泣者，斯（这）固（的确）百世之遇也（判断）。不然，令（假使）五人者保其首领（头颅，借指性命），以老于户（门）牖（窗）之下，则尽其天年，人皆得以隶（名作状，那对待奴隶那样）使（使唤）之，安（怎么）能屈（使屈伸，倾倒）豪杰之流，扼腕（于）墓道，发（抒发）其志士之悲哉故余与同社诸君子，哀（惋惜）斯（这）墓之（取独）徒（空）有其石也，而为（替）之记（名作动），亦以（用来）明（表明，阐明，形作动）死生之大（重大意义，形作名），匹夫（平民）之有重于社稷也。

贤士大夫者，冏卿因之吴公，太史文起文公、孟长姚公也。

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还有这么一件趣事，足以证明《青春》在日本的魅力。一天，美国影片销售协会主席罗森菲尔德参加日本实业界的聚会，晚宴之前的谈话，他随意说了一句：“《青春》的作者，便是我的祖父。”在座的各位实业界领袖大为惊讶，其中有一位一边激动地说“我一直随身带着它呢”，一边从口袋里掏出了《青春》。 Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateof mind.Itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlips andsuppleknees.Itisamatterofthewill,a qualityoftheimagination,vigorofthe emotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspring oflife. Youthmeansatemperamental predominanceofcourageovertimidity,ofthe appetiteforadventureovertheloveofease. Thisoftenexitsinamanof60,morethana boyof20.nobodygrowsmerelybythe numberofyears;wegrowoldbydeserting ourideas.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,butto giveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.worry, fear,self-distrust1bowstheheartandturns thespiritbacktodust.青春不是年华，而是心境；青春

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之出而投缳道路：不可谓非五人之力也！由是观之，则今之高爵显位，一旦抵罪，或脱身以逃，不能容于远近，而又有剪发杜门、佯狂不知所之者，其辱人贱行，视五人之死，轻重固何如哉？是以蓼洲周公忠义暴于朝廷，赠谥褒美，显荣于身后；而五人亦得以加其土封，列其姓名于大堤之上，凡四方之士，无有不过而拜且泣者，斯固百世之遇也！不然，令五人者保其首领以老于户牖之下，则尽其天年，人皆得以隶使之，安能屈豪杰之流，扼腕墓道，发其志士之悲哉！故予与同社诸君子哀斯墓之徒有其石也，而为之记，亦以明死生之大，匹夫之有重于社稷也。贤士大夫者：冏卿因之吴公、太史文起文公、孟长姚公也。【注释】 ⑴本文作于明崇祯元年（1628）。天启年间，宦官魏忠贤专权，网罗遍天下，以残暴手段镇压东林党人。天启六年（1626），派人到苏州逮捕曾任吏部主事、文选员外郎的周顺昌，激起苏州市民的义愤，爆发了反抗宦官统治的斗争。本文是为这次斗争中被阉党杀害的五位义士而写的碑文。文章议论随叙事而入，感慨淋漓，激昂尽致，题外有情，题外有旨，开人心胸。 ⑵蓼（iǎo）洲周公：周顺昌，字景文，号蓼洲，吴县（今苏州）人。万历年间进士，曾官福州推官、吏部主事、文选员外郎等职，因不满朝政，辞职归家。东林党人魏大中被逮，途经吴县时，周顺昌不避株连，曾招待过他。后周顺昌被捕遇害。崇祯年间，谥忠介。 ⑶郡：指吴郡，即今苏州市。当道：执Org掌政权的人。

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